70 research outputs found
Borate glasses with PbO and PbCl2 containing Dy3+ ions
Oxychloroborate glasses containing Dy3+ ions in the B2O3–PbCl2–PbO–Al2O3–WO3 system
were studied using X-ray diffraction, Raman, FT-IR, absorption, excitation and luminescence
spectroscopy. The results concerning glass preparation, short-range order structure and optical
properties are reported. X-ray diffraction analysis evidently indicates that the fully amorphous
system was prepared. Coexistence of trigonal BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 units was evidenced by
Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. The electronic states belonging to the 4f 9 configuration of
trivalent Dy3+ were determined from the absorption and excitation spectra. The luminescence
bands at 480, 573 and 662 nm were registered in oxychloride glasses, which correspond to
transitions originating from the 4F9/2 state to the 6HJ/2 (J = 11, 13, 15) states of Dy3+
Zarządzanie kadrami w organizacji turkusowej na przykładzie firmy Brewa s.c. w Kaliszu
The article identifid activities in the fild of human resources management carried out in teal organizations, a concept developed by F. Laloux. The Polish company Brewa, from Kalisz, which for several years has been implementing the teal organization rules, was used as an example. Using the categorized interview method with one of the company’s owners, detailed functions which make up the human resources management in this organization were presented and analyzed. The fidings indicated that recruitment and selection were considered as belonging to the most important activities in this area, including the introduction of a new employee to work.W artykule dokonano identyfiacji działań w zakresie zarządzania kadrami, realizowanych w organizacjach turkusowych opisanych przez F. Laloux, na przykładzie polskiej fimy Brewa s.c. z Kalisza, która od kilku lat wdraża w swojej działalności zasady organizacji turkusowych. Wykorzystując metodę wywiadu skategoryzowanego z jednym z właścicieli fimy, zaprezentowano i przeanalizowano szczegółowe funkcje, które składają się na zarządzanie kadrami w wyżej wymienionej organizacji. Za jedno z najważniejszych działań w tym obszarze uznano rekrutację i selekcję, w tym wprowadzenie nowego pracownika do pracy
Replacement of glass-former B2O3 by GeO2 in an amorphous host evidenced by optical methods
Two completely different glass-host matrices containing lead, i.e. borate and germanate glasses doped with erbium were studied. The replacement of glass-former B2O3 by GeO2 in an amorphous host was evidenced by optical methods. The luminescence decay from the⁴I13/2 upper laser state of Er³⁺ ions is relatively short, whereas the up-converted emission signal is reduced definitely in borate glass containing lead due to its high B-O stretching vibrations. The results indicate that germanate glasses containing lead are promising for near-infrared luminescence and up-conversion applications
Influence of heavy metal oxide and activator concentration on spectroscopic properties of Eu 3+, Dy 3+ and Tb 3+ ions in lead borate glasses
Heavy metal lead borate glasses doped with rare earth ions were examined. The influence of heavy
metal oxide PbO and activator concentration on luminescence properties of rare earth ions are
discussed. Rare earth ions were limited to Eu3+, Dy3+ and Tb3+ which are emitting in the visible
light. Increasing concentration of lead oxide in relation to boron oxide causes an increase
in R (Eu3+), Y/B (Dy3+) and G/B (Tb3+) spectroscopic factors which correspond to the relative
integrated luminescence intensities of 5D0–7F2 /5D0–7F1, 4F9/2–6H13/2 /4F9/2–6H15/2 and
5D4–7F5 /5D4–7F6 transitions, respectively. Moreover, the influence of heavy metal oxide and
activator concentration on luminescence decays from excited states of rare earth ions was
examined in details
Heavy metal glasses and transparent glass-ceramics : preparation, local structure and optical properties
Heavy metal oxide and oxyfluoride lead silicate glasses doped with rare-earth ions were prepared.
Next, they were heat treated in order to obtain transparent glass-ceramics. The rare-earths as
optically active ions were limited to trivalent Eu3+ and Dy3+. Correlation between the local structure
and the luminescence properties of Eu3+ and Dy3+ ions in the studied glass and glass-ceramic
systems was examined using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and optical measurements. Especially,
the ratio of integrated emission intensity of the 5D0–7F2 transition to that of the 5D0–7F1 transition
of Eu3+, defined as the luminescence intensity ratio R (Eu3+) as well as the ratio of integrated
emission intensity of the 4F9/2–6H13/2 transition to that of the 4F9/2–6H15/2 transition of Dy3+,
defined as the luminescence intensity ratio Y/B (Dy3+), have been analyzed in details. Their
values are reduced due to part incorporation of rare-earth ions into cubic β -PbF2 crystalline phase.
