26,118 research outputs found
Modeling the line variations from the wind-wind shock emissions of WR 30a
The study of Wolf-Rayet stars plays an important role in evolutionary
theories of massive stars. Among these objects, ~ 20% are known to be in binary
systems and can therefore be used for the mass determination of these stars.
Most of these systems are not spatially resolved and spectral lines can be used
to constrain the orbital parameters. However, part of the emission may
originate in the interaction zone between the stellar winds, modifying the line
profiles and thus challenging us to use different models to interpret them. In
this work, we analyzed the HeII4686\AA + CIV4658\AA blended lines of WR30a
(WO4+O5) assuming that part of the emission originate in the wind-wind
interaction zone. In fact, this line presents a quiescent base profile,
attributed to the WO wind, and a superposed excess, which varies with the
orbital phase along the 4.6 day period. Under these assumptions, we were able
to fit the excess spectral line profile and central velocity for all phases,
except for the longest wavelengths, where a spectral line with constant
velocity seems to be present. The fit parameters provide the eccentricity and
inclination of the binary orbit, from which it is possible to constrain the
stellar masses.Comment: accepted for publication in the MNRA
Global Alfven Wave Heating of the Magnetosphere of Young Stars
Excitation of a Global Alfven wave (GAW) is proposed as a viable mechanism to
explain plasma heating in the magnetosphere of young stars. The wave and basic
plasma parameters are compatible with the requirement that the dissipation
length of GAWs be comparable to the distance between the shocked region at the
star's surface and the truncation region in the accretion disk. A two-fluid
magnetohydrodynamic plasma model is used in the analysis. A current carrying
filament along magnetic field lines acts as a waveguide for the GAW. The
current in the filament is driven by plasma waves along the magnetic field
lines and/or by plasma crossing magnetic field lines in the truncated region of
the disk of the accreting plasma. The conversion of a small fraction of the
kinetic energy into GAW energy is sufficient to heat the plasma filament to
observed temperatures.Comment: Submitted to ApJ, aheatf.tex, 2 figure
Ellerman bombs and UV bursts: transient events in chromospheric current sheets
Ellerman bombs (EBs) and UV bursts are both brightenings related to flux
emergence regions and specifically to magnetic flux of opposite polarity that
meet in the photosphere. These two reconnection-related phenomena, nominally
formed far apart, occasionally occur in the same location and at the same time,
thus challenging our understanding of reconnection and heating of the lower
solar atmosphere. We consider the formation of an active region, including long
fibrils and hot and dense coronal plasma. The emergence of a untwisted magnetic
flux sheet, injected ~Mm below the photosphere, is studied as it pierces
the photosphere and interacts with the preexisting ambient field. Specifically,
we aim to study whether EBs and UV bursts are generated as a result of such
flux emergence and examine their physical relationship. The Bifrost radiative
magnetohydrodynamics code was used to model flux emerging into a model
atmosphere that contained a fairly strong ambient field, constraining the
emerging field to a limited volume wherein multiple reconnection events occur
as the field breaks through the photosphere and expands into the outer
atmosphere. Synthetic spectra of the different reconnection events were
computed using the D RH code and the fully 3D MULTI3D code. The formation
of UV bursts and EBs at intensities and with line profiles that are highly
reminiscent of observed spectra are understood to be a result of the
reconnection of emerging flux with itself in a long-lasting current sheet that
extends over several scale heights through the chromosphere. Synthetic
diagnostics suggest that there are no compelling reasons to assume that UV
bursts occur in the photosphere. Instead, EBs and UV bursts are occasionally
formed at opposite ends of a long current sheet that resides in an extended
bubble of cool gas.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted by A&
Orthogonality catastrophe and Kondo effect in graphene
Anderson's orthogonality catastrophe in graphene, at energies close to the
Dirac point, is analyzed. It is shown that, in clean systems, the orthogonality
catastrophe is suppressed, due to the vanishing density of states at the Dirac
point. In the presence of preexisting localized states at the Dirac energy, the
orthogonality catastrophe shows similar features to those found in normal
metals with a finite density of states at the Fermi level. The implications for
the Kondo effect induced by magnetic impurities, and for the Fermi edge
singularities in tunneling processes are also discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
The role of damped Alfven waves on magnetospheric accretion models of young stars
We examine the role of Alfven wave damping in heating the plasma in the
magnetic funnels of magnetospheric accretion models of young stars. We study
four different damping mechanisms of the Alfven waves: nonlinear, turbulent,
viscous-resistive and collisional. Two different possible origins for the
Alfven waves are discussed: 1) Alfven waves generated at the surface of the
star by the shock produced by the infalling matter; and 2) Alfven waves
generated locally in the funnel by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. We find
that, in general, the damping lengths are smaller than the tube length. Since
thermal conduction in the tube is not efficient, Alfven waves generated only at
the star's surface cannot heat the tube to the temperatures necessary to fit
the observations. Only for very low frequency Alfven waves ~10^{-5} the ion
cyclotron frequency, is the viscous-resistive damping length greater than the
tube length. In this case, the Alfven waves produced at the surface of the star
are able to heat the whole tube. Otherwise, local production of Alfven waves is
required to explain the observations. The turbulence level is calculated for
different frequencies for optically thin and thick media. We find that
turbulent velocities varies greatly for different damping mechanisms, reaching
\~100 km s^{-1} for the collisional damping of small frequency waves.Comment: 29 pages, 12 figures, to appear in The Astrophysical Journa
The Stellar Parameters and Evolutionary State of the Primary in the d'-Symbiotic System StH\alpha190
We report on a high-resolution, spectroscopic stellar parameter and abundance
analysis of a d' symbiotic star: the yellow component of StH\alpha190. This
star has recently been discovered, and confirmed here, to be a rapidly rotating
(vsini=100 km/s) subgiant, or giant, that exhibits radial-velocity variations
of probably at least 40 km/s, indicating the presence of a companion (a white
dwarf star). It is found that the cool stellar component has Teff=5300K and log
g=3.0. The iron and calcium abundances are close to solar, however, barium is
overabundant, relative to Fe and Ca, by about +0.5 dex. The barium enhancement
reflects mass-transfer of s-process enriched material when the current white
dwarf was an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. The past and future evolution
of this binary system depends critically on its current orbital period, which
is not yet known. Concerted and frequent radial-velocity measurements are
needed to provide crucial physical constraints to this d' symbiotic system.Comment: 9 pages, 1 table, 3 figures. In press to Astrophysical Journal
Letter
Alfvenic Heating of Protostellar Accretion Disks
We investigate the effects of heating generated by damping of Alfven waves on
protostellar accretion disks. Two mechanisms of damping are investigated,
nonlinear and turbulent, which were previously studied in stellar winds
(Jatenco-Pereira & Opher 1989a, b). For the nominal values studied, f=delta
v/v_{A}=0.002 and F=varpi/Omega_{i}=0.1, where delta v, v_{A} and varpi are the
amplitude, velocity and average frequency of the Alfven wave, respectively, and
Omega_{i} is the ion cyclotron frequency, we find that viscous heating is more
important than Alfven heating for small radii. When the radius is greater than
0.5 AU, Alfvenic heating is more important than viscous heating. Thus, even for
the relatively small value of f=0.002, Alfvenic heating can be an important
source of energy for ionizing protostellar disks, enabling angular momentum
transport to occur by the Balbus-Hawley instability.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
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