Primary Productivity And Nitrogen-Fixation In 2 Macroalgae-Cyanobacteria Associations

Primary productivity and nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) were estimated in two macroalgae-cyanobacteria associations from coral reef communities. Microdictyon sp., collected at 20 m on the reef proper and Laurencia sp., from 1-2 m on an inshore sand flat, showed high productivity rates: 1.15 and 1.90 mg C g-l h-I, respectively. Dissolved organic carbon excretion for both associations was less than 0.5% of the total carbon fixed. Nitrogenase activity was much higher in the Laurencia association than in the Microdictyofl association (9,61 vs, 1.04 f.Lg N g-l h-1); this probably was due to differences in the cyanobacterial epiflora, The effect of light on the rates of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation was evaluated for the Microdictyon association. Nitrogen fixation supplied approximately 2% of the nitrogen demand of the Microdictyon complex and 19% of the demand on the Laurellcia complex, In a nutrient poor environment, any de novo nutrient input is of value; for the Laure/lCia association, nitrogen fixation could supply a substantial portion of the nitrogen required for photosynthesis

Low oxygen affects photophysiology and the level of expression of two-carbon metabolism genes in the seagrass <i>Zostera muelleri</i>

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Seagrasses are a diverse group of angiosperms that evolved to live in shallow coastal waters, an environment regularly subjected to changes in oxygen, carbon dioxide and irradiance. Zostera muelleri is the dominant species in south-eastern Australia, and is critical for healthy coastal ecosystems. Despite its ecological importance, little is known about the pathways of carbon fixation in Z. muelleri and their regulation in response to environmental changes. In this study, the response of Z. muelleri exposed to control and very low oxygen conditions was investigated by using (i) oxygen microsensors combined with a custom-made flow chamber to measure changes in photosynthesis and respiration, and (ii) reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR to measure changes in expression levels of key genes involved in C4 metabolism. We found that very low levels of oxygen (i) altered the photophysiology of Z. muelleri, a characteristic of C3 mechanism of carbon assimilation, and (ii) decreased the expression levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase. These molecular-physiological results suggest that regulation of the photophysiology of Z. muelleri might involve a close integration between the C3 and C4, or other CO2 concentrating mechanisms metabolic pathways. Overall, this study highlights that the photophysiological response of Z. muelleri to changing oxygen in water is capable of rapid acclimation and the dynamic modulation of pathways should be considered when assessing seagrass primary production