The excitation and luminescence spectra of rare-earth ions in glass samples before and after heat
treatment are presented and discussed in relation to potential application in optoelectronics
Rare earth doped lead-free germanate glasses for modern photonics
Lead-free germanate glasses doped with rare earth ions were synthesized and next studied using excitation and luminescence spectroscopy. Rare earths were limited to Pr3+, Eu3+ and Er3+ ions. Several luminescence bands correspond to transitions originating from the 3P0 and 1D2 states of Pr3+, the 5D0 state of Eu3+, the 4S3/2, 4F9/2 and 4I13/2 states of Er3+, respectively. The relatively long lifetime for the upper 4I13/2 laser state of Er3+ suggest that lead-free germanate glasses are promising materials for near-infrared optical amplifiers
Excitation and luminescence of rare earth-doped lead phosphate glasses
Excitation and luminescence properties of Eu3+, Tb3+ and Er3+ ions in lead phosphate glasses have been studied. From excitation spectra of Eu3+ ions, the electron–phonon coupling strength and phonon energy of the glass host were calculated and compared to that obtained by Raman spectroscopy. Main intense and long-lived luminescence bands are related to the 5D0–7F2 (red) transition of Eu3+, the 5D4–7F5 (green) transition of Tb3+ and the 4I13/2–4I15/2 (near-infrared) transition of Er3+. The critical transfer distances, the donor–acceptor interaction parameters and the energy transfer probabilities were calculated using the fitting of the luminescence decay curves from 5D0 (Eu3+), 5D4 (Tb3+) and 4I13/2 (Er3+) excited states. The energy transfer probabilities for Eu3+ (5D0), Tb3+ (5D4) and Er3+ (4I13/2) are relatively small, which indicates low self-quenching luminescence of rare earth ions in lead phosphate glasses
Reddish-Orange Luminescence from BaF2:Eu3+ Fluoride Nanocrystals Dispersed in Sol-Gel Materials
Nanocrystalline transparent BaF2:Eu3+ glass-ceramic materials emitting reddish-orange
light were fabricated using a low-temperature sol-gel method. Several experimental techniques were
used to verify structural transformation from precursor xerogels to sol-gel glass-ceramic materials
containing fluoride nanocrystals. Thermal degradation of xerogels was analyzed by thermogravimetric
analysis (TG) and di erential scanning calorimetry method (DSC). The presence of BaF2 nanocrystals
dispersed in sol-gel materials was confirmed by the X-ray di raction (XRD) analysis and transmission
electron microscopy (TEM). In order to detect structural changes in silica network during annealing
process, the infrared spectroscopy (IR-ATR) was carried out. In particular, luminescence spectra
of Eu3+ and their decays were examined in detail. Some spectroscopic parameters of Eu3+ ions in
glass-ceramics containing BaF2 nanocrystals were determined and compared to the values obtained
for precursor xerogels. It was observed, that the intensities of two main red and orange emission bands
corresponding to the 5D0!7F2 electric-dipole transition (ED) and the 5D0!7F1 magnetic-dipole (MD)
transition are changed significantly during transformation from xerogels to nanocrystalline BaF2:Eu3+
glass-ceramic materials. The luminescence decay analysis clearly indicates that the measured lifetime
5D0 (Eu3+) considerably enhanced in nanocrystalline BaF2:Eu3+ glass-ceramic materials compared
to precursor xerogels. The evident changes in luminescence spectra and their decays suggest the
successful migration of Eu3+ ions from amorphous silica network to low-phonon BaF2 nanocrystals
Luminescent studies on germanate glasses doped with europium ions for photonic applications
Jacek ̇Żmojda, Marcin Kochanowicz, Piotr Miluski, Piotr Golonko, Agata Baranowska, Tomasz Ragiń, Jan Dorosz, Renata Szal, Gabriela Mach, Bartosz Starzyk, Magdalena Leśniak, Maciej Sitarz, Dominik DoroszGlass and ceramic materials doped with rare earth (RE) ions have gained wide interest in
photonics as active materials for lasers, optical amplifiers, and luminescent sensors. The emission
properties of RE-doped glasses depend on their chemical composition, but they can also be tailored by
modifying the surrounding active ions. Typically, this is achieved through heat treatment (including
continuous-wave and pulsed lasers) after establishing the ordering mechanisms in the particular
glass–RE system. Within the known systems, silicate glasses predominate, while much less work
relates to materials with lower energy phonons, which allow more e cient radiation sources to be
constructed for photonic applications. In the present work, the luminescent and structural properties
of germanate glasses modified with phosphate oxide doped with Eu3+ ions were investigated.
Europium dopant was used as a “spectroscopic probe” in order to analyze the luminescence spectra,
which characterizes the changes in the local site symmetries of Eu3+ ions. Based on the spectroscopic
results, a strong influence of P2O5 content was observed on the excitation and luminescence spectra.
The luminescence study of the most intense 5D0!7F2 (electric dipole) transition revealed that the
increase in the P2O5 content leads to the linewidth reduction (from 15 nm to 10 nm) and the blue shift
(~2 nm) of the emission peak. According to the crystal field theory, the introduction of P2O5 into the
glass structure changes the splitting number of sublevels of the 5D0!7F1 (magnetic dipole) transition,
confirming the higher polymerization of fabricated glass. The slightly di erent local environment
of Eu3+ centers the results in a number of sites and causes inhomogeneous broadening of spectral
lines. It was found that the local asymmetry ratio estimated by the relation of (5D0!7F2)/(5D0!7F1)
transitions also confirms greater changes in local symmetry around Eu3+ ions. Our results indicate
that modification of germanate glass by P2O5 allows control of their structural properties in order to
functionalize the emissions for application as luminescent light sources and sensors
Near-infrared luminescence of rare earth ions in oxyfluoride lead borate glasses and transparent glass-ceramic materials
Oxyfluoride lead borate glasses singly doped with Nd3+ and Er3+ ions have been studied before and after thermal treatment. The orthorhombic PbF2 crystallites are formed during thermal treatment, which was evidenced by X-ray diffraction analysis. Near-infrared luminescence spectra at 1.06 μm and 1.53 μm have been registered for samples before and after annealing, which correspond to the main 4F3/2–4I11/2 and 4I13/2–4I15/2 laser transitions of Nd3+ and Er3+ ions, respectively. Luminescence decays from 4F3/2 state of Nd3+ and 4I13/2 state of Er3+ have been analyzed in detail. Contrary to Nd-doped samples, the luminescence lines obtained for Er-doped transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramics are more intense and narrowed, whereas the luminescence decays from 4I13/2 state of Er3+ are slightly longer in comparison to precursor glasses
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