4,211 research outputs found
The Economics of Cultural Formation of Preferences
This paper introduces a generalized representation of the formation of continuous preferences (which can reflect different intensities). The preference intensity that a child adopts is formed as the collective outcome of all role models for preference intensities - which are derived from the socioeconomic actions of adults - that it socially learns from. We then show how the adopted preference intensities induce preferences over socioeconomic choices. Finally, this cultural formation of preferences process is endogenized as resulting out of optimal parental socialization decisions. This framework thus endogenously determines the intergenerational evolution of preference intensities and the induced preferences.Socialization, Preference Evolution, Endogenous Preferences, Cultural transmission
Cultural Formation of Preferences and Assimilation of Cultural Groups
Based on the cultural formation of continuous preferences framework of Pichler (IMW Working Paper No. 431, 2010), this paper analyzes the evolution of preferences and behavior in a two cultural groups setting. We show that the qualitative dynamic properties depend crucially on what parents perceive as the optimal preferences for their children to adopt. Under inter– generationally fixed optimal preferences, the preferences of the cultural groups will always stay distinct. If the optimal preferences coincide with those derived from the representative group behavior, then a multitude of convergence path types can realize. These contain both an inter–generational assimilation process toward the same preference point, as well as inter–generational dissimilation.Continuous Preferences, Assimilation, Cultural Groups, Endogenous Preferences, Preference Evolution, Socialization
Provenance Circuits for Trees and Treelike Instances (Extended Version)
Query evaluation in monadic second-order logic (MSO) is tractable on trees
and treelike instances, even though it is hard for arbitrary instances. This
tractability result has been extended to several tasks related to query
evaluation, such as counting query results [3] or performing query evaluation
on probabilistic trees [10]. These are two examples of the more general problem
of computing augmented query output, that is referred to as provenance. This
article presents a provenance framework for trees and treelike instances, by
describing a linear-time construction of a circuit provenance representation
for MSO queries. We show how this provenance can be connected to the usual
definitions of semiring provenance on relational instances [20], even though we
compute it in an unusual way, using tree automata; we do so via intrinsic
definitions of provenance for general semirings, independent of the operational
details of query evaluation. We show applications of this provenance to capture
existing counting and probabilistic results on trees and treelike instances,
and give novel consequences for probability evaluation.Comment: 48 pages. Presented at ICALP'1
Tensor networks for Lattice Gauge Theories and Atomic Quantum Simulation
We show that gauge invariant quantum link models, Abelian and non-Abelian,
can be exactly described in terms of tensor networks states. Quantum link
models represent an ideal bridge between high-energy to cold atom physics, as
they can be used in cold-atoms in optical lattices to study lattice gauge
theories. In this framework, we characterize the phase diagram of a (1+1)-d
quantum link version of the Schwinger model in an external classical background
electric field: the quantum phase transition from a charge and parity ordered
phase with non-zero electric flux to a disordered one with a net zero electric
flux configuration is described by the Ising universality class.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures. Published versio
Real-time Dynamics in U(1) Lattice Gauge Theories with Tensor Networks
Tensor network algorithms provide a suitable route for tackling real-time
dependent problems in lattice gauge theories, enabling the investigation of
out-of-equilibrium dynamics. We analyze a U(1) lattice gauge theory in (1+1)
dimensions in the presence of dynamical matter for different mass and electric
field couplings, a theory akin to quantum-electrodynamics in one-dimension,
which displays string-breaking: the confining string between charges can
spontaneously break during quench experiments, giving rise to charge-anticharge
pairs according to the Schwinger mechanism. We study the real-time spreading of
excitations in the system by means of electric field and particle fluctuations:
we determine a dynamical state diagram for string breaking and quantitatively
evaluate the time-scales for mass production. We also show that the time
evolution of the quantum correlations can be detected via bipartite von Neumann
entropies, thus demonstrating that the Schwinger mechanism is tightly linked to
entanglement spreading. To present the variety of possible applications of this
simulation platform, we show how one could follow the real-time scattering
processes between mesons and the creation of entanglement during scattering
processes. Finally, we test the quality of quantum simulations of these
dynamics, quantifying the role of possible imperfections in cold atoms, trapped
ions, and superconducting circuit systems. Our results demonstrate how
entanglement properties can be used to deepen our understanding of basic
phenomena in the real-time dynamics of gauge theories such as string breaking
and collisions.Comment: 15 pages, 25 figures. Published versio
New bulk scalar field solutions in brane worlds
We use nonlinear perturbation theory to obtain new solutions for brane world
models that incorporate a massive bulk scalar field. We then consider tensor
perturbations and show that Newtonian gravity is recovered on the brane for
both a light scalar field and for a bulk field with large negative mass. This
latter result points to the viability of higher-derivative theories of gravity
in the context of bulk extra dimensions.Comment: 4+\epsilon pages, no figure
Answer Set Solving with Bounded Treewidth Revisited
Parameterized algorithms are a way to solve hard problems more efficiently,
given that a specific parameter of the input is small. In this paper, we apply
this idea to the field of answer set programming (ASP). To this end, we propose
two kinds of graph representations of programs to exploit their treewidth as a
parameter. Treewidth roughly measures to which extent the internal structure of
a program resembles a tree. Our main contribution is the design of
parameterized dynamic programming algorithms, which run in linear time if the
treewidth and weights of the given program are bounded. Compared to previous
work, our algorithms handle the full syntax of ASP. Finally, we report on an
empirical evaluation that shows good runtime behaviour for benchmark instances
of low treewidth, especially for counting answer sets.Comment: This paper extends and updates a paper that has been presented on the
workshop TAASP'16 (arXiv:1612.07601). We provide a higher detail level, full
proofs and more example
Raman response of Stage-1 graphite intercalation compounds revisited
We present a detailed in-situ Raman analysis of stage-1 KC8, CaC6, and LiC6
graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) to unravel their intrinsic finger print.
Four main components were found between 1200 cm-1 and 1700 cm-1, and each of
them were assigned to a corresponding vibrational mode. From a detailed line
shape analysis of the intrinsic Fano-lines of the G- and D-line response we
precisely determine the position ({\omega}ph), line width ({\Gamma}ph) and
asymmetry (q) from each component. The comparison to the theoretical calculated
line width and position of each component allow us to extract the
electron-phonon coupling constant of these compounds. A coupling constant
{\lambda}ph < 0.06 was obtained. This highlights that Raman active modes alone
are not sufficient to explain the superconductivity within the electron-phonon
coupling mechanism in CaC6 and KC8.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
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