Omega 3 fatty acids induce a marked reduction of apolipoprotein B48 when added to fluvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes and mixed hyperlipidemia: a preliminary report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Backgorund</p> <p>Mixed hyperlipidemia is common in patients with diabetes. Statins, the choice drugs, are effective at reducing lipoproteins that contain apolipoprotein B100, but they fail to exert good control over intestinal lipoproteins, which have an atherogenic potential. We describe the effect of prescription omega 3 fatty acids on the intestinal lipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes who were already receiving fluvastatin 80 mg per day.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Patients with type 2 diabetes and mixed hyperlipidemia were recruited. Fasting lipid profile was taken when patients were treated with diet, diet plus 80 mg of fluvastatin and diet plus fluvastatin 80 mg and 4 g of prescription omega 3 fatty acids. The intestinal lipoproteins were quantified by the fasting concentration of apolipoprotein B48 using a commercial ELISA.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The addition of 4 g of prescription omega 3 was followed by significant reductions in the levels of triglycerides, VLDL triglycerides and the triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio, and an increase in HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05). Fluvastatin induced a reduction of 26% in B100 (P < 0.05) and 14% in B48 (NS). However, the addition of omega 3 fatty acids enhanced this reduction to 32% in B100 (NS) and up to 36% in B48 (P < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our preliminary findings therefore suggest an additional benefit on postprandial atherogenic particles when omega 3 fatty acids are added to standard treatment with fluvastatin.</p

Libro de las vidas de doze principes de la medicina y de su origen

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-2010Port. con orla tip.Port. con grab. xil.Texto con apostillas marginalesLetras capitales ornadasTexto impreso por ambas cara

The Effects of Parenteral K1 Administration in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Patients Versus Controls. A Pilot Study

Introduction: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene. Vitamin K1 is involved in the posttranslational carboxylation of some proteins related to inhibition of the calcification process. Our aim was to investigate, in patients affected by PXE, baseline levels of vitamin K1-dependent proteins and -metabolites and whether parenteral administration of phytomenadione was effective in modulating their levels. Methods: We included eight PXE patients with typical clinical symptoms (skin, retina, and vascular calcification) and two ABCC6 causative mutations; 13 clinically unaffected first-degree patients' relatives (9 carrying one ABCC6 mutation and 4 non-carriers). We assessed urinary vitamin K1 metabolites and serum Glu- and Gla-OC, Gas6 and undercaboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA-II), at baseline and after 1 and 6\u2009weeks after a single intramuscular injection of 10\u2009mg vitamin K1. Results: Comparison of PXE patients, heterozygous, and non-carriers revealed differences in baseline levels of serum MK-4 and of urinary vitamin K metabolites. The response to phytomenadione administration on vitamin K-dependent proteins was similar in all groups. Conclusion: The physiological axis between vitamin K1 and vitamin K-dependent proteins is preserved; however, differences in the concentration of vitamin K metabolites and of MK-4 suggest that vitamin K1 metabolism/catabolism could be altered in PXE patients

Statins: Hepatic Disease and Hepatotoxicity Risk.

https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/20925?template=romeoLos inhibidores de la hidroxi-metil-glutaril coenzima A (HMG-CoA) reductasa, generalmente conocidos como estatinas, tienen un buen perfil de seguridad y son uno de los fármacos más recetados en Europa. Sin embargo, las diferencias en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y farmacocinéticas de las estatinas pueden traducirse en diferencias relevantes en la seguridad a largo plazo. En los ensayos clínicos, todos los agentes reductores de lípidos se han asociado con una leve elevación asintomática de las enzimas aminotransferasas. No existen suficientes estudios que evalúen el riesgo de hepatotoxicidad por estatinas en sujetos hiperlipidémicos con niveles elevados de transaminasas en suero en estado basal; además, las estatinas se consideran contraindicadas en pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas crónicas. No obstante, se recomienda o exige rutinariamente un monitoreo clínico y bioquímico, muchas veces para compensar la falta de información sobre el verdadero riesgo de toxicidad hepática significativa en personas con o sin enfermedad hepática subyacente, aunque no hay evidencia de que este monitoreo reduzca la tasa de hepatotoxicidad. Este artículo revisa lo que se conoce y lo que no se conoce sobre las enfermedades hepáticas y el riesgo de hepatotoxicidad debido a las estatinas, y ofrece recomendaciones para el uso seguro y racional de este grupo de medicamentos en situaciones especiales

