2,235 research outputs found
Creative economy, authenticity and peripheral memories: the favela souvenirs in Rio de Janeiro
The aim is to examine the economic and cultural roles of the favela souvenirs for Rio de Janeiroâs slums, with the focus on the work of a male artist from Santa Teresa (an old neighbourhood, on the top tod a hill in the central region of the city, with great tourist appeal and strong contrast between mansions and one of the poorest and most violent communities of Rio). The main argument indicates that favela souvenirs generate income and jobs not only for craft workers, but indirectly for tourist guides, food services and other creative sectors connected to the favela tourism. When these souvenirs are original and truth-telling, they may stimulate a better perception of the favelas in tourists and consolidate them as tourist destinations, despite the aggravation of violence in many slums in Rio de Janeiro. Favela souvenirs also carry the memories of the cityâs periphery, which is sometimes seen as secondary in Rio de Janeiroâs long-established tourist images and âgeneric souvenirsâ. They offer greater visibility to the cultural production of marginalized social groups, which fuels potentially transformative views about the favelas and bring about the discussion on the lives of those who live in these areas. In the case of the work of the considered artist, it is possible to say that his paintings have elements of the âobjective authenticityâ of souvenirs, which contrast with a preconceived idea of an âimaginary favelaâ in his treatment of Santa Teresaâs poorest communities. However, there are some aspects of standardization in his pictorial production and simulation in the process of elaboration of the artistâs work during touristsâ visits to his studio
Molecular analysis of the E2F/DP gene family of Daucus carota and involvement of the DcE2F1 factor in cell proliferation
E2F transcription factors are key components of the RB/E2F pathway that, through the action of cyclin-dependent kinases, regulates cell cycle progression in both plants and animals. Moreover, plant and animal E2Fs have also been shown to regulate other cellular functions in addition to cell proliferation. Based on structural and functional features, they can be divided into different classes that have been shown to act as activators or repressors of E2F-dependent genes. Among the first plant E2F factors to be reported, we previously described DcE2F1, an activating E2F which is expressed in cycling carrot (Daucus carota) cells. In this study, we describe the identification of the additional members of the E2F/DP family of D. carota, which includes four typical E2Fs, three atypical E2F/DEL genes, and three related DP genes. Expression analyses of the carrot E2F and DP genes reveal distinctive patterns and suggest that the functions of some of them are not necessarily linked to cell proliferation. DcE2F1 was previously shown to transactivate an E2F-responsive promoter in transient assays but the functional role of this protein in planta was not defined. Sequence comparisons indicate that DcE2F1 could be an ortholog of the AtE2FA factor of Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, ectopic expression of the DcE2F1 cDNA in transgenic Arabidopsis plants is able to upregulate AtE2FB and promotes cell proliferation, giving rise to polycotyly with low frequency, effects that are highly similar to those observed when over-expressing AtE2FA. These results indicate that DcE2F1 is involved in the control of cell proliferation and plays important roles in the regulation of embryo and plant development
The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in WMAP data
Using WMAP 5 year data, we look for the average Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
(SZE) signal from clusters of galaxies by stacking the regions around hundreds
of known X-ray clusters. We detect the average SZE at a very high significance
level. The average cluster signal is spatially resolved in the W band. This
mean signal is compared with the expected signal from the same clusters
calculated on the basis of archival ROSAT data. From the comparison we conclude
that the observed SZE seems to be less than the expected signal derived from
X-ray measurements when a standard beta-model is assumed for the gas
distribution. This conclusion is model dependent. Our predictions depend mostly
on the assumptions made about the core radius of clusters and the slope of the
gas density profile. Models with steeper profiles are able to simultaneously
fit both X-ray and WMAP data better than a beta-model. However, the agreement
is not perfect and we find that it is still difficult to make the X-ray and SZE
results agree. A model assuming point source contamination in SZE clusters
renders a better fit to the one-dimensional SZE profiles thus suggesting that
contamination from point sources could be contributing to a diminution of the
SZE signal. Selecting a model that better fits both X-ray and WMAP data away
from the very central region, we estimate the level of contamination and find
that on average, the point source contamination is on the level of 16 mJy (at
41 GHz), 26 mJy (at 61 GHz) and 18 mJy (at 94 GHz). These estimated fluxes are
