Research and Design of an X-Band UHF Power Amplifier

Introduction. A method for designing power amplifiers for use in the transmitting channels of X-band transceiver modules is investigated. The design process was aimed at optimizing the relationship between the basic amplifier characteristics, including the operating frequency band, output power level, output linearity, high harmonics suppression, etc.  Aim. Investigation of a method for designing an X-band UHF power amplifier, which is capable of optimizing the relationship between its main characteristics.  Materials and methods. Theoretical calculations were combined with experimental studies into the design of a UHF power amplifier. The stages of the design process are described in detail, including major ideas, principal circuits, and strip circuits. Evaluations were conducted using the Keysight ADS high frequency circuit simulation tool.  Results. A method for designing X-band UHF power amplifiers on the basis of a close combination of theory, simulation, and experimental adjustment was described in detail.  Conclusion. A prototype of an X-band PA was developed; an approach to developing a methodology for manufacturing, measuring, and testing X-band PAs is described.Introduction. A method for designing power amplifiers for use in the transmitting channels of X-band transceiver modules is investigated. The design process was aimed at optimizing the relationship between the basic amplifier characteristics, including the operating frequency band, output power level, output linearity, high harmonics suppression, etc.  Aim. Investigation of a method for designing an X-band UHF power amplifier, which is capable of optimizing the relationship between its main characteristics.  Materials and methods. Theoretical calculations were combined with experimental studies into the design of a UHF power amplifier. The stages of the design process are described in detail, including major ideas, principal circuits, and strip circuits. Evaluations were conducted using the Keysight ADS high frequency circuit simulation tool.  Results. A method for designing X-band UHF power amplifiers on the basis of a close combination of theory, simulation, and experimental adjustment was described in detail.  Conclusion. A prototype of an X-band PA was developed; an approach to developing a methodology for manufacturing, measuring, and testing X-band PAs is described

Impact of foaming conditions on quality for foam-mat drying of Butterfly pea flower by multiple regression analysis

In recent years, the Butterfly pea flower has been increasingly interested in its color and function. However, the preservation of the extract faced many difficulties; therefore, foam drying technology was applied to solve this problem. The study was conducted to determine the effect of foaming conditions, including albumin ratio, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ratio, and whipping time on foam characteristics. At the same time, the multi-dimensional regression method was also used to determine the most suitable foaming conditions for the following process. The research results showed that all 3 factors strongly influenced the foaming process of pea flower extract. It could be concluded that the most suitable condition for foaming is to use 9.3% albumin, 0.79% CMC and stir for 19 min. Under these conditions, the foam expansion and stability were 584.79% and 96.44% respectively. The powder obtained from the foam drying of Butterfly pea flower extract was also analyzed for quality. The temperature of 65 oC for 4 hrs gave relatively high-quality powder with protein content, anthocyanin and antioxidant activity of 9.89 g/100g, 1.15 mg/g and 87.34% respectively. In conclusion, the foam-mat dried powder from butterfly pea flower extract is suitable for other processing processes, especially in the processing of folk cakes, pasta and bread industry

Influence Of Fabrication Condition on the Microstructural and Optical Properties of Lead-Free Ferroelectric Bi0.5_{0.5}Na0.5_{0.5}TiO3_{3} Materials

Lead-free ferroelectric materials have attracted considerable attention due to the increasing potential application in environmental benign materials. Among lead-free ferroelectric materials, the Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) materials were more studied because it exhibited the good ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties which could be promising candidate materials replacing Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. In this work, the lead-free ferroelectric BNT materials were synthesized by sol-gel method. The effects of fabrication process to microstructural and optical properties were studied which includes Na precursor concentration and calcining temperature. The result indicated that the Na precursor concentration were higher 40 mol.% and the calcining temperature

Синтез алгоритма траекторной обработки объектов методами теории кластеризации данных