Insights on the hydrological cycle and its interaction with anthropic pressures: the Katari basin and minor Titicaca lake

The hydrologic cycle behaviour in the Bolivian Altiplano and how it interacts with human activity are still not fully understood. The hydraulic cycle is examined in a novel way in this work by considering extended time series of associated hydrologic and climatic data. Results show that human exploitation and losses from the sewage and water supply networks in the urban areas might cause an hydraulic imbalance in the region. These anthropogenic incomes, at the same time, increase concentrations of different pollutants. Water isotopic analysis reinforces the conceptual model showing that the groundwater sampled are mainly from precipitation. Workshops with local municipalities supported and defined the most relevant anthropic pressures in the basin. This information supports a vulnerability analysis in collaboration among them. The decision-making process for government entities might be strengthened by this study, which would help to develop long-term strategies to prevent and mitigate the issues found in the evaluation of water vulnerability in the region.</p

La planificación del entrenamiento deportivo: cambios vinculados a las nuevas formas de entender las estructuras deportivas contemporáneas

El presente estúdio procura realizar un resumen sobre las modificaciones y tendencias en modelos de planificación de entrenamiento deportivo tradicionales e contemporaneos. Más concretamente si discute la utilización de nuevos conceptos complementares de modelos classicos de planificación y las modificaciones en las estruturas de competición actuales, bien como las mejorias en las condiciones materiales y la inversión necesária hasta el alto rendimiento. Los contributos de la ciencia a las adaptaciones a la carga de entrenamiento son factores sobre los quales és necesarios reflectir para una planificación eficaz del entrenamiento deportivo moderno

Interrelationship between different loads in resisted sprints, half-squat 1RM, and kinematic variables in trained athletes

Resisted sprint running is a common training method for improving sprint-specific strength. It is well-known that an athlete's time to complete a sled-towing sprint increases linearly with increasing sled load. However, to our knowledge, the relationship between the maximum load in sled-towing sprint and the sprint time is unknown, The main purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between the maximum load in sled-towing sprint, half-squat maximal dynamic strength and the velocity in the acceleration phase in 20-m sprint. A second aim was to compare sprint performance when athletes ran under different conditions: un-resisted and towing sleds. Twenty-one participants (17.86±2.27 years; 1.77±0.06 m and 69.24±7.20 kg) completed a one repetition maximum test (1 RM) from a half-squat position (159.68±22.61 kg) and a series of sled-towing sprints with loads of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30% body mass (Bm) and the maximum resisted sprint load. No significant correlation (P<0.05) was found between half-squat 1 RM and the sprint time in different loaded conditions. Conversely, significant correlations (P<0.05) were found between maximum load in resisted sprint and sprint time (20-m sprint time, r=−0.71; 5% Bm, r=−0.73; 10% Bm, r=−0.53; 15% Bm, r=−0.55; 20% Bm, r=−0.65; 25% Bm, r=−0.44; 30% Bm, r=−0.63; MaxLoad, r= 0.93). The sprinting velocity significantly decreased by 4–22% with all load increases. Stride length (SL) also decreased (17%) significantly across all resisted conditions. In addition, there were significant differences in stride frequency (SF) with loads over 15% Bm. It could be concluded thatthe knowledge of the individual maximal load in resisted sprint and the effects on the sprinting kinematic with different loads, could be interesting to determinate the optimal load to improve the acceleration phase at sprint running.Actividad Física y Deport

Effects of Sled Towing on Peak Force, the Rate of Force Development and Sprint Performance During the Acceleration Phase

Resisted sprint training is believed to increase strength specific to sprinting. Therefore, the knowledge of force output in these tasks is essential. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of sled towing (10%, 15% and 20% of body mass (Bm)) on sprint performance and force production during the acceleration phase. Twenty-three young experienced sprinters (17 men and 6 women; men = 17.9 ± 3.3 years, 1.79 ± 0.06 m and 69.4 ± 6.1 kg; women = 17.2 ± 1.7 years, 1.65 ± 0.04 m and 56.6 ± 2.3 kg) performed four 30 m sprints from a crouch start. Sprint times in 20 and 30 m sprint, peak force (Fpeak), a peak rate of force development (RFDpeak) and time to RFD (TRFD) in first step were recorded. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant increases (p ≤ 0.001) in sprint times (20 and 30 m sprint) for each resisted condition as compared to the unloaded condition. The RFDpeak increased significantly when a load increased (3129.4 ± 894.6 N·s-1, p ≤ 0.05 and 3892.4 ± 1377.9 N·s-1, p ≤ 0.01). Otherwise, no significant increases were found in Fpeak and TRFD. The RFD determines the force that can be generated in the early phase of muscle contraction, and it has been considered a factor that influences performance of force-velocity tasks. The use of a load up to 20% Bm might provide a training stimulus in young sprinters to improve the RFDpeak during the sprint start, and thus, early acceleration.Actividad Física y Deport