marginally consistent with the estimated contamination derived from radio and
infrared surveys thus suggesting that the combination of a steeper gas profile
and the contribution from point sources allows us to consistently explain the
X-ray emission and SZE in galaxy clusters as measured by ROSAT and WMAP.Comment: 17 pages and 17 figures. Submited to MNRA
Lensing Magnification: Implications for Counts of Submillimeter Galaxies and SZ Clusters
We study lensing magnification of source galaxies by intervening galaxy
groups and clusters using a halo model. Halos are modeled with truncated NFW
profiles with ellipticity added to their lensing potential and propagated to
observable lensing statistics. We present the formalism to calculate observable
effects due to a distribution of halos of different masses at different
redshifts along the l ine of sight. We calculate the effects of magnification
on the number counts of high-redshift galaxies. Using BLAST survey data for
submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), we find that magnification affects the steep,
high flux par t of the counts by about 60%. The effect becomes much stronger if
the intrinsic distribution is signi ficantly steeper than observed. We also
consider the effect of this high-redshift galaxy population on contaminating
the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signal of massive clusters using the halo model
approach. We find that for the majority of clusters expected to be detected
with ongoing SZ surveys, there is significant contamination from the Poisson
noise due to background SMGs. This contr ibution can be comparable to the SZ
increment for typical clusters and can also contaminate the SZ decrement of low
mass clusters. Thus SZ observations, especially for the increment part of the
SZ spectrum, need to include careful modeling of this irreducible contamination
for mass estimation. Lensing further enhances the contamination, especially
close to the cores of massive clusters and for very disturbed clusters with
large magnification cross-section.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures, Submitted to MNRA
Diseño curricular de los contenidos de MorfologĂa Vegetal, SistemĂĄtica Vegetal y ZoologĂa AgrĂcola, en la Tecnicatura Universitaria en AgroecologĂa
El currĂculum en acciĂłn es la Ășltima expresiĂłn de su valor, pues, en definitiva, es en la prĂĄctica donde todo proyecto, idea e intenciĂłn, se hace realidad, manifiesta y adquiere significaciĂłn. Iniciada en el año 2022 la Tecnicatura Universitaria en AgroecologĂa es una carrera con una duraciĂłn propuesta de dos años y medio, orientada al diseño, manejo y gestiĂłn de agroecosistemas conforme a los principios de la agroecologĂa. Como parte de la tecnicatura el curso Componentes de la Agrobiodiversidad es un espacio curricular del primer cuatrimestre del primer año. Esta asignatura propone un abordaje de los elementos constitutivos de la biodiversidad de los agroecosistemas a travĂ©s de unidades temĂĄticas, donde MorfologĂa Vegetal, SistemĂĄtica Vegetal y ZoologĂa AgrĂcola son parte fundamental. De acuerdo a los objetivos y propĂłsitos buscados en estas unidades se desarrollaron modalidades de enseñanza teĂłrico-prĂĄcticas, con actividades de observaciĂłn y manipulaciĂłn de materiales. Las prĂĄcticas presenciales y sobre todo las de observaciĂłn/laboratorio permiten una mayor integraciĂłn de los contenidos teĂłricos con los prĂĄcticos (la observaciĂłn es la actividad fundamental de las clases) sumado a la utilizaciĂłn del aula virtual como herramienta comunicacional de gran valor en la dinĂĄmica mixta de la presencialidad-virtualidad.EspecializaciĂłn en Docencia UniversitariaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale
Carcinoma de endometrio de alto riesgo en estadios iniciales:
IntroducciĂłn: En Argentina el cĂĄncer de endometrio es el segundo tumor ginecolĂłgico mĂĄs frecuente, representando el 6% de todos los cĂĄnceres en mujeres. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los resultados oncolĂłgicos y perioperatorios, en pacientes con cĂĄncer de endometrio de alto riesgo (CEAR) limitados al Ăștero tratadas en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires entre enero 2010-2018.
MĂ©todos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo que evaluĂł los resultados perioperatorios, la supervivencia libre de enfermedad a los 2, 4 años en pacientes con CEAR. Â
Resultados: 74 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusiĂłn. Los tumores serosos fueron los mĂĄs frecuente n=38 (51%), mientras que los desdiferenciados, los de menor frecuencia, n=2 (3%). 56 (76%) pacientes recibieron al menos un tratamiento adyuvante. El tratamiento sistĂ©mico fue implementado en 28 pacientes (38%), mientras que 24 (33%) recibieron una combinaciĂłn de quimioterapia y radioterapia. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 2,9 años. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad, en pacientes con estadio IA a los 2 y 4 años fue de 71% (IC 95% 55-82) y 63 % (IC 46 -76) respectivamente, mientras que aquellas que presentaban un estadio IB fue de 53 (IC 95% 33-70) y 38 (IC 95% 19-58). En cuanto a la vĂa quirĂșrgica de abordaje, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la supervivencia libre de enfermedad ni en las complicaciones perioperatorias.
ConclusiĂłn: SĂłlo el estadio FIGO mostrĂł un aumento en la probabilidad de muerte o recaĂda independientemente del tipo de tratamiento adyuvante realizado y de la vĂa de abordaje seleccionada
In tobacco BY-2 cells xyloglucan oligosaccharides alter the expression of genes involved in cell wall metabolism, signalling, stress responses, cell division and transcriptional control
Xyloglucan oligosaccharides (XGOs) are breakdown products of XGs, the most abundant hemicelluloses of the primary cell walls of non-Poalean species. Treatment of cell cultures or whole plants with XGOs results in accelerated cell elongation and cell division, changes in primary root growth, and a stimulation of defence responses. They may therefore act as signalling molecules regulating plant growth and development. Previous work suggests an interaction with auxins and effects on cell wall loosening, however their mode of action is not fully understood. The effect of an XGO extract from tamarind (Tamarindus indica) on global gene expression was therefore investigated in tobacco BY-2 cells using microarrays. Over 500 genes were differentially regulated with similar numbers and functional classes of genes up- and down-regulated, indicating a complex interaction with the cellular machinery. Up-regulation of a putative XG endotransglycosylase/hydrolase-related (XTH) gene supports the mechanism of XGO action through cell wall loosening. Differential expression of defence-related genes supports a role for XGOs as elicitors. Changes in the expression of genes related to mitotic control and differentiation also support previous work showing that XGOs are mitotic inducers. XGOs also affected expression of several receptor-like kinase genes and transcription factors. Hence, XGOs have significant effects on expression of genes related to cell wall metabolism, signalling, stress responses, cell division and transcriptional control
An exact model of conformal quintessence
A non--minimally coupled quintessence model is investigated and the
conditions for a stationary solution to the coincidence problem are obtained.
For a conformally coupled scalar field and dissipative matter, a general
solution possessing late acceleration is found. It fits rather well the high
redshift supernovae data and gives a good prediction of the age of the
Universe. Likewise, the cold dark matter component dominates the cosmological
perturbations at late times albeit they decrease with expansion.Comment: 19 pages, RevTeX 4, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Planck Intermediate Results. IV. The XMM-Newton validation programme for new Planck galaxy clusters
We present the final results from the XMM-Newton validation follow-up of new
Planck galaxy cluster candidates. We observed 15 new candidates, detected with
signal-to-noise ratios between 4.0 and 6.1 in the 15.5-month nominal Planck
survey. The candidates were selected using ancillary data flags derived from
the ROSAT All Sky Survey (RASS) and Digitized Sky Survey all-sky maps, with the
aim of pushing into the low SZ flux, high-z regime and testing RASS flags as
indicators of candidate reliability. 14 new clusters were detected by XMM,
including 2 double systems. Redshifts lie in the range 0.2 to 0.9, with 6
clusters at z>0.5. Estimated M500 range from 2.5 10^14 to 8 10^14 Msun. We
discuss our results in the context of the full XMM validation programme, in
which 51 new clusters have been detected. This includes 4 double and 2 triple
systems, some of which are chance projections on the sky of clusters at
different z. We find that association with a RASS-BSC source is a robust
indicator of the reliability of a candidate, whereas association with a FSC
source does not guarantee that the SZ candidate is a bona fide cluster.
Nevertheless, most Planck clusters appear in RASS maps, with a significance
greater than 2 sigma being a good indication that the candidate is a real
cluster. The full sample gives a Planck sensitivity threshold of Y500 ~ 4 10^-4
arcmin^2, with indication for Malmquist bias in the YX-Y500 relation below this
level. The corresponding mass threshold depends on z. Systems with M500 > 5
10^14 Msun at z > 0.5 are easily detectable with Planck. The newly-detected
clusters follow the YX-Y500 relation derived from X-ray selected samples.
Compared to X-ray selected clusters, the new SZ clusters have a lower X-ray
luminosity on average for their mass. There is no indication of departure from
standard self-similar evolution in the X-ray versus SZ scaling properties.
(abridged)Comment: accepted by A&
Planck intermediate results. XXIX. All-sky dust modelling with Planck, IRAS, and WISE observations
We present all-sky modelling of the high resolution Planck, IRAS, and WISE
infrared (IR) observations using the physical dust model presented by Draine
and Li in 2007 (DL). We study the performance and results of this model, and
discuss implications for future dust modelling. The present work extends the DL
dust modelling carried out on nearby galaxies using Herschel and Spitzer data
to Galactic dust emission. We employ the DL dust model to generate maps of the
dust mass surface density, the optical extinction Av, and the starlight
intensity parametrized by Umin. The DL model reproduces the observed spectral
energy distribution (SED) satisfactorily over most of the sky, with small
deviations in the inner Galactic disk and in low ecliptic latitude areas. We
compare the DL optical extinction Av for the diffuse interstellar medium with
optical estimates for 2 10^5 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) observed in the Sloan
digital sky survey. The DL Av estimates are larger than those determined
towards QSOs by a factor of about 2, which depends on Umin. The DL fitting
parameter Umin, effectively determined by the wavelength where the SED peaks,
appears to trace variations in the far-IR opacity of the dust grains per unit
Av, and not only in the starlight intensity. To circumvent the model
deficiency, we propose an empirical renormalization of the DL Av estimate,
dependent of Umin, which compensates for the systematic differences found with
QSO observations. This renormalization also brings into agreement the DL Av
estimates with those derived for molecular clouds from the near-IR colours of
stars in the 2 micron all sky survey. The DL model and the QSOs data are used
to compress the spectral information in the Planck and IRAS observations for
the diffuse ISM to a family of 20 SEDs normalized per Av, parameterized by
Umin, which may be used to test and empirically calibrate dust models.Comment: Final version that has appeared in A&
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