Proportions of studied characteristics (malaria prevalence, HbE, G6PD deficiency, α-thalassemia, β-thalassemia), by village and ethnic group (A) and by linguistic family (B).

<p>Proportions of studied characteristics (malaria prevalence, HbE, G6PD deficiency, α-thalassemia, β-thalassemia), by village and ethnic group (A) and by linguistic family (B).</p

HbE did not have an inhibitory effect on <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i> invasion <i>in vitro</i> or the production of hemozoin.

<p>(A) The percentages of infected red blood cells and (B) the absorbance of hemozoin at 450/750 nm after 96 hours incubation of red blood cells from normal (circles) or HbE (diamonds) participants with <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i>. Each symbol represents each individual participant. Solid lines show the mean with standard deviations of each group.</p