Resonance Scanning System and Method for Testing Equipment for Electromagnetic Resonances

A resonance scanning system and method for testing equipment for electromagnetic resonances uses a resonance detection subsystem with at least one probe to identify at least one of a resonating location, a resonating frequency and a quality factor of a resonance of the equipment and an automatic scanning subsystem to displace the probe to different testing locations of the equipment so that the resonance detection subsystem can determine if any of the different testing locations of the equipment exhibits electromagnetic resonances

Hierarchical triple mergers: testing Hawking's area theorem with the inspiral signals

Hawking's area theorem is one of the fundamental laws of black holes (BHs), which has been tested at a confidence level of $\sim 95\%$ with gravitational wave (GW) observations by analyzing the inspiral and ringdown portions of GW signals independently. In this work, we propose to carry out the test in a new way with the hierarchical triple merger (i.e., two successive BH mergers occurred sequentially within the observation window of GW detectors), for which the properties of the progenitor BHs and the remnant BH of the first coalescence can be reliably inferred from the inspiral portions of the two mergers. As revealed in our simulation, a test of the BH area law can be achieved at the significance level of $\gtrsim 3\sigma$ for the hierarchical triple merger events detected in LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA's O4/O5 runs. If the hierarchical triple mergers contribute a $\gtrsim 0.1\%$ fraction to the detected BBHs, a precision test of the BH area law with such systems is achievable in the near future. Our method also provides an additional criterion to establish the hierarchical triple merger origin of some candidate events.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl