368 research outputs found
The fundamental issues in the controversy of the policy paradigms: Policies, theories, and underpinnings
Whether or not paradigm (1), as a word, is or is not an overstatement, in this essay I will identify the differences between and the sources of two policy programs. From the journalistic (popular) standpoint, policy differences stand out most vividly when programs are compared. But often the real differences lie at the underpinnings. What are these underpinnings? Are they at the theory level (where most economists generally believe such matters start), or do they appear, as I believe, long before particular theories are selected and examined? Should one dispense with opening the examination at the theoretical level? Indeed, is the study of where to start (at the level of policy, at the level of theory, or even deeper) really the economist's problem? Had this better be left to methodologists and philosophers? I think not (2). I undertake a different course and suggest that we start not with the theories but with the consideration of two policy programs, which I will try to synthesize. Thereafter, I will use personal nouns to describe the theoretical tents housing these policies. Finally, I hope that we can agree on looking at the ground where the underpinnings are anchored. In so doing, I find myself in good methodological company. Hayek, for one, endorses this method (1). I term my two basic policy groups the Kiel-Schumpeter Policy Set and the Principal Keynesian Policy Set. The former I associate with the views of Herbert Giersch, although he has repeatedly suggested that he got them from his reading of the works of Joseph A. Schumpeter. The latter, as the concept is expressed, draws more than a little from Alan Coddington's metaphor, the Hydraulic Keynesians [Coddington, 1976, pp. 1263-1267].
Seventy-four Christian experiences: a comparative study of experiences from four different traditions
In our investigation of religious experiences, one interesting set of questions is, âDo
Christians of different kinds - Catholic, âMiddle-of-the-Roadâ, Evangelical or Charismatic,
have different kinds of religious experiences, or have them in different circumstances? Do
some of them tend, more than others, to see visions of the Virgin, or of Jesus, have
âconversionâ experiences or find themselves in mystical or strange sensory states?â. Professor Lawrence Brown, a former Director of the Religious Experience Research Centre,
and Professor Michael Argyle, then a Trustee, suggested that I might carry out a study to
examine and compare the experiences of current members of a wide variety of Christian
churches, and three members of the Alister Hardy Society were approached who kindly
agreed to help with a pilot. I decided to use as my technique the un-timed, unstructured interview, supplemented if
necessary by questions designed only to clarify and elucidate. As a former personal
counsellor, I was aware of the necessity of being warm, non-judgemental and empathetically
(and in this context silently) encouraging. I asked my volunteers to tell me about any
ârelatively short, intense spiritual experienceâ they might have had, the attendant
circumstances and any possible âtriggersâ, and what had been the final effects or outcomes. To provide some quantitative data it was proposed to ask participants to rate aspects of
their experiences on a scale of 1 to 5
Capturing the temporal sequence of interaction in young siblings
We explored whether young children exhibit subtypes of behavioral sequences during sibling interaction. Ten-minute, free-play observations of over 300 sibling dyads were coded for positivity, negativity and disengagement. The data were analyzed using growth mixture modeling (GMM). Younger (18-month-old) childrenâs temporal behavioral sequences showed a harmonious (53%) and a casual (47%) class. Older (approximately four-year-old) childrenâs behavior was more differentiated revealing a harmonious (25%), a deteriorating (31%), a recovery (22%) and a casual (22%) class. A more positive maternal affective climate was associated with more positive patterns. Siblingsâ sequential behavioral patterns tended to be complementary rather than reciprocal in nature. The study illustrates a novel use of GMM and makes a theoretical contribution by showing that young children exhibit distinct types of temporal behavioral sequences that are related to parenting processes
A survey of X-ray emission from 100 kpc radio jets
We have completed a Chandra snapshot survey of 54 radio jets that are
extended on arcsec scales. These are associated with flat spectrum radio
quasars spanning a redshift range z=0.3 to 2.1. X-ray emission is detected from
the jet of approximately 60% of the sample objects. We assume minimum energy
and apply conditions consistent with the original Felten-Morrison calculations
in order to estimate the Lorentz factors and the apparent Doppler factors. This
allows estimates of the enthalpy fluxes, which turn out to be comparable to the
radiative luminosities.Comment: Conference Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 313, Extragalactic jets from
every angle, pp. 219-224, 4 figure
Gaylord Produce Removal Machine
This Final Design Review Report outlines the senior design project that began Winter Quarter of 2021 at California Polytechnic State University. Our team consists of three mechanical engineers and a general engineer, working together to design, build, and test a product for Alameda County Food Bank. The goal of the final product is to relieve volunteers and employees of tedious manual labor and increase efficiency during the removal of produce from large Gaylord containers. This document describes background research, the objectives of the project, chosen concept design, analysis and initial prototyping of said concept, the final design, and verification prototype and testing
BL Lac X-ray Spectra: simpler than we thought
We report results from {\it XMM-Newton} observations of thirteen X-ray bright
BL Lacertae objects, selected from the {\it Einstein} Slew Survey sample. The
spectra are generally well fit by power-law models, with four objects having
hard () spectra that indicates
synchrotron peaks at keV. None of our spectra show line features,
indicating that soft X-ray absorption ``notches'' must be rare amongst BL Lacs,
rather than common or ubiquitous as had previously been asserted. We find
significant curvature in most of the spectra. This curvature is almost
certainly intrinsic, as it appears nearly constant from 0.5 to 6 keV, an
observation which is inconsistent with the small columns seen in these sources.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure; to be published in proceedings of the Cozumel
meeting on "Multiwavelength Surveys for AGN", Cozumel 200
Polarimetry and the High-Energy Emission Mechanisms in Quasar Jets. The Case of PKS 1136-135
Since the discovery of kiloparsec-scale X-ray emission from quasar jets, the
physical processes responsible for their high-energy emission have been poorly
defined. A number of mechanisms are under active debate, including synchrotron
radiation, inverse-Comptonized CMB (IC/CMB) emission, and other Comptonization
processes. In a number of cases, the optical and X-ray emission of jet regions
are inked by a single spectral component, and in those, high- resolution
multi-band imaging and polarimetry can be combined to yield a powerful
diagnostic of jet emission processes. Here we report on deep imaging photometry
of the jet of PKS 1136135 obtained with the {\it Hubble Space Telescope.} We
find that several knots are highly polarized in the optical, with fractional
polarization . When combined with the broadband spectral shape
observed in these regions, this is very difficult to explain via IC/CMB models,
unless the scattering particles are at the lowest-energy tip of the electron
energy distribution, with Lorentz factor , and the jet is also
very highly beamed () and viewed within a few degrees of the
line of sight. We discuss both the IC/CMB and synchrotron interpretation of the
X-ray emission in the light of this new evidence, presenting new models of the
spectral energy distribution and also the matter content of this jet. The high
polarizations do not completely rule out the possibility of IC/CMB
optical-to-X-ray emission in this jet, but they do strongly disfavor the model.
We discuss the implications of this finding, and also the prospects for future
work.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, ApJ in pres
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