Релятивистское приближение для определения положений минимумов дифференциальных сечений и точек полной спиновой поляризации процесса упругого рассеяния электронов на тяжелых атомах

Пропонується метод оптичного потенціалу для описання процесу потенціального пружного розсіювання електронів багатоелектронними атомами з релятивістською поправкою до обмінної взаємодії. Ця поправка також використовується при самоузгоджених розрахунках атомних характеристик та величини дипольної статичної поляризовності атома-мішені. Підхід базується на наближенні локальної густини теорії функціонала густини та застосовується для розрахунку енергій та кутів особливостей у диференціальних перерізах і функціях спінової поляризації — відповідно критичних мінімумів та точок повної (100%) поляризації — при розсіюванні електронів на атомах ртуті в широкій, 10–1500 еВ, області енергій зіткнень.The optical potential approach has been suggested to describe the process of potential elastic electron scattering by a multielectron atom with the relativistic correction to the exchange interaction. This correction is also used for the self-consistent calculation of atomic characteristics and the target atom dipole static polarizability. The above approach is based on the local density approximation of the density functional theory. It is applied to calculate the energies and angles of the features in the differential cross sections and spin polarization functions, i.e. the critical minima and the points of total (100%) polarization of the electron scattering by Hg atoms in the wide (10–1500 eV) impact energy range

Replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil blends in feeds for greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) juveniles: effect on growth performance, feed efficiency, tissue fatty acid composition and flesh nutritional value