Introduction.  Requirements for the quality of information about the trajectory of moving objects provided by sensor networks are increasingly becoming more stringent. For Information and Data Processing Centers (DPC) at control and management command posts, the issue of information mapping and forming the true trajectories of moving objects in the area of intersection of network detection zones is of particular importance. The use of conventional approaches to solving this problem involves issues  related to ensuring the efficient provision of users with complete and reliable information about trajectories in real time. In this article, wee propose a new approach to solving this problem using data mining theory, in particular, the methods of data clustering theory. Based on an analysis of the process of processing radar data in a DPC and its similarity with that of data clustering, we synthesized an algorithm for processing the trajectories of moving objects. The algorithm was verified by modelling and experimental research.Aim.  To develop a generalized scheme for processing object trajectories (TP) in a DPC and to synthesized a TP algorithm using the methods of data clustering theory.Materials  and  methods.  Data  Clustering  theory,  Systems   Engineering  theory,  Radar  Data  processing  theory (RD), methods of mathematical modelling and experimental research.Results.  Based on an analysis of the essence of radar data processing (RD) in a DPC and its similarity with the process of data clustering,  an algorithm for processing the trajectories of moving objects was synthesized and verified by modelling and experimental research. A generalized scheme for processing the trajectories of moving objects in a DPC and a TP algorithm for a DPC were synthesized.Conclusions.  An algorithm for processing object trajectories was proposed based on a new approach of data clustering theory. A generalized scheme and an algorithm for processing object trajectories (TP) in a DPC were suggested. These developments can be  effectively applied in various models, e.g. centralized, hierarchical and decentralized. The synthesized algorithm can provide output information about the true identified trajectories in terms of various indicators of data processing systems (DPS).Введение.  С  каждым  годом  становится  сложнее  совершенствовать  процесс  обработки  информации  о траекториях движения объектов, получаемой  из сенсорной сети. Этот процесс имеет особое значение для  центров обработки информации и данных (ЦОИД), в которых осуществляется контроль и управление, так как возникает вопрос сопоставления информации и формирования истинных траекторий объектов в области пересечения зон обнаружения сети. При использовании традиционных подходов  к  решению  данной  проблемы  возникают  вопросы,  связанные  с  обеспечением  эффективного  предоставления  пользователем  выходной  достоверной  траекторной  информации  в  реальном  времени.  В  данной статье предложен новый подход к решению этого вопроса на основе теории интеллектуального анализа данных (data mining) с помощью методов кластеризации данных.Цель работы. Разработка обобщенной схемы траекторной обработки (ТО) в ЦОИД и синтез алгоритма ТО с использованием методов кластеризации данных.Материалы и методы.  Теория кластеризации данных, теория системотехники,  теория обработки радиолокационной  информации  (РЛИ), методы математического моделирования и практического исследования.Результаты.  На основе анализа сущности процесса обработки  РЛИ  в ЦОИД и его сходства с процессом кластеризации  данных  синтезирован  алгоритм  траекторной  обработки  объектов,  проверенный  моделированием  и  экспериментально.  Помимо  алгоритма  синтезирована  структурная  схема  ТО  для  ЦОИД, полученной из сенсорной сети.Заключение.  Предложены обобщенная  структурная  схема  и  алгоритм  ТО  для  ЦОИД.  Они  могут  эффективно применяться для различных системных моделей ТО, таких, как  централизованная, иерархическая и децентрализованная.  Синтезированный  алгоритм  может  обеспечивать  предоставление  выходных данных об  истинных отождествленных траекториях по многим показателям системы обработки информации (СОИ)

An Aquaculture Water Checker--design and Manufacture

A real-time, mobile aquaculture water checker is presented. The configuration of double integrating spheres is developed for simultaneously measuring backward scattering $R_d$, forward scattering $T_d$  and transmitted light $T_c$. Based on Kubelka-Munk model, a set of optical parameters including absorption coefficient $\mu _a$, scattering coefficient $\mu_s$ and anisotropy  $g$  are calculated. The obtained results for diluted milk standard samples with different milk concentrations and aquaculture water samples with different densities of Psexdo-Nitzschia-delicatissium algae are also reported

