Curso: “introducción a la vida universitaria”: un dispositivo para acompañar la inserción plena de los estudiantes a la Universidad de la República

El presente documento procura dar cuenta de uno de los dispositivos que se desarrolla en el marco del abordaje de la situación de ingreso de los estudiantes a la Universidad de la República (UdelaR), que se denomina “Vida Universitaria”. Es un curso de grado, que diseña y desarrolla el Programa de Respaldo al Aprendizaje (PROGRESA). Los estudiantes de ingreso comparten algunas características comunes entre sí, en particular lo referente al tránsito por esta etapa, en la cual comienzan a experimentar una realidad que puede corresponderse o no con las fantasías y mitos con que llegan a la nueva institución. Este nuevo escenario que se presenta, habitualmente dista mucho en relación a lo formal, lo metodológico y organizacional, de las instituciones de las que provienen. Este momento es propicio para trabajar la información en lo que hace a lo coyuntural e institucional que aporte a sus primeros pasos en este tránsito y abordar la temática de la integración, ya que en el estudiante novel pueden imperar diversas vivencias que se relacionan con aquello que desconoce. Ante esta situación, la creación de este Curso optativo semestral, procura dar respuesta a través de diversas estrategias que promuevan la inserción plena de los estudiantes en esta etapa de su ciclo formativo. Los objetivos se plantean en el sentido de que los estudiantes reflexionen en torno a las elecciones de formación e ingreso a la UdelaR, adquieran herramientas para la apropiación del modelo de formación de la UdelaR y participen en la construcción de un espacio grupal de referencia, con la finalidad de favorecer el sentimiento de pertenencia de los estudiantes a la UdelaR. Los datos aportados por el formulario de evaluación aplicado a los estudiantes, indican que este tipo de dispositivo aporta en varios aspectos referentes a la vida universitaria; integración, conformación de grupos de estudio, acercamiento a la información institucional, entre otros

Home-based blood transfusion therapy: a systematic review

Home care is a healthcare alternative to hospitalisation. Different types of procedures are performed at home care services, such as home transfusion of blood products. However, home blood transfusion is not fully implemented and there is a great lack of knowledge about it. The aims of this study were thus to assess the safety and effectiveness of home blood transfusions and patient acceptance and satisfaction. A systematic literature review was conducted in the main biomedical databases. We included all studies that covered patients who had received a home blood transfusion, regardless of their baseline diagnosis. The literature search yielded 290 studies, 14 of which were included in this study as they met the predefined criteria. The main patient profile of a home-transfusion recipient was a person with anaemia associated with other diseases. Overall incidence of severe adverse events was 0.05%. No studies evaluated the effectiveness of home versus hospital transfusions. One study showed that 51% of patients would be willing to receive home transfusions. Home blood transfusion appears to be a feasible, safe, and well-accepted procedure. Existing studies are of low quality, however, and this is an important limitation when it comes to drawing definitive benefit–risk conclusionsS

Space Science and Technology Partnership Forum: Integration with Commercial In-Space Assembly Activities

No abstract availabl

Reproductive biology of the pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus): a review

The pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is a South American grazing deer which is in extreme danger of extinction. Very little is known about the biology of the pampas deer. Moreover, most information has not been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, and is only available in local publications, theses, etc. Therefore, our aim was to update and summarize the available information regarding the reproductive biology of the pampas deer. Moreover, in most sections, we have also included new, unpublished information. Detailed descriptions are provided of the anatomy of both the female and the male reproductive tract, puberty onset, the oestrous cycle and gestational length. Birthing and the early postpartum period are described, as are maternal behaviour and early fawn development, seasonal distribution of births, seasonal changes in male reproduction and antler cycle, reproductive behaviour, semen collection, and cryopreservation. Finally, an overview is given and future directions of research are proposed