[EN] This study was undertaken to assess the effects of fish oil (FO) substitution by a mixture of alternative vegetable oils (VO) on Seriola dumerili culture performance. A 154-day feeding experiment was conducted using juveniles (39.2 +/- 1.6g average weight). Three isolipidic and isoenergetic meal-based diets were formulated varying their lipid component. The control diet contained 100% FO (FO100), whereas diets VO50 and VO100 included 1/2 of oil blend and all the oil from blend of palm oil (PO) and linseed oil (LO) as substitute for FO, respectively. Dietary regime did not significantly affect growth performance, biometric indices, feed efficiency, plasma chemistry and liver and muscle lipid contents. Nonetheless, dietary VO inclusion impacted on the fatty acid profile of target tissues, especially in the liver. Fatty acid profiles of the fillets reflected those of the dietary oils except that there was apparent selective utilization of palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1n-9) and apparent selective retention of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3). The nutritional value and the potential ability to prevent the development of coronary heart diseases of the flesh lipid fraction decreased with gradual FO substitution.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN), Grant/Award Number: AGL2011-30547-C03-02Monge-Ortiz, R.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Rodriguez-Barreto, D.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Perez, J.; Jover Cerda, M.; Lorenzo, A. (2018). Replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil blends in feeds for greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) juveniles: effect on growth performance, feed efficiency, tissue fatty acid composition and flesh nutritional value. Aquaculture Nutrition. 24(1):605-615. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12595S605615241Abrami, G., Natiello, F., Bronzi, P., McKenzie, D., Bolis, L., & Agradi, E. (1992). A comparison of highly unsaturated fatty acid levels in wild and farmed eels (Anguilla Anguilla). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 101(1-2), 79-81. doi:10.1016/0305-0491(92)90161-jAlves Martins, D., Rocha, F., Martínez-Rodríguez, G., Bell, G., Morais, S., Castanheira, F., … Conceição, L. E. C. (2011). Teleost fish larvae adapt to dietary arachidonic acid supply through modulation of the expression of lipid metabolism and stress response genes. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(5), 864-874. doi:10.1017/s0007114511006143Bell, J. G., McEvoy, J., Tocher, D. R., McGhee, F., Campbell, P. J., & Sargent, J. R. (2001). Replacement of Fish Oil with Rapeseed Oil in Diets of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Affects Tissue Lipid Compositions and Hepatocyte Fatty Acid Metabolism. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(5), 1535-1543. doi:10.1093/jn/131.5.1535Bell, J. G., McGhee, F., Campbell, P. J., & Sargent, J. R. (2003). Rapeseed oil as an alternative to marine fish oil in diets of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): changes in flesh fatty acid composition and effectiveness of subsequent fish oil «wash out». Aquaculture, 218(1-4), 515-528. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00462-3Bell, J. G., & Sargent, J. R. (2003). Arachidonic acid in aquaculture feeds: current status and future opportunities. Aquaculture, 218(1-4), 491-499. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00370-8Bell, J. G., Tocher, D. R., Henderson, R. J., Dick, J. R., & Crampton, V. O. (2003). Altered Fatty Acid Compositions in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fed Diets Containing Linseed and Rapeseed Oils Can Be Partially Restored by a Subsequent Fish Oil Finishing Diet. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(9), 2793-2801. doi:10.1093/jn/133.9.2793Benedito-Palos, L., Navarro, J. C., Sitjà-Bobadilla, A., Gordon Bell, J., Kaushik, S., & Pérez-Sánchez, J. (2008). High levels of vegetable oils in plant protein-rich diets fed to gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.): growth performance, muscle fatty acid profiles and histological alterations of target tissues. British Journal of Nutrition, 100(5), 992-1003. doi:10.1017/s0007114508966071Benedito-Palos, L., Saera-Vila, A., Calduch-Giner, J.-A., Kaushik, S., & Pérez-Sánchez, J. (2007). Combined replacement of fish meal and oil in practical diets for fast growing juveniles of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.): Networking of systemic and local components of GH/IGF axis. Aquaculture, 267(1-4), 199-212. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.011BOURAOUI, L., SÁNCHEZ-GURMACHES, J., CRUZ-GARCIA, L., GUTIÉRREZ, J., BENEDITO-PALOS, L., PÉREZ-SÁNCHEZ, J., & NAVARRO, I. (2010). Effect of dietary fish meal and fish oil replacement on lipogenic and lipoprotein lipase activities and plasma insulin in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(1), 54-63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00706.xBowyer, J. N., Qin, J. G., Smullen, R. P., Adams, L. R., Thomson, M. J. S., & Stone, D. A. J. (2013). The use of a soy product in juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) feeds at different water temperatures: 1. Solvent extracted soybean meal. Aquaculture, 384-387, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.12.005Bowyer, J. N., Qin, J. G., Smullen, R. P., & Stone, D. A. J. (2012). Replacement of fish oil by poultry oil and canola oil in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) at optimal and suboptimal temperatures. Aquaculture, 356-357, 211-222. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.05.014Bowyer, J. N., Rout-Pitt, N., Bain, P. A., Stone, D. A. J., & Schuller, K. A. (2012). Dietary fish oil replacement with canola oil up-regulates glutathione peroxidase 1 gene expression in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 162(4), 100-106. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.04.002Collins, G. M., Ball, A. S., Qin, J. G., Bowyer, J. N., & Stone, D. A. J. (2012). Effect of alternative lipids and temperature on growth factor gene expression in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). Aquaculture Research, 45(7), 1236-1245. doi:10.1111/are.12067Coz-Rakovac, R., Smuc, T., Topic Popovic, N., Strunjak-Perovic, I., Hacmanjek, M., & Jadan, M. (2008). Novel methods for assessing fish blood biochemical data. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 24(1), 77-80. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.01041.xCraig, S. R., Washburn, B. S., & Gatlin, III, D. M. (1999). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 21(3), 249-255. doi:10.1023/a:1007843420128DÍAZ-LÓPEZ, M., PÉREZ, M. J., ACOSTA, N. G., TOCHER, D. R., JEREZ, S., LORENZO, A., & RODRÍGUEZ, C. (2009). Effect of dietary substitution of fish oil byEchiumoil on growth, plasma parameters and body lipid composition in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(5), 500-512. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00616.xFountoulaki, E., Vasilaki, A., Hurtado, R., Grigorakis, K., Karacostas, I., Nengas, I., … Alexis, M. N. (2009). Fish oil substitution by vegetable oils in commercial diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.); effects on growth performance, flesh quality and fillet fatty acid profile. Aquaculture, 289(3-4), 317-326. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.023Gisbert, E., Giménez, G., Fernández, I., Kotzamanis, Y., & Estévez, A. (2009). Development of digestive enzymes in common dentex Dentex dentex during early ontogeny. Aquaculture, 287(3-4), 381-387. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.039Glencross, B. D. (2009). Exploring the nutritional demand for essential fatty acids by aquaculture species. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1(2), 71-124. doi:10.1111/j.1753-5131.2009.01006.xGlencross, B., Blyth, D., Irvin, S., Bourne, N., Campet, M., Boisot, P., & Wade, N. M. (2016). An evaluation of the complete replacement of both fishmeal and fish oil in diets for juvenile Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture, 451, 298-309. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.09.012Grigorakis, K. (2007). Compositional and organoleptic quality of farmed and wild gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and factors affecting it: A review. Aquaculture, 272(1-4), 55-75. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.062Henderson, R. J. (1996). Fatty acid metabolism in freshwater fish with particular reference to polyunsaturated fatty acids. Archiv für Tierernaehrung, 49(1), 5-22. doi:10.1080/17450399609381859Huang, S. S. Y., Oo, A. N., Higgs, D. A., Brauner, C. J., & Satoh, S. (2007). Effect of dietary canola oil level on the growth performance and fatty acid composition of juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major. Aquaculture, 271(1-4), 420-431. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.06.004Izquierdo, M. S., Obach, A., Arantzamendi, L., Montero, D., Robaina, L., & Rosenlund, G. (2003). Dietary lipid sources for seabream and seabass: growth performance, tissue composition and flesh quality. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(6), 397-407. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00270.xKaushik, S. J., Covès, D., Dutto, G., & Blanc, D. (2004). Almost total replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources in the diet of a marine teleost, the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquaculture, 230(1-4), 391-404. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00422-8Khankari, N. K., Bradshaw, P. T., Steck, S. E., He, K., Olshan, A. F., Shen, J., … Gammon, M. D. (2015). Dietary intake of fish, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and survival after breast cancer: A population-based follow-up study on Long Island, New York. Cancer, 121(13), 2244-2252. doi:10.1002/cncr.29329Khaoian, P., Nguyen, H. P., Ogita, Y., Fukada, H., & Masumoto, T. (2014). Taurine supplementation and palm oil substitution in low-fish meal diets for young yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Aquaculture, 420-421, 219-224. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.11.012Kiessling, K.-H., & Kiessling, A. (1993). Selective utilization of fatty acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) red muscle mitochondria. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(2), 248-251. doi:10.1139/z93-035Kowalska, A., Zakęś, Z., Siwicki, A. K., Jankowska, B., Jarmołowicz, S., & Demska-Zakęś, K. (2011). Impact of diets with different proportions of linseed and sunflower oils on the growth, liver histology, immunological and chemical blood parameters, and proximate composition of pikeperch Sander lucioperca (L.). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(2), 375-388. doi:10.1007/s10695-011-9514-zLech, G. P., & Reigh, R. C. (2012). Plant Products Affect Growth and Digestive Efficiency of Cultured Florida Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) Fed Compounded Diets. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e34981. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034981Lemaire, P., Drai, P., Mathieu, A., Lemaire, S., Carrière, S., Giudicelli, J., & Lafaurie, M. (1991). Changes with different diets in plasma enzymes (GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP) and plasma lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides) of sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 93(1), 63-75. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(91)90205-lLin, H., Chen, X., Chen, S., Zhuojia, L., Huang, Z., Niu, J., … Lu, X. (2011). Replacement of fish meal with fermented soybean meal in practical diets for pompanoTrachinotus ovatus. Aquaculture Research, 44(1), 151-156. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.03000.xMazzola, A., Favaloro, E., & Sarà, G. (2000). Cultivation of the Mediterranean amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810), in submerged cages in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Aquaculture, 181(3-4), 257-268. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00243-4Menoyo, D., Izquierdo, M. S., Robaina, L., Ginés, R., Lopez-Bote, C. J., & Bautista, J. M. (2004). Adaptation of lipid metabolism, tissue composition and flesh quality in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) to the replacement of dietary fish oil by linseed and soyabean oils. British Journal of Nutrition, 92(1), 41-52. doi:10.1079/bjn20041165Mourente, G., & Bell, J. G. (2006). Partial replacement of dietary fish oil with blends of vegetable oils (rapeseed, linseed and palm oils) in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) over a long term growth study: Effects on muscle and liver fatty acid composition and effectiveness of a fish oil finishing diet. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 145(3-4), 389-399. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.08.012Mozanzadeh, M. T., Agh, N., Yavari, V., Marammazi, J. G., Mohammadian, T., & Gisbert, E. (2016). Partial or total replacement of dietary fish oil with alternative lipid sources in silvery-black porgy (Sparidentex hasta). Aquaculture, 451, 232-240. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.09.022Nguyen, H. P., Khaoian, P., Fukada, H., Suzuki, N., & Masumoto, T. (2013). Feeding fermented soybean meal diet supplemented with taurine to yellowtailSeriola quinqueradiataaffects growth performance and lipid digestion. Aquaculture Research, 46(5), 1101-1110. doi:10.1111/are.12267Peng, S., Chen, L., Qin, J. G., Hou, J., Yu, N., Long, Z., … Sun, X. (2008). Effects of replacement of dietary fish oil by soybean oil on growth performance and liver biochemical composition in juvenile black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Aquaculture, 276(1-4), 154-161. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.01.035Pérez, J. A., Rodríguez, C., Bolaños, A., Cejas, J. R., & Lorenzo, A. (2014). Beef tallow as an alternative to fish oil in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles: Effects on fish performance, tissue fatty acid composition, health and flesh nutritional value. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 116(5), 571-583. doi:10.1002/ejlt.201300457Piedecausa, M. A., Mazón, M. J., García García, B., & Hernández, M. D. (2007). Effects of total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils in the diets of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo). Aquaculture, 263(1-4), 211-219. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.039Regost, C., Arzel, J., Robin, J., Rosenlund, G., & Kaushik, S. . (2003). Total replacement of fish oil by soybean or linseed oil with a return to fish oil in turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture, 217(1-4), 465-482. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00259-4Richard, N., Mourente, G., Kaushik, S., & Corraze, G. (2006). Replacement of a large portion of fish oil by vegetable oils does not affect lipogenesis, lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquaculture, 261(3), 1077-1087. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.07.021Rossi, W., & Davis, D. A. (2012). Replacement of fishmeal with poultry by-product meal in the diet of Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus L. Aquaculture, 338-341, 160-166. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.01.026Ruyter, B., Moya-Falcón, C., Rosenlund, G., & Vegusdal, A. (2006). Fat content and morphology of liver and intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Effects of temperature and dietary soybean oil. Aquaculture, 252(2-4), 441-452. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.014Saito, H. (2012). Lipid characteristics of two subtropical Seriola fishes, Seriola dumerili and Seriola rivoliana, with differences between cultured and wild varieties. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1718-1729. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.122SALES, J., & GLENCROSS, B. (2011). A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary marine oil replacement with vegetable oils on growth, feed conversion and muscle fatty acid composition of fish species. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(2), e271-e287. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00761.xSARKER, M. S. A., SATOH, S., KAMATA, K., HAGA, Y., & YAMAMOTO, Y. (2011). Partial replacement of fish meal with plant protein sources using organic acids to practical diets for juvenile yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18(1), 81-89. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00880.xSENO-O, A., TAKAKUWA, F., HASHIGUCHI, T., MORIOKA, K., MASUMOTO, T., & FUKADA, H. (2008). Replacement of dietary fish oil with olive oil in young yellowtailSeriola quinqueradiata: effects on growth, muscular fatty acid composition and prevention of dark muscle discoloration during refrigerated storage. Fisheries Science, 74(6), 1297-1306. doi:10.1111/j.1444-2906.2008.01655.xSicuro, B., & Luzzana, U. (2016). The State ofSeriola spp.Other Than Yellowtail (S. quinqueradiata) Farming in the World. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 24(4), 314-325. doi:10.1080/23308249.2016.1187583Simopoulos, A. P. (2008). The Importance of the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Cardiovascular Disease and Other Chronic Diseases. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 233(6), 674-688. doi:10.3181/0711-mr-311Simopoulos, A. P. (2011). Importance of the Omega-6/Omega-3 Balance in Health and Disease: Evolutionary Aspects of Diet. Healthy Agriculture, Healthy Nutrition, Healthy People, 10-21. doi:10.1159/000327785Simopoulos, A. (2016). An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk for Obesity. Nutrients, 8(3), 128. doi:10.3390/nu8030128STUBHAUG, I., LIE, Ø., & TORSTENSEN, B. E. (2007). Fatty acid productive value and ?-oxidation capacity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed on different lipid sources along the whole growth period. Aquaculture Nutrition, 13(2), 145-155. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00462.xTacon, A. G. J., & Metian, M. (2008). Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: Trends and future prospects. Aquaculture, 285(1-4), 146-158. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.015Takakuwa, F., Fukada, H., Hosokawa, H., & Masumoto, T. (2006). Optimum digestible protein and energy levels and ratio for greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (Risso) fingerling. Aquaculture Research, 37(15), 1532-1539. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01590.xTocher, D. R. (2010). Fatty acid requirements in ontogeny of marine and freshwater fish. Aquaculture Research, 41(5), 717-732. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02150.xTOMAS, A., DE LA GANDARA, F., GARCIA-GOMEZ, A., PEREZ, L., & JOVER, M. (2005). Utilization of soybean meal as an alternative protein source in the Mediterranean yellowtail, Seriola dumerili. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11(5), 333-340. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2005.00365.xTorstensen, B. E., Froyland, L., & Lie, O. (2004). Replacing dietary fish oil with increasing levels of rapeseed oil and olive oil - effects on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) tissue and lipoprotein lipid composition and lipogenic enzyme activities. Aquaculture Nutrition, 10(3), 175-192. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00289.xTorstensen, B. E., Lie, Ø., & Frøyland, L. (2000). Lipid metabolism and tissue composition in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)—Effects of capelin oil, palm oil, and oleic acid-enriched sunflower oil as dietary lipid sources. Lipids, 35(6), 653-664. doi:10.1007/s11745-000-0570-6TRUSHENSKI, J., SCHWARZ, M., LEWIS, H., LAPORTE, J., DELBOS, B., TAKEUCHI, R., & SAMPAIO, L. A. (2011). Effect of replacing dietary fish oil with soybean oil on production performance and fillet lipid and fatty acid composition of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(2), e437-e447. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00779.xTucker, J. W., Lellis, W. A., Vermeer, G. K., Roberts, D. E., & Woodward, P. N. (1997). The effects of experimental starter diets with different levels of soybean or menhaden oil on red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aquaculture, 149(3-4), 323-339. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(96)01448-2Turan, H. (2007). Fatty acid profile and proximate composition of the thornback ray (Raja clavata, L. 1758) from the Sinop coast in the Black Sea. Journal of Fisheries Sciences.com, 1(2), 97-103. doi:10.3153/jfscom.2007012Turchini, G. M., Torstensen, B. E., & Ng, W.-K. (2009). Fish oil replacement in finfish nutrition. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1(1), 10-57. doi:10.1111/j.1753-5131.2008.01001.xUlbricht, T. L. V., & Southgate, D. A. T. (1991). Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. The Lancet, 338(8773), 985-992. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)91846-mUYAN, O., KOSHIO, S., ISHIKAWA, M., YOKOYAMA, S., UYAN, S., REN, T., & HERNANDEZ, L. H. H. (2009). The influence of dietary phospholipid level on the performances of juvenile amberjack,Seriola dumerili, fed non-fishmeal diets. Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(5), 550-557. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00621.xVidal, A. T., De la Gándara García, F., Gómez, A. G., & Cerdá, M. J. (2008). Effect of the protein/energy ratio on the growth of Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerili). Aquaculture Research, 39(11), 1141-1148. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01975.xWood, J. ., Richardson, R. ., Nute, G. ., Fisher, A. ., Campo, M. ., Kasapidou, E., … Enser, M. (2004). Effects of fatty acids on meat quality: a review. Meat Science, 66(1), 21-32. doi:10.1016/s0309-1740(03)00022-

