Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI): a single-blind randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Remote ischaemic conditioning with transient ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We investigated whether remote ischaemic conditioning could reduce the incidence of cardiac death and hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months. METHODS: We did an international investigator-initiated, prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI) at 33 centres across the UK, Denmark, Spain, and Serbia. Patients (age >18 years) with suspected STEMI and who were eligible for PPCI were randomly allocated (1:1, stratified by centre with a permuted block method) to receive standard treatment (including a sham simulated remote ischaemic conditioning intervention at UK sites only) or remote ischaemic conditioning treatment (intermittent ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm through four cycles of 5-min inflation and 5-min deflation of an automated cuff device) before PPCI. Investigators responsible for data collection and outcome assessment were masked to treatment allocation. The primary combined endpoint was cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02342522) and is completed. FINDINGS: Between Nov 6, 2013, and March 31, 2018, 5401 patients were randomly allocated to either the control group (n=2701) or the remote ischaemic conditioning group (n=2700). After exclusion of patients upon hospital arrival or loss to follow-up, 2569 patients in the control group and 2546 in the intervention group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. At 12 months post-PPCI, the Kaplan-Meier-estimated frequencies of cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure (the primary endpoint) were 220 (8·6%) patients in the control group and 239 (9·4%) in the remote ischaemic conditioning group (hazard ratio 1·10 [95% CI 0·91-1·32], p=0·32 for intervention versus control). No important unexpected adverse events or side effects of remote ischaemic conditioning were observed. INTERPRETATION: Remote ischaemic conditioning does not improve clinical outcomes (cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure) at 12 months in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation, University College London Hospitals/University College London Biomedical Research Centre, Danish Innovation Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, TrygFonden

Lumineszente Lewis-Säure-Base Addukte von 9,10-Dihydro-9,10-diboraanthracen

In der vorliegenden Arbeit galt es, stabile, lumineszente, tetrakoordinierte Organoborane unter Verwendung eines Bor-funktionalisierten ditopen Grundbausteins und unterschiedlicher π- konjugierter Ligandensysteme zu synthetisieren. Die Bifunktionalität sollte die gleichzeitige Einführung von zwei Lewis-Basen erlauben, um eine mögliche elektronische Kommunikation oder einen Energietransfer zwischen den Chromophoren zu gewährleisten. ... Zusammenfassend war es möglich unter Einsatz eines Bor-haltigen Grundsystems (DBA) durch die Variation der chelatisierenden bzw. verbrückenden π-konjugierten Liganden stabile und effiziente Fluorophore mit nützlichen optischen Eigenschaften zu realisieren

Copper decoration combined with preferential etching for delineation of crystal defects in SOI and sSOI materials

Abstract not Available.</jats:p

Copper Decoration Combined with Preferential Etching for Delineation of Crystal Defects in SOI and sSOI Materials

Preferential etching with a dilute Secco etch is the routinely applied procedure for the delineation of crystal defects in Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI)- and strained Silicon-On-Insulator (sSOI)-materials. Its capability can be improved with a preceding copper decoration step. However, a shortcoming of copper decoration may be the formation of artefacts resulting in a deceptively high defect density. Optimized copper decoration conditions are presented. Furthermore, a combination of copper decoration with preferential etching was attempted to delineate all defect types in sSOI materials.</jats:p