Efectos agudos del trabajo resistido mediante trineo: Una revisión sistemática

The present review aims to analyse the research studies related to resisted sprint methods and their effects on sprint performance, power output and strength, and also the current situation in the use of the optimal load in resisted sprint training. The data were obtained from an analysis carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed and SportDiscus databases from 1985 to 2012, with the key words “Sprint Running”, “Resisted Training”, “Sled Towing”, “Resisted Sprint” and “Resisted Sprinting”. Seven studies were selected as they included sled-towing exercises in sprinting. Results showed agreement regarding the load’s standard in sled-towing, and all studies utilised loads between 5% and 30% of body mass (BM). Recommendations for designing resisted sprint training with loads focus on resistance lower than 13% of BM to prevent a decrease of more than 10% in sprinting velocity and to maintain the athlete’s unloaded sprinting movement patterns. The lack of research focusing on the relationship between sled-towing exercise and power output and strength variables makes it difficult to determine the load to optimise specific strength and power in sprinting; thus, the use of higher loads in resisted sprint training programs remains limitedEl objetivo de esta revisión es analizar la literatura científica en relación a los efectos que el trabajo con sobrecarga tiene sobre el rendimiento en velocidad, potencia y producción de fuerza así como la situación actual en relación a la carga adecuada de entrenamiento. Se emplearon las bases de datos internacionales MEDLINE/PubMed y SportDiscus entre 1985 y 2012 utilizándose las siguientes palabras clave: “Sprint Running”, “Resisted Training”, “Sled Towing”, “Resisted Sprint”, “Resisted Sprinting”. Se identificaron 7 investigaciones que cubrían los criterios establecidos. Todos los estudios muestran un completo acuerdo en cuanto al criterio de selección de cargas, todas los estudios utilizan el peso corporal (PC) con cargas entre 5% y 30%. Y las recomendaciones para el diseño del entrenamiento resistido con trineo se centran principalmente en la utilización de cargas inferiores al 13% PC, de esta manera se evita una disminución de la velocidad por encima del 10% manteniéndose el patrón técnico de carrera. La ausencia de estudios que ahonden en la relación del trabajo resistido y variables de fuerza o potencia, dificulta la determinación de cuál sería la carga adecuada para la optimización de la fuerza y potencia especifica en el sprint, limitando la utilización de cargas altas en programas de entrenamiento con arrastre de trineoActividad Física y Deport

Toward a new clinical classification of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: One perspective from Spain

The introduction of singular therapies, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i), to lower high cholesterol levels requires better classification of patients eligible for intensive lipid lowering therapy. According to the European Medicines Administration, PCSK9i are recommended in primary prevention in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients. Therefore, an FH diagnosis is not simply an academic issue, because it has many clinical implications. The bases of a diagnosis of FH are not entirely clear. The availability of genetic testing, including large genome-wide association analyses and whole genome studies, has shown that some patients with a clinical diagnosis of definite FH have no mutations in the genes associated with the disease. This fact does not exclude the very high cardiovascular risk of these patients, and an early and intensive lipid lowering therapy is recommended in all FH patients. Because an FH diagnosis is a cornerstone for decisions about therapies, a precise definition of FH is urgently required. This is an expert consensus document from the Spanish Atherosclerosis Society. We propose the following classification: familial hypercholesterolemia syndrome integrated by (1) heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: patients with clinically definite FH and a functional mutation in one allele of the LDLR, ApoB:100, and PCSK9 genes; (2) homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: mutations affect both alleles; (3) polygenic familial hypercholesterolemia: patients with clinically definite FH but no mutations associated with FH are found (to be distinguished from non-familial, multifactorial hypercholesterolemia); (4) familial hypercholesterolemia combined with hypertriglyceridemia: a subgroup of familial combined hyperlipidaemia patients fulfilling clinically definite FH with associated hypertriglyceridemia