Autologous Transplantation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Treat Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Evaluation of Clinical Signs, Mental Signs, and Quality of Life

BACKGROUD: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage that can cause a temporary or permanent change in spinal cord functions AIM: This work evaluates clinical signs, mental signs, and quality of life (QoL) after autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) transplantation to treat acute spinal cord injury (SCI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, 47 SCI patients were recruited and divided into two groups: intervention and control. ADSCs were isolated and cultured under the cell culture quality control procedure. All patients in both groups underwent neurosurgery with or without ADSC transplantation. The recovery regarding neurological muscle, QoL, neurogenic bladder, and mental improvement was assessed after transplantation. RESULTS: All patients had improved in terms of motor function, bladder function, and daily living. No patients reported any side effect. MRI imaging showed significant changes in the lesion length of the spinal canal and the thickening of the spinal cord. Mental improvement was highest at six months after transplantation and lowest at one month after transplantation. The proportion of patients whose quality of life improved after treatment was 100%, while 80% of patients were satisfied with treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, our data suggested that ADSCs transplantation was safe and effective for the treatment of SCI patients. Neurological muscle and neurogenic bladder were improved significantly after transplantation

Синтез обобщенного алгоритма обработки и формирования данных по отраженным сигналам от сложных целей

Introduction. The quality of input information for trajectory processing (TP) systems can be improved by increasing the measurement accuracy of radar sensors (RS). However, in such a case, radar targets acquire the characteristics of complex targets having several marks at the output of the detector. This makes it difficult to accurately assess the kinetic parameters of targets in a TP system. In this respect, the development of a generalized algorithm for processing and generating data from the reflected signals of complex targets seems a relevant research task.Aim. To investigate reasons for the formation of complex targets and, using the theory of radar image processing, to synthesize an algorithm for processing and generating data on reflected signals from a complex target.Materials and methods. The following methodological approaches were used: the theory of digital signal processing; applied theory of radar image processing; MATLAB Simulink Toolboxes for simulating radar image processing; some prerequisites for fuzzy clustering methods.Results. Following an analysis of some characteristics of complex targets and the theory of radar image processing, an generalized algorithm was synthesized for processing and generating data of reflected signals from this class of targets. The results can be used to improve the measurement accuracy of their representative point when solving the TP problem.Conclusion. Reasons for the formation of complex targets in radar technology were analyzed. Their specific features consist in the need to accurately assess a true mark. A generalized algorithm for processing and generating these signals reflected from complex targets was proposed. The results can serve as a basis for solving the TP problem.Введение. Повышение качества входной информации для системы траекторной обработки (ТО) на основе повышения точности измерений радиолокационных (РЛ) сенсоров является одним из очевидных подходов. Однако при этом РЛ-цели могут стать "сложными целями", имеющими несколько отметок на выходе обнаружителя. Это затрудняет точную оценку кинетических параметров целей в системе ТО. В статье представлены результаты синтеза обобщенного алгоритма обработки и формирования данных из отраженных сигналов сложных целей, позволяющего точно оценить кинетические параметры для решения задачи ТО.Цель работы. Краткое изучение причин формирования "сложных целей". Синтез обобщенного алгоритма обработки и формирования данных по отраженным сигналам от сложных целей на основе теории обработки РЛ-изображений.Материалы и методы. Теория цифровой обработки сигналов; прикладная теория обработки РЛ-изображений; MATLAB Simulink Toolboxes для моделирования обработки РЛ-изображений; методы нечеткой кластеризации.Результаты. На основе анализа некоторых характеристик сложных целей и теории обработки РЛ-изображений синтезирован обобщенный алгоритм обработки и формирования данных отраженных сигналов от этого класса целей, являющихся предпосылкой для точной оценки их "представительной отметки" при решении задачи ТО.Заключение. В статье проведен анализ особенностей формирования сложных целей в РЛ-технике и их особенностей при точной оценке истинной отметки; синтезирован обобщенный алгоритм обработки и формирования РЛ-сигналов, отраженных от сложных целей, являющийся основой при решении задач ТО