Spatial point pattern analysis with application to confocal microscopy data

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Tafsiri ya Mazungumzo Katika Filamu za Kiswahili

Taaluma ya tafsiri huingiliana na nyanja nyingine za kitaaluma kutokana na kujishughulisha kwake katika mawasiliano. Makala haya yanachunguza tafsiri ya mazungumzo ya Kiingereza katika filamu za Kiswahili nchini Tanzania. Filamu zilizoteuliwa katika uchunguzi ni ile ya Vita Baridi na Love & Power. Kimahususi, makala imechunguza mikakati mbalimbali iliyotumika kupata tafsiri ya mazungumzo ya Kiingereza kwenye filamu za Kiswahili wakati inajulikana kwamba mfumo wa mazungumzo na maandishi hutofautiana kisifa. Pia tafsiri ya mazungumzo ina kanuni na sheria zake. Sambamba na hayo, lugha ya Kiswahili na Kiingereza hutofautiana kiisimu, kitamaduni, kimazingira pamoja na kihistoria. Data zimechambuliwa kwa kuongozwa na nadharia ya ulinganifu kama ilivyoasisiwa na Nida na kisha kuendelezwa na Catford na Newmark. Makala imebaini kwambamatini asilia humwongoza mtafsiri kutumia mikakati kama vile udondoshaji, ufupishaji, ufafanuzi kimuhtasari, uingizaji na matumizi ya tarakimu katika mchakato wa tafsiri ya mazunugmzo ya Kiingereza kwenye filamu za Kiswahili

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors that Control Motor Neuron Vulnerability in ALS

Even though there are millions of neurons in our brain, in neurodegenerative diseases only a select set of neurons show vulnerability and progressively degenerate. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), motor neurons in the cortex and spinal cord show selective vulnerability. Their progressive degeneration results in lack of control over voluntary movement, without affecting memory and cognitive function. We are developing novel approaches to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for motor neuron degeneration. Our findings will allow cell-based therapeutic interventions in the near future

Taxonomic and functional diversity patterns of multi-taxa in Mediterranean wood-pastures

A long-term history of multi-functional management and natural disturbances have transformed many woodlands of Europe into unique landscapes that integrate forests, open grazed pastures with scattered shrubs and trees, in addition to various semi-natural vegetation elements. These landscapes, named wood-pastures, often represent economically valuable and biodiversity-rich habitats with a characteristic semi-open and heterogeneous vegetation structure and can be found throughout different European bioregions. In the Western Mediterranean the most important types of wood-pastures have a tree cover dominated by oaks and are known as “montados” (in Portugal) and dehesas (in Spain). Wood-pastures are increasingly fragile due to conflicting land-use regimes associated with intensification and abandonment, which influence vegetation structure and overall habitat heterogeneity leading to impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. This situation highlights the urgent need to improve low-cost and biodiversity-friendly management strategies that have minimal negative effects on production to preserve the balance between natural and economic values of wood-pastures. The main objective of this thesis, which focuses on Mediterranean woodpastures, is to explore the biodiversity patterns of multiple taxa using the advantages of functional diversity approaches to reveal how land-use driven changes influence biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services in wood-pastures, and use these insights to improve sciencebased, sustainable management plans. For these aims, this thesis evaluated the role of small ungrazed patches within the wood-pasture matrix in enhancing (1) taxonomic and (2) functional diversity of multi-taxa (plants, beetles, lichens). The results revealed the contribution of allowing shrub growth within ungrazed patches to species richness and functional diversity of plants, beetles and lichens by facilitating the presence of distinct species and trait assemblages compared to woodpasture matrix. This work also assessed how changes in habitat structure associated with a management intensity gradient ranging from active management towards land abandonment affected (3) species and trait assemblages of breeding birds in wood-pastures and (4) of insectivore birds in particular to evaluate the potential consequences for natural pest regulation in woodpastures. The findings showed the role of sustaining non-intensive and active management, which prevented excessive shrub growth and loss of habitat heterogeneity, in facilitating the distribution of more diverse bird guilds and in potential contributions to the natural pest control provision in woodpastures. Overall, the key findings of this thesis highlight the importance of maintaining small ungrazed patches and non-intensive, active management strategy to preserve the semi-open and heterogeneous habitat structure that increase biodiversity of plants, beetles, lichens and birds, leading to positive influences on ecosystem functioning and service provision in wood-pastures. Finally, this work contributes to ongoing efforts to improve low-cost and sustainable management actions conciliating the natural and economic values of wood-pastures

Determination of invaders and their invasiveness in annual grasslands and roadsides (Aydın, Denizli, Muğla, İzmir)

Bu çalışmada Aydın, Denizli, Muğla ve İzmir il sınırları içerisinde yayılış gösteren istilacı bitki türleri ve istila yetenekleri tek yıllık otlaklarda ve yol kenarlarında kantitatif olarak ayrı ayrı belirlenmiştir. Vejetasyon 1 m2’lik kare şeklinde çerçeve kullanılarak örneklenmiştir ve her örnek parselde bulunan bitki türleri ve örtüşleri göz kararı belirlenmiştir. Toplam 200 örnek parsel çalışması yapılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda tek yıllık otlaklarda yayılış gösteren 24 familyaya bağlı tür ve tür altı seviyede 151 takson belirlenmiştir. Bu taksonlardan büyük bir kısmı % 19 oranıyla Asteraceae ve Poaceae familyalarına aittir. Yol kenarlarından elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda yol kenarlarında yayılış gösteren 37 familyaya bağlı tür ve tür altı seviyede 266 takson belirlenmiştir. Bu taksonlardan büyük bir kısmı % 19 oranıyla Poaceae ve % 17 oranıyla Fabaceae familyalarına aittir. Bu çalışmada özellikle müdahale edilmiş otlaklardan elde edilen örnek parsellerde Asteraceae ve Fabaceae üyelerinin daha fazla gözlenmesi, bu familyanın sayıları hiç de azımsanmayacak ruderal stratejiyi benimsemiş üyelerinin müdahale edilmiş ortamlarda kolayca kolonize olmaları ve bu tip ortamları hızla istila edebilme özellikleriyle açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca bu araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar mevcut istila hipotezleriyle (Müdahale Hipotezi, Tür Zenginliği Hipotezi, Niş Boşluğu Hipotezi) ilişkilendirilerek yorumlanmıştırIn this study, invasive plant species and their invasiveness which occur along roadsides and annual grasslands in the province of Aydın, Denizli, Muğla and İzmir seperately quantified. Vegetation was sampled using 1 m2 quadrat frames and within each frame all herbaceous species were identified and abundance was quantified as percent cover based on ocular estimates. A total of 200 plots were sampled. In annual grasslands, as a result of analyses of survey study, a total of 151 plant species belong to 26 different families were found and Poaceae and Asteraceae were defined as the most common families with a frequency of 19%. Along roadsides, a total of 266 plant species belong to 37 different families were detected and Poaceae was defined as the most common family with a frequency of 19%, followed by Fabaceae with a frequency of 17%. According to the data of survey, members of Asteraceae and Fabaceae families were more observed in plots which are sampled in especially disturbed annual grasslands can explain with their traits about being able to easily colonize and invade in disturbed lands. Results obtained from this study associated with invasion hypothesis (The Disturbance Hypothesis, The Species Richness Hypothesis, The Empty Niche Hypothesis) and annotated

Pregnancy outcome after one previous caesarean section at a tertiary university teaching hospital in Tanzania

