61 research outputs found
A High-Quality Grapevine Downy Mildew Genome Assembly Reveals Rapidly Evolving and Lineage-Specific Putative Host Adaptation Genes
Downy mildews are obligate biotrophic oomycete pathogens that cause devastating plant diseases on economically important crops. Plasmopara viticola is the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, a major disease in vineyards worldwide. We sequenced the genome of Pl. viticola with PacBio long reads and obtained a new 92.94âMb assembly with high contiguity (359 scaffolds for a N50 of 706.5âkb) due to a better resolution of repeat regions. This assembly presented a high level of gene completeness, recovering 1,592 genes encoding secreted proteins involved in plantâpathogen interactions. Plasmopara viticola had a two-speed genome architecture, with secreted protein-encoding genes preferentially located in gene-sparse, repeat-rich regions and evolving rapidly, as indicated by pairwise dN/dS values. We also used short reads to assemble the genome of Plasmopara muralis, a closely related species infecting grape ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata). The lineage-specific proteins identified by comparative genomics analysis included a large proportion of RxLR cytoplasmic effectors and, more generally, genes with high dN/dS values. We identified 270 candidate genes under positive selection, including several genes encoding transporters and components of the RNA machinery potentially involved in host specialization. Finally, the Pl. viticola genome assembly generated here will allow the development of robust population genomics approaches for investigating the mechanisms involved in adaptation to biotic and abiotic selective pressures in this species
Les signes en société
StĂ©phane Breton, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Anthropologie de la MĂ©lanĂ©sie : la visibilitĂ© des relations Les sociĂ©tĂ©s de MĂ©lanĂ©sie ont une maniĂšre particuliĂšre de poser la question de lâorigine et de lâissue des biens et des ĂȘtres. Elles redoublent lâidĂ©e dâune fĂ©conditĂ© pulsative par la circulation des choses. Câest ce quâon appelle lâ« échange », qui rĂšgle lâĂ©nergie sociale par des mouvements de concentration, dâexposition et de dispersion. En somme, ces sociĂ©tĂ©s pensent que toute fĂ©conditĂ© est f..
Les signes en société
StĂ©phane Breton, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Anthropologie de la MĂ©lanĂ©sie : la visibilitĂ© des relations Les sociĂ©tĂ©s de MĂ©lanĂ©sie ont une maniĂšre particuliĂšre de poser la question de lâorigine et de lâissue des biens et des ĂȘtres. Elles redoublent lâidĂ©e dâune fĂ©conditĂ© pulsative par la circulation des choses. Câest ce quâon appelle lâ« échange », qui rĂšgle lâĂ©nergie sociale par des mouvements de concentration, dâexposition et de dispersion. En somme, ces sociĂ©tĂ©s pensent que toute fĂ©conditĂ© est f..
Les signes en société
StĂ©phane Breton, maĂźtre de confĂ©rencesJacques Aumont, directeur dâĂ©tudes Le regard et le rĂ©el : le point de vue dans le cinĂ©ma documentaire Le rĂ©alisateur de films documentaires enregistre lâimage de faits dont il est le contemporaln. Ce que je vous montre, peut-il dire (tout comme lâethno graphe), nâexiste que parce que jâĂ©tais lĂ . La consĂ©quence, contre toute prĂ©tention positiviste, câest que le rĂ©el nâest pas libre du point de vue portĂ© sur lui et que le regard ne manque pas dâapparaĂźtre d..
Les signes en société
StĂ©phane Breton, maĂźtre de confĂ©rencesJacques Aumont, directeur dâĂ©tudes Le regard et le rĂ©el : le point de vue dans le cinĂ©ma documentaire Le rĂ©alisateur de films documentaires enregistre lâimage de faits dont il est le contemporaln. Ce que je vous montre, peut-il dire (tout comme lâethno graphe), nâexiste que parce que jâĂ©tais lĂ . La consĂ©quence, contre toute prĂ©tention positiviste, câest que le rĂ©el nâest pas libre du point de vue portĂ© sur lui et que le regard ne manque pas dâapparaĂźtre d..
Les signes en société
StĂ©phane Breton, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Anthropologie du regard : le cinĂ©ma documentaire et lâexpĂ©rience ethnographique (2) Le propre de la prise de vues, quâelle soit photographique ou cinĂ©matographique â ce qui revient au mĂȘme du point de vue technique â, est quâelle enregistre lâinstant exact de son opĂ©ration. Ă cet Ă©gard, parmi tous les arts, elle est unique. Son image ne relĂšve pas du registre de la reprĂ©sentation, ni mĂȘme seulement de la reproduction, mais de lâenregistrement, dans leque..
Les signes en société
StĂ©phane Breton, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Anthropologie du regard : le cinĂ©ma documentaire et lâexpĂ©rience ethnographique (2) Le propre de la prise de vues, quâelle soit photographique ou cinĂ©matographique â ce qui revient au mĂȘme du point de vue technique â, est quâelle enregistre lâinstant exact de son opĂ©ration. Ă cet Ă©gard, parmi tous les arts, elle est unique. Son image ne relĂšve pas du registre de la reprĂ©sentation, ni mĂȘme seulement de la reproduction, mais de lâenregistrement, dans leque..
T. cruzi OligoC-TesT: A Simplified and Standardized Polymerase Chain Reaction Format for Diagnosis of Chagas Disease
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and represents a major public health problem in Latin America. Furthermore, growing human population movements extend the disease distribution to regions outside the South American continent. Accurate diagnosis is crucial in patient care and in preventing transmission through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or vertical transmission from mother to child. Routine diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection generally is based on detection of the host's antibodies against the parasite. However, antibody detection tests are liable to specificity problems and are of limited use in assessing treatment outcome and congenital infections. The introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify specific DNA sequences opened promising diagnostic perspectives. Despite its reported high sensitivity and specificity, broad use of the PCR technique in diagnosis of Chagas disease is hampered by its complexity and the lack of any standardization. We here present the development and evaluation of the T. cruzi OligoC-TesT, a simple and standardized dipstick format for detection of PCR amplified T. cruzi DNA. The new tool is an important step towards simplified and standardized molecular diagnosis of Chagas disease
Les politiques des sciences. SĂ©minaire alternatif
Michel Agier, Mathieu Arnoux, Alban Bensa, Alain Blum, Simona Cerutti, Francis Chateauraynaud, Robert Descimon, Nicolas Dodier, Jean-Claude Galey, Nancy L. Green, Christian Jouhaud, Christian Topalov, directeurs dâĂ©tudesIsabelle Backouche, Juliette Cadiot, Fanny Cosandey, Sophie Desrosiers, AndrĂ© Gunthert, Liora IsraĂ«l, Cyril Lemieux, Mary Picone, Sylvain Piron, maĂźtres de confĂ©rencesIrĂšne Bellier, directrice de recherche au CNRSMichel BarthĂ©lĂ©my, Elie Haddad, CĂ©dric Lomba, Birgit MĂŒller, Sop..
Deterministic evolutions and Schrödinger flows
Deterministic evolutions are defined without ad hoc hypotheses but in the context of the axiomatic approach due to Aerts and Piron. For systems described by a family of Hilbert spaces one can prove necessary conditions on the resulting flow using the tools of projective geometry. In particular we show that a deterministic evolution is always given by a family of partially defined unitary operator
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