Les femmes politiques à la télévision. Quel accès à la parole légitime ?

Quel est le lien entre la sous-représentation politique des femmes et leur accès à la parole légitime dans les débats télévisés ? Une analyse des émissions de débat de 1966 à 1999 permet de montrer que la télévision épouse les évolutions sociales, mais que son suivisme (en tant qu’institution, sinon comme lieu de débat public) tend à légitimer l’exclusion politique des femmes, qui risquent de rester minoritaires dans l’accès à la parole, malgré l’introduction de la parité.What is the link between women’s under-representation in politics and their access to legitimate expression in televised debates? An analysis of TV debate programmes from 1966 to 1999 shows that television keeps up with social change, but that its conformist approach (as an institution, if not as a site for public debate) tends to legitimise the political exclusion of women, who are still likely to be in a minority in public debate, despite the introduction of parity in politics.¿ Cuál es la relación entre la sub-representación política de las mujeres y el acceso de ellas a la palabra legítima en los debates televisuales ? Un análisis de los debates entre 1966 y 1999 permite mostrar que la televisión sigue las evoluciones sociales, pero que su conformismo (como institución, al no ser un espacio de debate público) tiende a legitimar la exclusión política de las mujeres que corren el riesgo de mantenerse minoritarias en el acceso a la palabra, pese a la introducción de la paridad

Quality of life assessment in women with breast cancer: benefits, acceptability and utilization

In 2006, breast cancer was the third leading cause of death in American women; however, more women survive breast cancer than any other type of cancer. As the disease progresses, it is important to know how one's health-related quality of life (QOL) is affected for those who receive treatment, those who survive, and those who remain disease-free. The purpose of this study was to summarize the benefits, challenges, and barriers of QOL measurement for female breast cancer patients. A PubMed literature search was conducted using the terms "quality of life" and "breast cancer." The search was then refined with terms related to QOL assessment instruments. The research team reviewed over 100 of the 2,090 articles identified

Impact of Empire Expansion on Household Diet: The Inka in Northern Chile's Atacama Desert

The impact of expanding civilization on the health of American indigenous societies has long been studied. Most studies have focused on infections and malnutrition that occurred when less complex societies were incorporated into more complex civilizations. The details of dietary change, however, have rarely been explored. Using the analysis of starch residues recovered from coprolites, here we evaluate the dietary adaptations of indigenous farmers in northern Chile's Atacama Desert during the time that the Inka Empire incorporated these communities into their economic system. This system has been described as “complementarity” because it involves interaction and trade in goods produced at different Andean elevations. We find that as local farming societies adapted to this new asymmetric system, a portion of their labor had to be given up to the Inka elite through a corvée tax system for maize production. In return, the Inka system of complementarity introduced previously rare foods from the Andean highlands into local economies. These changes caused a disruption of traditional communities as they instituted a state-level economic system on local farmers. Combined with previously published infection information for the same populations under Inka rule, the data suggest that there may have been a dual health impact from disruption of nutrition and introduction of crowd disease

Impact of empire expansion on household diet: the Inka in Northern Chile\u27s Atacama Desert

The impact of expanding civilization on the health of American indigenous societies has long been studied. Most studies have focused on infections and malnutrition that occurred when less complex societies were incorporated into more complex civilizations. The details of dietary change, however, have rarely been explored. Using the analysis of starch residues recovered from coprolites, here we evaluate the dietary adaptations of indigenous farmers in northern Chile\u27s Atacama Desert during the time that the Inka Empire incorporated these communities into their economic system. This system has been described as complementarity because it involves interaction and trade in goods produced at different Andean elevations. We find that as local farming societies adapted to this new asymmetric system, a portion of their labor had to be given up to the Inka elite through a corvée tax system for maize production. In return, the Inka system of complementarity introduced previously rare foods from the Andean highlands into local economies. These changes caused a disruption of traditional communities as they instituted a state-level economic system on local farmers. Combined with previously published infection information for the same populations under Inka rule, the data suggest that there may have been a dual health impact from disruption of nutrition and introduction of crowd disease

bMagazine 2020

bMagazine is part annual report and part showcase of people thinking bigger and thinking differently about what's possible in communities across the Bush Foundation's region of Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and the 23 Native nations that share that geography

Improving Early Antibiotic Administration for Treatment of Sepsis at Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU: 2012-2019

Background: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommends initiating IV antibiotic administration within one hour of recognition of severe sepsis. Several studies have shown that prompt blood culture collection, administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and fluid resuscitation following recognition improves child survival. Objective: Our goal was to evaluate effectiveness of sepsis initiatives and institutional changes in the timing of early antibiotic administration at Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU. Methods: We formed a Pediatric Sepsis Committee with representatives from each unit in 2013. In 2016, the committee began tracking time from the order of a first stat dose IV antibiotic to administration as a marker of early treatment and reviewed data on a monthly basis with run charts for overall and unit-specific data. Other interventions included improved availability of antibiotics in automated dispensing machines, sepsis screening and alert systems, sepsis huddles, and auto-generated pages to charge nurses upon order of stat IV antibiotics. We included percent of stat antibiotics administered in less than one hour from order across all pediatric units since 2012. Results: Across all units, the centerline of first dose stat antibiotics delivered within one hour improved from a baseline of 34% in 2012 to 76% in 2019. The NICU and PICU centerlines improved by 53% and 48%, respectively since 2012. The Pediatric ED improved from 66% in 2012 to 84% in 2016. The Acute Care Pediatrics (ACP) Unit centerline improved from 24% in 2012 to 50% in 2017. Conclusion: Time from order to stat antibiotic administration has improved in all units receiving quality improvement initiatives. These improvements have been made possible by widespread emphasis on the dangers of untreated sepsis, multidisciplinary collaboration between nursing and physician staff, structural pharmacy changes and electronic alerts. Further studies are needed to determine impact on patient outcomes