The aim of this study was to assess outcome of pregnancy in women with one previous caesarean section at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) from 13th September 2006-2nd February 2007. All women with one previous caesarean section coming for delivery at MNH in that period were identified. Data on medical history, socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, decision on mode of delivery, and pregnancy outcomes were collected. There were 3285 deliveries during the study period, out of which 365 (11%) women had one previous caesarean section. Almost half (48%) of the women with one previous caesarean section attended antenatal care in the dispensaries and health centres. Trial of scar was decided in 80 (21.9%) women. A total of 278 women had the decision for repeat caesarean section made on admission whereby 180 (64.4%) were for emergency caesarean section and 98 (35.6%) were for elective caesarean section. A total 52 women delivered vaginally, 44 after trial of the scar and eight among women decided for emergency repeat caesarean section on admission. The incidence of uterine rupture was 2% and perinatal mortality ratio was 55 per 1000 live birth. In conclusion, a significant proportion of women delivering at MNH had one previous caesarean section among which few underwent trial of scar. Half of the women attended antenatal care in the dispensaries and health centres. Women with previous caesarean section should be encouraged to attend hospitals providing comprehensive emergency obstetric care. The quality of intrapartum monitoring should be audited to improve maternal and newborn outcome

New Syntheses of 4NPMA Homopolymer and Its Copolymer with Limonene: Experimental Analysis and Density Functional Theory Study

Abstract: The N-(4-nitrophenyl)methacrylamide homopolymer (poly(4NPMA)) and copolymer of limonene with N-(4-nitrophenyl)methacrylamide (4NPMA-co-LIM) have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. The spectroscopic properties of poly(4NPMA) and 4NPMA-co-LIM were predicted using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The results have been compared with observed values, and they match with each other. Frontier orbital analysis (FMOs), global reactivity descriptors, MEP as well as Mulliken atomic charge were calculated with same method for poly(4NPMA) and 4NPMA-co-LIM. The physical properties of homopolymer of NPMA and its copolymer with D-Limonene were compared and evaluated. Thermal stabilities of homo and copolymer were investigated. © 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Evaluation of army corps food supply system using simulation

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Food Supply System is one of the main elements of Army Logistics System. The ultimate objective in food supply system is to provide the food at the right time and at the right place. If this objective is achieved, the morale, the health and the strength of the soldiers on the battlefield will enormously enhance. In the literature, particularly in Turkish Army, there is no study which tests whether the existing food supply system operates properly or not under the war conditions and which shows the potential problem areas and which specify time standards under different scenarios. The objective of this study is to answer these questions by the help of simulation model of the system. This model can also be helpful to the staff officers who prepare logistic support plans. The simulation model of Army Corps Food Supply System is built in Arena 3.0. The results are analyzed by statistical methods. The related bibliography is also provided in the thesis.Pembe, OzanM.S

The Challenges of Translating Poetic Text:The Case of Paul Sozigwa's Wimbo wa Lawino

This study examines the challenges of translating poetic text using Wimbo wa Lawino as a case study. The researcher first read the texts thoroughly and then identified twenty-one stanzas, which in the researcher's perception exhibited "marked" translation. The researcher subsequently employed correlation qualitative design to characterize the texts as cases of overtranslation, undertranslation and mistranslation. She then presented the stanzas to different categories of respondents to judge and classify the texts along three criteria namely: overtranslation, undertranslation and mistranslation. Respondents were also asked to comment on the structure of target language text (TLT) and identify the causes of "marked-ness" of the translation along three criteria namely: linguistic, cultural and aesthetic value. The findings showed that respondents judged seventeen stanzas as "marked" translation while four stanzas were judged as "unmarked" translation. The researcher then selected thirteen stanzas that had been agreed upon by at least eight five percent of respondents to be involved in the analysis of the study. The findings also revealed that the translator had succeeded to maintain the structures of the source language text (SLT) to some extent especially in terms of chapters and subchapters. The translator however failed to maintain the structure of stanzas, verses and the number of words within stanzas and verses due to a number of factors including variation between English and Kiswahili, overtranslation, undertranslation and mistranslation. The study therefore concludes that Wimbo wa Lawino sounds more like a prose text than a poem due to failure to maintain the poetic features of the SLT such as verses and the number of words within stanzas and verses. It recommends that the translator of poetry should be well equipped with poetic forms of both SLT and TLT before embarking on poetry translatio