Functionalized Pyrazoles as Agents in C–C Cross-Coupling Reactions

The 1-tetrahydropyranyl-(THP-)protected pyrazoles 4-R-pz(THP) (R=pinacolatoboryl=Bpin (3a(THP)), Me3Si (4a(THP)), Me3Sn (5a(THP)), and 4-R-3,5-Ph2pz (R=Bpin (3b(THP)), Me3Si (4b(THP)), Me3Sn (5b(THP)) were obtained by the following syntheses: i) In a first step, 4-X-pz (X=Br (1a), I (2a)) and 4-X-3,5-Ph2pz (X=Br (1b), I (2b)) were reacted with 3,4-dihydro-2Hpyran (DHP) to give the related THP-protected bromo- or iodopyrazole derivatives. ii) In a second step these THP derivatives were metalated by treatment with nBuLi or iPrMgCl. Subsequent reactions of the THP-protected metallopyrazoles 4-M-pz(THP) and 4-M-3,5-Ph2pz(THP) (M=Li, MgBr) with Bpin(OiPr), Me3SiCl, and Me3SnCl yielded the pyrazole derivatives 3a(THP), 3b(THP), 4a(THP), 4b(THP), 5a(THP), and 5b(THP). In contrast to the stannylated pyrazoles 5a(THP) and 5b(THP), the corresponding borylated and silylated derivatives could be easily deprotected: treatment of 3a(THP), 3b(THP), and 4a(THP) with HCl yielded the parent pyrazoles 3a, 3b and 4a. The microwave-assisted C-C cross-coupling reactions of these pyrazoles with aryl halides were examined, e. g. Suzuki reactions of 3a with p-pentylphenylbromide, p-hexylphenylbromide, and p- (2-ethylhexyl)phenylbromide. Similar reactions were also performed with 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b and aryl-substituted pinacolatoboranes or boronic acids. Crystals of 5b(THP) suitable for X-ray diffraction were grown (monoclinic P21/c) and their structure determined. The crystal structures of 1a·HBr (monoclinic P21/n), 1b (triclinic P̄1̄), (1c)2·HBr (monoclinic P2/c), 1c·HBr·(Br2)0.5 (triclinic P̄1̄), (2a)3·H2SO4 (triclinic P̄1̄), 3a (orthorhombic P212121), (3a)3·H2O (trigonal R3c), 3b (orthorhombic Pna21), and 4a (monoclinic Pc) reveal interesting hydrogen bonding networks. </jats:p

Synthesis and solvent-free polymerisation of vinyl terephthalate for application as an anode material in organic batteries

Solvent-free polymerisation of vinyl terephthalate was used to obtain high molecular weight polymers, whose corresponding Li-salts underlined the superiority of polymers regarding long term stability in battery tests compared to their monomeric counterparts.</p

Investigation of the Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Non-Aqueous, Magnesium-Ion-Containing Electrolytes for Magnesium Air Batteries

Secondary magnesium-air batteries (MAB) hold great promise for cheap and highly dense energy storage as needed in automobiles and portable devices. While magnesium-ion-batteries1 and primary magnesium-air-batteries (magnesium air fuel cells, aqueous electrolyte)2 do already exist, there are difficulties in the development of the secondary magnesium air battery. In principal, the work which was done on the Lithium-air-batteries (LAB) should also be usable in MABs. Therefore, in this work the system Mg(ClO4)2 + DMSO, first proposed by Shiga et al.3, was investigated. The equivalent electrolyte for LABs (LiClO4 + DMSO) is proven to work4. It is shown that the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) takes place (see Figure 1) within the stability window of the electrolyte and the electrochemical behavior of the system is discussed when using gold, platinum and glassy carbon as electrodes. It is shown that the ORR is not reversible and that passivating films are formed. By using a change-disk-RRDE-setup, we could investigate those films with IR, Raman, XPS, SEM and EDX. It was possible to trace the electrolyte components (S-O-groups and Cl-O groups) on the surface and a quantitative analysis proves that oxygen is mainly contributing to the composition and structure of the surface film. The resulting decomposition products on the respective electrodes and a probable pathway of reaction are presented. Acknowledgments This work has been funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the project “Mg-Air”, under the reference 03EK3027C. References 1. H. D. Yoo et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 6, 2265 (2013) 2. I. C. Blake, J. Electrochem. Soc., 99, 202C–203C (1952) 3. T. Shiga, Y. Hase, Y. Kato, M. Inoue, and K. Takechi, Chem. Commun. (Camb)., 49, 9152–4 (2013) 4. M. M. Ottakam Thotiyl et al., Nat. Mater., 12, 1050–6 (2013) Figures Figure 1 Cyclic voltammograms of a 5mm diameter platinum disk (mirror polished) in 0.5 M Mg(ClO4)2 / DMSO electrolyte solution, argon saturated (red) and oxygen saturated (blue). Scan speed: 10 mV s-1 Figure 1 <jats:p /