31,226 research outputs found
Quarkonia in Hamiltonian Light-Front QCD
A constituent parton picture of hadrons with logarithmic confinement
naturally arises in weak coupling light-front QCD. Confinement provides a mass
gap that allows the constituent picture to emerge. The effective renormalized
Hamiltonian is computed to , and used to study charmonium and
bottomonium. Radial and angular excitations can be used to fix the coupling
, the quark mass , and the cutoff . The resultant hyperfine
structure is very close to experiment.Comment: 9 pages, 1 latex figure included in the text. Published version (much
more reader-friendly); corrected error in self-energ
Note on restoring manifest rotational symmetry in hyperfine and fine structure in light-front QED
We study the part of the renormalized, cutoff QED light-front Hamiltonian
that does not change particle number. The Hamiltonian contains interactions
that must be treated in second-order bound state perturbation theory to obtain
hyperfine structure. We show that a simple unitary transformation leads
directly to the familiar Breit-Fermi spin-spin and tensor interactions, which
can be treated in degenerate first-order bound-state perturbation theory, thus
simplifying analytic light-front QED calculations. To the order in momenta we
need to consider, this transformation is equivalent to a Melosh rotation. We
also study how the similarity transformation affects spin-orbit interactions.Comment: 17 pages, latex fil
Monitoring and control of atmosphere in a closed environment
Applications requiring new technologies for atmosphere monitoring and control in the closed environment and their principal functions aboard the Space Station Freedom are described. Oxygen loop closure, involving the conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen; carbon dioxide reduction and removal; and monitoring of atmospheric contamination are discussed. The Trace Contaminant Monitor, the Major Constituent Analyzer, the Carbon Dioxide Monitor, and the Particulate Counter Monitor are discussed
Operator Evolution via the Similarity Renormalization Group I: The Deuteron
Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) flow equations can be used to
unitarily soften nuclear Hamiltonians by decoupling high-energy intermediate
state contributions to low-energy observables while maintaining the natural
hierarchy of many-body forces. Analogous flow equations can be used to
consistently evolve operators so that observables are unchanged if no
approximations are made. The question in practice is whether the advantages of
a softer Hamiltonian and less correlated wave functions might be offset by
complications in approximating and applying other operators. Here we examine
the properties of SRG-evolved operators, focusing in this paper on applications
to the deuteron but leading toward methods for few-body systems. We find the
advantageous features generally carry over to other operators with additional
simplifications in some cases from factorization of the unitary transformation
operator.Comment: 33 pages, 19 figures. Improved figures 17 and 18. Expanded comments
on OPE in tex
Operator Evolution via the Similarity Renormalization Group I: The Deuteron
Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) flow equations can be used to
unitarily soften nuclear Hamiltonians by decoupling high-energy intermediate
state contributions to low-energy observables while maintaining the natural
hierarchy of many-body forces. Analogous flow equations can be used to
consistently evolve operators so that observables are unchanged if no
approximations are made. The question in practice is whether the advantages of
a softer Hamiltonian and less correlated wave functions might be offset by
complications in approximating and applying other operators. Here we examine
the properties of SRG-evolved operators, focusing in this paper on applications
to the deuteron but leading toward methods for few-body systems. We find the
advantageous features generally carry over to other operators with additional
simplifications in some cases from factorization of the unitary transformation
operator.Comment: 33 pages, 19 figures. Improved figures 17 and 18. Expanded comments
on OPE in tex
Are low-energy nuclear observables sensitive to high-energy phase shifts?
Conventional nucleon-nucleon potentials with strong short-range repulsion
require contributions from high-momentum wave function components even for
low-energy observables such as the deuteron binding energy. This can lead to
the misconception that reproducing high-energy phase shifts is important for
such observables. Interactions derived via the similarity renormalization group
decouple high-energy and low-energy physics while preserving the phase shifts
from the starting potential. They are used to show that high-momentum
components (and high-energy phase shifts) can be set to zero when using
low-momentum interactions, without losing information relevant for low-energy
observables.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures; reference and acknowledgment adde
Sources of sport confidence, imagery type and performance among competitive athletes: The mediating role of sports confidence
Aim: This study explored the mediating role of sport confidence upon (1) sources of sport confidence-performance relationship and (2) imagery-performance relationship. Methods: Participants were 157 competitive athletes who completed state measures of confidence level/sources, imagery type and performance within one hour after competition. Results: Among the current sample, confirmatory factor analysis revealed appropriate support for the nine-factor SSCQ and the five-factor SIQ. Mediational analysis revealed that sport confidence had a mediating influence upon the achievement source of confidence-performance relationship. In addition, both cognitive and motivational imagery types were found to be important sources of confidence, as sport confidence mediated imagery type-performance relationship. Conclusion: Findings indicated that athletes who construed confidence from their own achievements and report multiple images on a more frequent basis are likely to benefit from enhanced levels of state sport confidence and subsequent performance
- …