Voices of Ohio Women Aspiring to Principalship

Women who aspire for principalship might encounter obstacles such as: lack of encouragement; myths about women’s work; sex stereotyping; lack of aspiration; role conflict; low self-esteem; family responsibilities; lack of mobility; and hiring and promoting practices. The research problem is to investigate the major obstacles of women seeking the principalship in public education in the U.S.; and also to explore changes of different obstacles to women’s principalship because of changing women’s role over time. Most studies include one or two obstacles; but this study investigates major obstacles or any other possible obstacles that may have not been recognized in past studies. The qualitative method for this study includes interviews with women (a sample of 9) to obtain a more in depth understanding of the barriers women faced. The subjects are women who are certified as principals in Franklin County, Ohio. Women in interviews are asked to reveal the most important obstacles while they are searching for leadership positions. Women’s experiences were collected and were analyzed to determine similarities and differences in these experiences. The two most influential factors that prevented the women in this study are: gender stereotypical views, followed by family responsibilities

Fewer women than men in educational leadership

The purpose of this study is to explore the possible obstacles in women’s pathway to a principalship; and examine if these obstacles have changed over the past two decades because of women’s changing roles

The Obstacles in Women\u27s Pathway to Principalship

The research problem is to investigate the obstacles of women seeking the principalship in public education; and also to explore major changes of different obstacles to women\u27s principalship because women\u27s roles have changed over time. Different obstacles in women\u27s pathway to principalship are: low self-image; lack of encouragement; myths about women\u27s work; sex stereotyping; lack of aspiration; role conflict; low self-esteem; family responsibilities; lack of mobility; and hiring and promoting practices. The research questions are: 1. what are the barriers for women who did not obtain a principalship or assistant principalship. 2. what are the barriers for women who obtained principalship or assistant principalship. 3. What are the other barriers for women who did or did not obtain principalship

Experts\u27 views regarding Australian school-leavers\u27 knowledge of nutrition and food systems

Objective: To explore Australian experts\u27 views regarding strengths and gaps in school-leavers\u27 knowledge of nutrition and food systems ( N & FS) and factors that influence that knowledge. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 highly experienced food-related experts in Australia. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using Attride-Stirling\u27s thematic network framework. Results: Two global themes and several organising themes were identified. The first global theme, \u27structural curriculum-based problems\u27, emerged from three organising themes of: inconsistencies in provided food education programs at schools in Australia; insufficient coverage of food-related skills and food systems topics in school curricula; and the lack of trained school teachers. The second global theme, \u27insufficient levels of school-leavers knowledge of N & FS \u27, was generated from four organising themes, which together described Australian school-leavers\u27 poor knowledge of N & FS more broadly and knowledge translation problem for everyday practices. Conclusion: Study findings identified key problems relating to current school-based N & FS education programs in Australia and reported knowledge gaps in relation to N & FS among Australian school-leavers. Implications: These findings provide important guidance for N & FS curriculum development, to clearly articulate broadly-based N & FS knowledge acquisition in curriculum policy and education documents for Australian schools

High cycle fatigue properties of stainless martensitic chromium steel springs

For many materials and components like in high speed trains and airplanes fatigue failures occur in the range of over 107 load cycles which is called the high cycle fatigue range. A modern version of the springs was invented which are applied in a certain application. Ultrasonic fatigue testing (20 kHz machine) was conducted for evaluating the steel of the springs. This research explores the fundamental understanding of high cycle fatigue testing of strip steel and assesses a stainless martensitic chromium steel at the high cycle fatigue range. Finite element modeling was conducted to gain knowledge about the effect of various parameters. Significant attention was devoted to the fatigue failure initiations by SEM/EDS. The work demonstrated that the method of investigation for high cycle fatigue test is reliable. Fatigue failure at this range was initiated by internal defects which all included non-metallic inclusion. A critical distance was defined Within the strip fatigue specimen where all the fatigue failure initiated. The 3D stress field in the specimen was determined by FEM modeling and the local applied stress at the whole of the flat part of specimen and critical distance was estimated. FEM was also employed to give additional information about the effect of parameters. It was established that damping had the largest influence. The local applied stress of the fatigue test was calculated by means of FEM and SEM analysis. It was used to adjust the S-N curve which resulted in 15% lower values than the nominal applied stress

Patents, Industrial Designs, and the Trans-Pacific Partnership: Articles 18.37–18.46 and 18.55–18.56

This essay summarizes the articles of the Trans-Pacific Partnership dealing with patents and industrial designs, and compares and contrasts those articles with U.S. law and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)

Numerical analysis of the temperature distribution in a martensic stainless steel strip during hardening

Due to the increasing demands on higher qualities of thin martensitic steel strips, a great attention needs to be paid to the dimension quality of the finished product within the hardening line. The temperature distribution within the strip during the process influences the flatness of the finished product. Therefore, a FEM model was developed based on physical theories. Specifically, the temperature for the section before martensitic transformation was predicted by using a steady state approach. In addition, the results of the numerical predictions were compared to measured temperature performed in industry by using infrared thermal imaging. The results showed that a significant temperature difference exists across the width of the strip. This difference was 41°C and 48°C at the position close to the bath interface according to the thermal imaging and modelling results, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature measurements showed that the temperature of the strip decreased by 245°C from the furnace temperature within the gas box beyond the hardening furnace. The measurements were performed at a position about 21mm away from the molten metal bath interface. Overall, the results of this study can be seen as initial fundamental knowledge of the modelling of the hardening process. Thereby, this knowledge can be used to modify the current hardening process as well as be used as input to study the stress in strip in future investigations

Numerical analysis of the temperature distribution in a martensic stainless steel strip during hardening

Due to the increasing demands on higher qualities of thin martensitic steel strips, a great attention needs to be paid to the dimension quality of the finished product within the hardening line. The temperature distribution within the strip during the process influences the flatness of the finished product. Therefore, a FEM model was developed based on physical theories. Specifically, the temperature for the section before martensitic transformation was predicted by using a steady state approach. In addition, the results of the numerical predictions were compared to measured temperature performed in industry by using infrared thermal imaging. The results showed that a significant temperature difference exists across the width of the strip. This difference was 41°C and 48°C at the position close to the bath interface according to the thermal imaging and modelling results, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature measurements showed that the temperature of the strip decreased by 245°C from the furnace temperature within the gas box beyond the hardening furnace. The measurements were performed at a position about 21mm away from the molten metal bath interface. Overall, the results of this study can be seen as initial fundamental knowledge of the modelling of the hardening process. Thereby, this knowledge can be used to modify the current hardening process as well as be used as input to study the stress in strip in future investigations.publishedVersio