Essential oil of Citrus hystrix DC.: A mini-review on chemical composition, extraction method, bioactivities, and potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals

Citrus hystrix DC. is a common herb in tropical regions. Its essential oils are now widely researched and applied because of their high economic value and safety for humans and are interesting materials for future trends. This review provides an extensive overview of the biological activities of C. hystrix essential oil, characterized predominantly by citronellal, ?-Pinene, sabinene, limonene, and terpinene-4-ol, which are deciding factors in antimicrobial, antioxidant, insect repellent, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, it is applied in the fields of food preservation and pharmaceuticals. However, these applications should consider the ratio of these components in the essential oil, which is variable when using materials from different parts of the plant and depending on the original location of the plant, growth stages, traditional or modern extraction methods, and pre-treatment methods

Evaluation of genetic diversity and DNA fingerprinting of 19 standard reference rice varieties using SSR markers

Molecular markers are advanced-tools for identifying new varieties at DNA levels. According to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties ofPlants,  new breeded varieties need to be tested for the Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS), before being recognized as the new ones. Traditional DUS criteria based on 62 - 65 morphological and biochemical characteristics, which evaluated on comparison of new varieties with 19 standard reference varieties for traits of interest.  Study on the genotypic polymorphism of 19 standard reference rice varieties provides genotypic information of these varieties for the evaluation of new rice varieties based on genotyping analysis.  The reference marker set (30 markers) was used to evaluate the genetic diversity and DNA fingerprinting of 19 standard reference rice varieties. The results showed the similarity coefficient of 19 varieties varied from 0.04 to 0.548. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.1, the 19 rice varieties divided into two main groups. Group one included 3 varieties: DH1, DH5, DH13. Group 2 included the remaining 16 varieties. Inside group two, phylogenetic tree divided into two main branches at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.3. Branch 1 includes 5 varieties including DH2, DH6, DH10, DH11 and DH7. The 11 remaining varieties were in the branch 2. The most closely varieties were DH6 and DH10 with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.548. This study shows that, the standard reference varieties have high uniformity and high genotypic polymorphism, could used for testing new varieties based on genotyping by DNA fingerprinting combining with phenotype

Factors affecting Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) of banks: The case of Vietnam

This study aims to identify factors affecting Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) of commercial banks in Vietnam. To address the research problem, data of commercial banks in Vietnam from 2008 to 2017 were collected. This study applied a fixed-effects model in comparison with a random-effects model on a panel data of 200 observations. Results from the firmly fixed-effects model indicated that NPLs were positively affected by its lag of the previous year, capital structure, and interest rate. Additionally, returns on asset, inflation rate, and credit growth were found to have negative impacts on NPLs. However, impacts of firm size and gross domestic product were not found across the models. Based on the results, this research suggested several policy recommendations for the management of NPLs in the commercial banks

Effect of Creep and Shrinkage model in calculation of long-term deflection of three-span solid slab continuous prestressed concrete bridge

Shrinkage and creep effect significantly to the long-term deflection of prestressed concrete bridge. The proper shrinkage and creep models should be developed to meet the requirements of deflection effect calculation. There are many models has been researched and developed. Each specification, such as ASSHTO, Eurocode, ACI and CEB-FIB, has their own model of shrinkage and creep by considering different input parameter. The long-term deflection calculation is also different in each specification as a result. In this paper, several shrinkage and creep models were selected and reviewed to see the difference and compare by using popular concrete grade in Vietnamese bridge building     (C40 and C45, equivalent to 40 and 45 Mpa, respectively). Those selected shrinkage and creep models are applied in calculation of deflection for a typical three-span continuous solid slab prestressed concrete bridge. The calculation result show the significant different of long-term deflection and the ASSHTO shrinkage and creep model show the biggest deflection

Effect of Creep and Shrinkage model in calculation of long-term deflection of three-span solid slab continuous prestressed concrete bridge

Shrinkage and creep effect significantly to the long-term deflection of prestressed concrete bridge. The proper shrinkage and creep models should be developed to meet the requirements of deflection effect calculation. There are many models has been researched and developed. Each specification, such as ASSHTO, Eurocode, ACI and CEB-FIB, has their own model of shrinkage and creep by considering different input parameter. The long-term deflection calculation is also different in each specification as a result. In this paper, several shrinkage and creep models were selected and reviewed to see the difference and compare by using popular concrete grade in Vietnamese bridge building     (C40 and C45, equivalent to 40 and 45 Mpa, respectively). Those selected shrinkage and creep models are applied in calculation of deflection for a typical three-span continuous solid slab prestressed concrete bridge. The calculation result show the significant different of long-term deflection and the ASSHTO shrinkage and creep model show the biggest deflection

sFuzz: An efficient adaptive fuzzer for solidity smart contracts

Ministry of Education, Singapore under its Academic Research Funding Tier

Application of Regional Ocean Modeling System for hydrodynamics in Binh Cang-Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam

Based on the data collected at the Cau Da station, the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is applied for hydrodynamics (e.g. circulation and temperature-salinity) in Binh Cang - Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam. The results present the several cases of hydrodynamic regimes in the Bay during two mainly monsoon seasons (northeast and southwest monsoons). The clearly hydrodynamic regime occurs in the bay due to the impacts of rivers and monsoon conditions. These changes could be contributed to the hydrodynamic systems and water exchanges, that support basic scientific information for sustainable development of Binh Cang - Nha Trang bay