An integrated clinical program and crowdsourcing strategy for genomic sequencing and Mendelian disease gene discovery.

Despite major progress in defining the genetic basis of Mendelian disorders, the molecular etiology of many cases remains unknown. Patients with these undiagnosed disorders often have complex presentations and require treatment by multiple health care specialists. Here, we describe an integrated clinical diagnostic and research program using whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing (WES/WGS) for Mendelian disease gene discovery. This program employs specific case ascertainment parameters, a WES/WGS computational analysis pipeline that is optimized for Mendelian disease gene discovery with variant callers tuned to specific inheritance modes, an interdisciplinary crowdsourcing strategy for genomic sequence analysis, matchmaking for additional cases, and integration of the findings regarding gene causality with the clinical management plan. The interdisciplinary gene discovery team includes clinical, computational, and experimental biomedical specialists who interact to identify the genetic etiology of the disease, and when so warranted, to devise improved or novel treatments for affected patients. This program effectively integrates the clinical and research missions of an academic medical center and affords both diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients suffering from genetic disease. It may therefore be germane to other academic medical institutions engaged in implementing genomic medicine programs

UBVRI Light Curves of 44 Type Ia Supernovae

We present UBVRI photometry of 44 type-Ia supernovae (SN Ia) observed from 1997 to 2001 as part of a continuing monitoring campaign at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. The data set comprises 2190 observations and is the largest homogeneously observed and reduced sample of SN Ia to date, nearly doubling the number of well-observed, nearby SN Ia with published multicolor CCD light curves. The large sample of U-band photometry is a unique addition, with important connections to SN Ia observed at high redshift. The decline rate of SN Ia U-band light curves correlates well with the decline rate in other bands, as does the U-B color at maximum light. However, the U-band peak magnitudes show an increased dispersion relative to other bands even after accounting for extinction and decline rate, amounting to an additional ~40% intrinsic scatter compared to B-band.Comment: 84 authors, 71 pages, 51 tables, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. Version with high-res figures and electronic data at http://astron.berkeley.edu/~saurabh/cfa2snIa

Development of SNP markers present in expressed genes of the plant-pathogen interaction: Theobroma cacao - Moniliophtora perniciosa

We report the detection, validation and analysis of SNPs in the plant-pathogen interaction between cacao and Moniliophthora perniciosa ESTs using resequencing. This analysis in 73 EST sequences allowed the identification of 185 SNPs, 57% of them corresponding to transversion, 29% to transition and 14% to indels. The ESTs containing SNPs were classified into 14 main functional categories. After validation, 91 SNPs were confirmed, categorized and the parameters of nucleotide diversity and haplotype were calculated. Haplotype-based gene diversity and polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.559 to 0.56 and 0.115 to 0.12; respectively. Also, it was the advantage when considering haplotypes structure for each locus in place of single SNPs. Most of the gene fragments had a major haplotype combined to a series of low frequency haplotypes. Thus, the re-sequencing approach proved to be a valuable resource to identify useful SNPs for wide genetic applications. Furthermore, the cacao genome sequence availability allow a positional selection of DNA fragments to be re-sequenced enhancing the usefulness of the discovered SNPs. These results indicate the potential use of SNPs markers to identify allelic status of cacao resistance genes through marker-assisted selection to support the development of promising genotypes with high resistance to witch's broom disease. (Résumé d'auteur

Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche.

Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a complex hypothalamic-pituitary-hormonal regulation, but the mechanisms that determine pubertal timing and underlie its links to disease risk remain unclear. Here, using genome-wide and custom-genotyping arrays in up to 182,416 women of European descent from 57 studies, we found robust evidence (P < 5 × 10(-8)) for 123 signals at 106 genomic loci associated with age at menarche. Many loci were associated with other pubertal traits in both sexes, and there was substantial overlap with genes implicated in body mass index and various diseases, including rare disorders of puberty. Menarche signals were enriched in imprinted regions, with three loci (DLK1-WDR25, MKRN3-MAGEL2 and KCNK9) demonstrating parent-of-origin-specific associations concordant with known parental expression patterns. Pathway analyses implicated nuclear hormone receptors, particularly retinoic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid-B2 receptor signalling, among novel mechanisms that regulate pubertal timing in humans. Our findings suggest a genetic architecture involving at least hundreds of common variants in the coordinated timing of the pubertal transition