Massachusetts Attorney\u27s Oath: History That Should Not Be Repeated

Massachusetts proudly boasts that it has one of the oldest versions of the Attorney’s Oath in the United States. However, the Oath contains phrases that reflect both gender and religious biases. The use of the masculine form within the text, as well as the reference to God, reflect the nation’s history of intolerance and ignorance. These phrases exclude a large portion of the legal community and act as a distraction from the true purpose of an attorney’s oath, which is to remind incoming lawyers of their ethical obligations. This Article focuses primarily on the need for Massachusetts to adopt a newer version of the Attorney’s Oath. Additionally, this Article proposes a new Oath to adopt, reflecting modern society’s ethical beliefs by utilizing language that is progressive and inclusive of all attorneys

VEGETATION LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT OF “NATURAL RESERVE OF CHIARONE”, MASSACIUCCOLI LAKE BASIN (TUSCANY, IT)

The Massaciuccoli Lake is located in NW of Tuscany (Italy) (43°50’N 10°19’E) and it is integral part of the Regional Park of San Rossore, Migliarino and Massaciuccoli. This endorheic lake and the surrounding marshlands, with over 2,000 hectares of surface, form the largest retrodunal wetland of Tuscany. Over the last century this ecological system has undergone profound changes both because of land drainage, both because of the industrial and agricultural development of the surrounding areas that have heavily polluted lake, whose waters are still affected by serious eutrophication and ecological degradation. In order to preserve the great natural value of the lake in 1979, with the birth of the regional protected area, was established in the marshy area around the village of Massaciuccoli, the "Natural Reserve of Chiarone"(100 ha). Since 1985 the association LIPU (Italian League for Bird Protection) has obtained the management of the reserve, and its activity is directed to purposes of environmental education, environmental restoration, monitoring and conservation of specific habitats. This report shows the results of several years of investigation on the main vegetational types and their diachronic tranformations, the presence and distribution of endemic/rare/protected species, the changes on the structure of floating islands of peats and the main actions of conservation and management of these wetlands. The vegetation landscape is mainly formed by a mosaic of Phragmitetum australis Gams 1927, Cladietum marisci (Allorge 1922) Zobrist 1935, Typhetum angustifoliae Pignatti 1953, Myriophyllo-Nupharetum Koch 1926, and a large spread of microwoods of hygrophilous phanerophytes as Alnus glutinosa, Frangula alnus, Salix sp.pl. A particular aspect of this lake environment are the "aggallati", floating islands of peat incurred by intertwining rhizomes of straws. Above these peatlands often develop communities of Sphagnum sp.pl, Osmunda regalis L. and Thelypteris palustris Schott (Fig.1). The monitoring of these environments has highlighted the importance of ongoing management, in relation to the maintenance of certain habitats, through periodic cuttings, such as Sphagnum bogs, the control of exotic fauna such as Myocastor coypus, particularly damaging for Cladietum meadows and the special maintenance of the islands, whose structural peculiarity has lately been severely damaged catastrophic weather event

Three-Dimensional (3D) Modelling and Optimization for Multipurpose Analysis and Representation of Ancient Statues

The technological advances that have developed in the field of threedimensional (3D) survey and modelling allow us to digitally and accurately preserve many significant heritage assets that are at risk. With regard to museum assets, extensive digitalization projects aim at achieving multilingual digital libraries accessible to everyone. A first trend is geared to the use of 3D models for further specialized studies, acquiring and processing virtual detailed copies as close as possible to the shape and contents of the real one. On the other hand, many museums look today for more interactive and immersive exhibitions, which involve the visitors’ emotions, and this has contributed to the increase in the use of virtual reality and 3D models in museums installations. In this paper, we present two case studies that belong to these scenarios. Multisensor surveys have been applied to some archeological statues preserved in two museums for multipurpose analyses and representation: a UTI test, which required high detailed data about the geometry of the object, and a communicative application, which needed instead a high level of model optimization, poor geometry, but very good representation that was achieved through remeshing tools and normal maps

Measurement of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations with a High-Density Detector

We propose an experiment to test the hypothesis that the reported anomaly on atmospheric neutrino fluxes is due to nu_mu nu_x oscillations. It will rely both on a disappearance technique, exploiting the method of the dependence of the event rate on L/E, which was recently shown to be effective for detection of neutrino oscillation and measurement of the oscillation parameters, and on an appearance technique, looking for an excess of muon-less events at high energy produced by upward-going tau neutrinos. The detector will consist of iron planes interleaved by limited streamer tubes. The total mass will be about 30 kt. The possibility of recuperating most of the instrumentation from existing detectors allows to avoid R&D phases and to reduce construction time. In four years of data taking, this experiment will be sensitive to oscillations nu_mu nu_x with Delta m^2 > 10^-4 eV^2 and a mixing near to maximal, and answer the question whether nu_x is a sterile or a tau neutrino

Film cooling adiabatic effectiveness measurements of pressure side trailing edge cooling configurations

Nowadays total inlet temperature of gas turbine is far above the permissible metal temperature; as a consequence, advanced cooling techniques must be applied to protect from thermal stresses, oxidation and corrosion the components located in the high pressure stages, such as the blade trailing edge. A suitable design of the cooling system for the trailing edge has to cope with geometric constraints and aerodynamic demands; state-of-the-art of cooling concepts often use film cooling on blade pressure side: the air taken from last compressor stages is ejected through discrete holes or slots to provide a cold layer between hot mainstream and the blade surface. With the goal of ensuring a satisfactory lifetime of blades, the design of efficient trailing edge film cooling schemes and, moreover, the possibility to check carefully their behavior, are hence necessary to guarantee an appropriate metal temperature distribution. For this purpose an experimental survey was carried out to investigate the film covering performance of different pressure side trailing edge cooling systems for turbine blades. The experimental test section consists of a scaled-up trailing edge model installed in an open loop suction type test rig. Measurements of adiabatic effectiveness distributions were carried out on three trailing edge cooling system configurations. The baseline geometry is composed by inclined slots separated by elongated pedestals; the second geometry shares the same cutback configuration, with an additional row of circular film cooling holes located upstream; the third model is equipped with three rows of in-line film cooling holes. Experiments have been performed at nearly ambient conditions imposing several blowing ratio values and using carbon dioxide as coolant in order to reproduce a density ratio close to the engine conditions (DR=1.52). To extend the validity of the survey a comparison between adiabatic effectiveness measurements and a prediction by correlative approach was performed to compare the experimental results with 1D methodologies