Detection of Methoxymethanol as a Photochemistry Product of Condensed Methanol

We report the identification of methoxymethanol (CH3OCH2OH) as a photochemistry product of condensed methanol (CH3OH) based on temperature-programmed desorption studies conducted following photon irradiation at energies below the ionization threshold (9.8 eV) of condensed methanol. The first detection of methoxymethanol in the interstellar medium was reported in 2017 based on data from Bands 6 and 7 from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The cosmic synthesis of “complex” organic molecules such as methyl formate (HCOOCH3), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH), and glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CHO) has been attributed to UV photolysis of condensed methanol found in interstellar ices. Experiments conducted in 1995 demonstrated that electron-induced radiolysis of methanol cosmic ice analogues yields methoxymethanol. In three recent publications (2016, 2017, and 2018), methoxymethanol was considered as a potential tracer for reactions induced by secondary electrons resulting from the interaction of cosmic rays with interstellar ices. However, the results presented in this study suggest that methoxymethanol can be formed from both radiation chemistry and photochemistry of condensed methanol

Condensed-Phase Photochemistry in the Absence of Radiation Chemistry

We report post-irradiation photochemistry studies of condensed ammonia using photons of energies below condensed ammonia’s ionization threshold of ~ 9 eV. Hydrazine (N2H4), diazene (also known as diimide and diimine) (N2H2), triazane (N3H5), and one or more isomers of N3H3 are detected as photochemistry products during temperature-programmed desorption. Product yields increase monotonically with (1) photon fluence and (2) film thickness. In the studies reported herein, the energies of photons responsible for product formation are constrained to less than 7.4 eV. Previous post-irradiation photochemistry studies of condensed ammonia employed photons sufficiently energetic to ionize condensed ammonia and initiate radiation chemistry. Such studies typically involve ion-molecule reactions and electron-induced reactions in addition to photochemistry. Although photochemistry is cited as a dominant mechanism for the synthesis of prebiotic molecules in interstellar ices, to the best of our knowledge, ours is one of the first astrochemically-relevant studies that has found unambiguous evidence for condensed-phase chemical synthesis induced by photons in the absence of ionization

Construcción de vivienda de interés social de tipo propiedad horizontal Tamarindo II en el municipio de Nilo - Cundinamarca

Con la formulación de este proyecto, se busca relacionar las diez áreas del conocimiento en Gerencia de proyectos; en aras de fortalecer los instrumentos para viabilizar propuestas en el mercado actual. Con el fin de generar estrategias de negocios bajo esquemas de desarrollo de nuevos diseños, calidad, seguridad y eficaz comercialización. En conjunto estas herramientas permiten interpretar los resultados, generar conclusiones y recomendaciones para sean incorporados en la globalización del mercado actual. Por lo tanto, la formulación de nuestro proyecto “Construcción de Viviendas de Interés prioritario Tipo Propiedad Horizontal En el Municipio de Nilo-Cundinamarca”, permite construir estrategias a partir de un conocimiento previo en Gerencia de Proyectos, estas estrategias apoyan el trabajo de investigación del mercado actual de urbanismo, teniendo en cuenta que Nilo – Cundinamarca por su extensión topográfica y los lineamientos contemplados en E.O.T no permiten la construcción de casas unifamiliares. Es así que contemplamos el mercado de expansión urbanística, viviendas de interés prioritario en relación a la propiedad horizontal. Siendo esta la que permite tener espacios de bienestar social