423 research outputs found
Reversible phase transformation and doubly-charged anions at the surface of simple cubic RbC60
The simple cubic phase of a RbC60 thin film has been studied using
photoelectron spectroscopy. The simple cubic-to-dimer transition is found to be
reversible at the film surface. A sharp Fermi edge is observed and a lower
limit of 0.5 eV is found for the surface Hubbard U, pointing to a
strongly-correlated metallic character of thin-film simple cubic RbC60. A
molecular charge state is identified in the valence band and core level
photoemission spectra which arises from C602- anions and contributes to the
spectral intensity at the Fermi level.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
Nano-yttria in oxide dispersion strengthened tungsten under alpha particle irradation
Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys, particularly steels and tungsten with yttria nanoparticles, have been proved to be a new class of high-strength nuclear material. We developed a simple model of an ODS tungsten alloy to study the primary damage produced by alpha particle irradiation on it. We show that the size of yttria nanoparticles embedded in a tungsten matrix is an important quantity to take into account under alpha particle irradiation. We explain the observed behaviors and we establish a critical scale parameter for the model we use, making a comparison with bulk tungsten.Fil: Petaccia, Mauricio Germán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Gervasoni, Juana Luisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentin
Reply to AlQasimi, E.; Mahdi, T.-F. Comment on “Aureli et al. Review of Historical Dam-Break Events and Laboratory Tests on Real Topography for the Validation of Numerical Models. Water 2021, 13, 1968”
This is the reply to the comments by Mahdi (2021) on the classification attributed to the
Lake Ha! Ha! real-field test case by Aureli et al. (2021) in their review of historical dam-break
events useful for the validation of dam-break numerical models. While admitting that this test case
is affected by the data shortcomings reported by the Discusser, in the authors’ opinion, it should
remain included in the group of well-documented test cases due to the large and complete dataset
available in digital format. This conclusion is also supported by the fact that the Lake Ha! Ha! case
was chosen as a benchmark in the framework of the 2001–2004 IMPACT (Investigation of Extreme
Flood Processes and Uncertainty) European project and was then widely used in the literature for the
validation of one-dimensional and two-dimensional geomorphic flood models
Review of Historical Dam-Break Events and Laboratory Tests on Real Topography for the Validation of Numerical Models
Dam break inundation mapping is essential for risk management and mitigation, emergency
action planning, and potential consequences assessment. To quantify flood hazard associated
with dam failures, flooding variables must be predicted by efficient and robust numerical models
capable to effectively cope with the computational difficulties posed by complex flows on real topographies.
Validation against real-field data of historical dam-breaks is extremely useful to verify
models’ capabilities and accuracy. However, such catastrophic events are rather infrequent, and
available data on the breaching mechanism and downstream flooding are usually inaccurate and
incomplete. Nevertheless, in some cases, real-field data collected after the event (mainly breach
size, maximum water depths and flood wave arrival times at selected locations, water marks, and
extent of flooded areas) are adequate to set up valuable and significant test cases, provided that all
other data required to perform numerical simulations are available (mainly topographic data of the
floodable area and input parameters defining the dam-break scenario). This paper provides a review
of the historical dam-break events for which real-field datasets useful for validation purposes can
be retrieved in the literature. The resulting real-field test cases are divided into well-documented
test cases, for which extensive and complete data are already available, and cases with partial or
inaccurate datasets. Type and quality of the available data are specified for each case. Finally, validation
data provided by dam-break studies on physical models reproducing real topographies are
presented and discussed. This review aims at helping dam-break modelers: (a) to select the most
suitable real-field test cases for validating their numerical models, (b) to facilitate data access by
indicating relevant bibliographic references, and (c) to identify test cases of potential interest worthy
of further research
Electronic Structure Shift of Deep Nanoscale Silicon by SiO- vs. SiN-Embedding as Alternative to Impurity Doping
Conventional impurity doping of deep nanoscale silicon (dns-Si) used in ultra
large scale integration (ULSI) faces serious challenges below the 14 nm
technology node. We report on a new fundamental effect in theory and
experiment, namely the electronic structure of dns-Si experiencing energy
offsets of ca. 1 eV as a function of SiO- vs. SiN-embedding with a
few monolayers (MLs). An interface charge transfer (ICT) from dns-Si specific
to the anion type of the dielectric is at the core of this effect and arguably
nested in quantum-chemical properties of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) vs. Si. We
investigate the size up to which this energy offset defines the electronic
structure of dns-Si by density functional theory (DFT), considering interface
orientation, embedding layer thickness, and approximants featuring two Si
nanocrystals (NCs); one embedded in SiO and the other in SiN.
Working with synchrotron ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), we use
SiO- vs. SiN-embedded Si nanowells (NWells) to obtain their energy
of the top valence band states. These results confirm our theoretical findings
and gauge an analytic model for projecting maximum dns-Si sizes for NCs,
nanowires (NWires) and NWells where the energy offset reaches full scale,
yielding to a clear preference for electrons or holes as majority carriers in
dns-Si. Our findings can replace impurity doping for n/p-type dns-Si as used in
ultra-low power electronics and ULSI, eliminating dopant-related issues such as
inelastic carrier scattering, thermal ionization, clustering, out-diffusion and
defect generation. As far as majority carrier preference is concerned, the
elimination of those issues effectively shifts the lower size limit of Si-based
ULSI devices to the crystalization limit of Si of ca. 1.5 nm and enables them
to work also under cryogenic conditions.Comment: 14 pages, 17 Figures with a total 44 graph
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