Key Factors Associated With Pulmonary Sequelae in the Follow-Up of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Introduction: Critical COVID-19 survivors have a high risk of respiratory sequelae. Therefore, we aimed to identify key factors associated with altered lung function and CT scan abnormalities at a follow-up visit in a cohort of critical COVID-19 survivors. Methods: Multicenter ambispective observational study in 52 Spanish intensive care units. Up to 1327 PCR-confirmed critical COVID-19 patients had sociodemographic, anthropometric, comorbidity and lifestyle characteristics collected at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters throughout hospital stay; and, lung function and CT scan at a follow-up visit. Results: The median [p25–p75] time from discharge to follow-up was 3.57 [2.77–4.92] months. Median age was 60 [53–67] years, 27.8% women. The mean (SD) percentage of predicted diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) at follow-up was 72.02 (18.33)% predicted, with 66% of patients having DLCO < 80% and 24% having DLCO < 60%. CT scan showed persistent pulmonary infiltrates, fibrotic lesions, and emphysema in 33%, 25% and 6% of patients, respectively. Key variables associated with DLCO < 60% were chronic lung disease (CLD) (OR: 1.86 (1.18–2.92)), duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (OR: 1.56 (1.37–1.77)), age (OR [per-1-SD] (95%CI): 1.39 (1.18–1.63)), urea (OR: 1.16 (0.97–1.39)) and estimated glomerular filtration rate at ICU admission (OR: 0.88 (0.73–1.06)). Bacterial pneumonia (1.62 (1.11–2.35)) and duration of ventilation (NIMV (1.23 (1.06–1.42), IMV (1.21 (1.01–1.45)) and prone positioning (1.17 (0.98–1.39)) were associated with fibrotic lesions. Conclusion: Age and CLD, reflecting patients’ baseline vulnerability, and markers of COVID-19 severity, such as duration of IMV and renal failure, were key factors associated with impaired DLCO and CT abnormalities

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Curso: “introducción a la vida universitaria”: un dispositivo para acompañar la inserción plena de los estudiantes a la Universidad de la República

El presente documento procura dar cuenta de uno de los dispositivos que se desarrolla en el marco del abordaje de la situación de ingreso de los estudiantes a la Universidad de la República (UdelaR), que se denomina “Vida Universitaria”. Es un curso de grado, que diseña y desarrolla el Programa de Respaldo al Aprendizaje (PROGRESA). Los estudiantes de ingreso comparten algunas características comunes entre sí, en particular lo referente al tránsito por esta etapa, en la cual comienzan a experimentar una realidad que puede corresponderse o no con las fantasías y mitos con que llegan a la nueva institución. Este nuevo escenario que se presenta, habitualmente dista mucho en relación a lo formal, lo metodológico y organizacional, de las instituciones de las que provienen. Este momento es propicio para trabajar la información en lo que hace a lo coyuntural e institucional que aporte a sus primeros pasos en este tránsito y abordar la temática de la integración, ya que en el estudiante novel pueden imperar diversas vivencias que se relacionan con aquello que desconoce. Ante esta situación, la creación de este Curso optativo semestral, procura dar respuesta a través de diversas estrategias que promuevan la inserción plena de los estudiantes en esta etapa de su ciclo formativo. Los objetivos se plantean en el sentido de que los estudiantes reflexionen en torno a las elecciones de formación e ingreso a la UdelaR, adquieran herramientas para la apropiación del modelo de formación de la UdelaR y participen en la construcción de un espacio grupal de referencia, con la finalidad de favorecer el sentimiento de pertenencia de los estudiantes a la UdelaR. Los datos aportados por el formulario de evaluación aplicado a los estudiantes, indican que este tipo de dispositivo aporta en varios aspectos referentes a la vida universitaria; integración, conformación de grupos de estudio, acercamiento a la información institucional, entre otros

Biología reproductiva del venado de campo (Ozotoceros bezoarticus)

La publicación de este libro fue realizada con el apoyo de la Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (CSIC) de la Universidad de la República. Comité de referato de la Facultad de Veterinaria: Dra. Celia Tasende, Dr. José Repetto y Dr. Luis Barros.El venado de campo es una especie autóctona del Uruguay, que actualmente se encuentra amenazada de extinción. Sin embargo es escaso el conocimiento sobre su biología, especialmente su biología reproductiva. En el presente libro se presentan avances recientes en el tema a partir de trabajos realizados por investigadores de diversas instituciones, incluyendo desde la caracterización de aspectos básicos hasta aplicaciones concretas dirigidas a su conservación. Los trabajos aquí incluidos han sido publicados en revistas científicas internacionales y merecieron el Premio Nacional de Veterinaria 2009, otorgado por la Academia Nacional de Veterinaria