Mini Z' Burst from Relic Supernova Neutrinos and Late Neutrino Masses

In models in which neutrinos are light, due to a low scale of symmetry breaking, additional light bosons are generically present. We show that the interaction between diffuse relic supernova neutrinos (RSN) and the cosmic background neutrinos, via exchange of these light scalars, can result in a dramatic change of the supernova (SN) neutrinos flux. Measurement of this effect with current or future experiments can provide a spectacular direct evidence for the low scale models. We demonstrate how the observation of neutrinos from SN1987A constrains the symmetry breaking scale of the above models. We also discuss how current and future experiments may confirm or further constrain the above models, either by detecting the ``accumulative resonance'' that diffuse RSN go through or via a large suppression of the flux of neutrinos from nearby < O(Mpc) SN bursts.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, version to be published in JHE

Heteroepitaxial Beta-Ga2O3 on 4H-SiC for an FET With Reduced Self Heating

A method to improve thermal management of β-Ga 2 O 3 FETs is demonstrated here via simulation of epitaxial growth on a 4H-SiC substrate. Using a recently published device as a model, the reduction achieved in self-heating allows the device to be driven at higher gate voltages and increases the overall performance. For the same operating parameters an 18% increase in peak drain current and 15% reduction in lattice temperature are observed. Device dimensions may be substantially reduced without detriment to performance and normally off operation may be achieved

Delineating Human B Cell Precursor Development With Genetically Identified PID Cases as a Model

B-cell precursors (BCP) arise from hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow (BM). Identification and characterization of the different BCP subsets has contributed to the understanding of normal B-cell development. BCP first rearrange their immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain (IGH) genes to form the pre-B-cell receptor (pre-BCR) complex together with surrogate light chains. Appropriate signaling via this pre-BCR complex is followed by rearrangement of the Ig light chain genes, resulting in the formation, and selection of functional BCR molecules. Consecutive production, expression, and functional selection of the pre-BCR and BCR complexes guide the BCP differentiation process that coincides with corresponding immunophenotypic changes. We studied BCP differentiation in human BM samples from healthy controls and patients with a known genetic defect in V(D)J recombination or pre-BCR signaling to unravel normal immunophenotypic changes and to determine the effect of differentiation blocks caused by the specific genetic defects. Accordingly, we designed a 10-color antibody panel to study human BCP development in BM by flow cytometry, which allows identification of classical preB-I, preB-II, and mature B-cells as defined via BCR-related markers with further characterization by additional markers. We observed heterogeneous phenotypes associated with more than one B-cell maturation pathway, particularly for the preB-I and preB-II stages in which V(D)J recombination takes place, with asynchronous marker expression patterns. Next Generation Sequencing of complete IGH gene rearrangements in sorted BCP subsets unraveled their rearrangement status, indicating that BCP differentiation does not follow a single linear pathway. In conclusion, B-cell development in human BM is not a linear process, but a rather complex network of parallel pathways dictated by V(D)J-recombination-driven checkpoints and pre-BCR/BCR mediated-signaling occurring during B-cell production and selection. It can also be described as asynchronous, because precursor B-cells do not differentiate as full population between the different stages, but rather transit as a continuum, which seems influenced (in part) by V-D-J recombination-driven checkpoints

Age-associated distribution of normal B-cell and plasma cell subsets in peripheral blood

Background: Humoral immunocompetence develops stepwise throughout life and contributes to individual susceptibility to infection, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and neoplasia. Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) isotype serum levels can partly explain such age-related differences, but their relationship with the IgH isotype distribution within memory B-cell (MBC) and plasma cell (PCs) compartments remains to be investigated. Objective: We studied the age-related distribution of MBCs and PCs expressing different IgH isotypes in addition to the immature/transitional and naive B-cell compartments. Methods: B-cell and PC subsets and plasma IgH isotype levels were studied in cord blood (n = 19) and peripheral blood (n = 215) from healthy donors aged 0 to 90 years by using flow cytometry and nephelometry, respectively. Results: IgH-switched MBCs expressing IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, and IgA2 were already detected in cord blood and newborns at very low counts, whereas CD27+IgM++IgD+ MBCs only became detectable at 1 to 5 months and remained stable until 2 to 4 years, and IgD MBCs peaked at 2 to 4 years, with both populations decreasing thereafter. MBCs expressing IgH isotypes of the second immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (IGHC) gene block (IgG1, IgG3, and IgA1) peaked later during childhood (2-4 years), whereas MBCs expressing third IGHC gene block immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG2, IgG4, and IgA2) reached maximum values during adulthood. PCs were already detected in newborns, increasing in number until 6 to 11 months for IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, and IgA2; until 2 to 4 years for IgD; and until 5 to 9 years for IgG4 and decreasing thereafter. For most IgH isotypes (except IgD and IgG4), maximum plasma levels were reached after PC and MBC counts peaked. Conclusions: PC counts reach maximum values early in life, followed by MBC counts and plasma IgH isotypes. Importantly, IgH isotypes from different IGHC gene blocks show different patterns, probably reflecting consecutive cycles of IgH isotype switch recombination through life