146 research outputs found
Environmental stratification based on a 28 x 28 diallel of open-pollinated maize varieties
The objective of this study was to assess the representativeness of the test environments used by the maizebreeding program of Embrapa in the first phase of genotype evaluation. Ear weight of 378 hybrids from a diallel of 28 openpollinatedvarieties (OPVs) evaluated in ten environments were used. The following environments were evaluated: twogrowing seasons (1991-92 and 1992-93), at three locations (Sete Lagoas, MG, Londrina, PR, and Goiania-GO); in twogrowing seasons (1991/92 and 1993/94) in Aracaju-SE; and in two growing seasons (1992-93 and 1993-94), in PontaGrossa-PR. The complex part of the interaction accounted for nearly 75% of the genotype by environment interaction (G x E).The environments of Londrina-91/92, Ponta Grossa-93/94 and Aracaju-93/94 differed from the others and also from eachother, as shown by stratification analysis. The phenotypic correlation between genotype means in the pairwise groupedenvironments, interpreted as coefficient of genotypic determination, indicated that non-genetic causes were responsible for64.40% of the mean phenotypic variances. The results confirmed the discrimination of three major environmental groups,representing the Northeast (Aracaju), Central Southeast (Sete Lagoas, Goiania and Londrina) and South (Ponta Grossa)regions
A estratificação e o manejo adequado da dor: Stratification and proper pain management
A dor Ă© um potencial de risco para a saĂșde pĂșblica, esta se caracteriza pela experiĂȘncia multidimensional associada a aspectos fĂsicos e emocionais. A dor alerta o perigo e evita danos orgĂąnicos, mas quando estĂĄ impossibilita atividades diĂĄrias e impacta a qualidade de vida do paciente Ă© classificada como patolĂłgica e urge por interferĂȘncia mĂ©dica. O seguinte artigo objetivou descrever atravĂ©s da revisĂŁo narrativa de literatura os aspectos referentes da dor e o seu manejo adequado. A dor Ă© um amplo complexo que possui a classificação conforme a localização, tipo, intensidade, periodicidade. As categorias referentes a dor sĂŁo nociceptivas, neuropĂĄtica, psicogĂȘnica. Ademais, as sĂndromes dolorosas sĂŁo diversas e podem acometer qualquer sistema do corpo. Ressaltando ser essencial a categorização do mĂĄximo possĂvel de informaçÔes para conduzir adequadamente ao tratamento destas enfermidades. 
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding
eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the Pierre Auger
Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum
confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above
eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law with
index followed by
a smooth suppression region. For the energy () at which the
spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence
of suppression, we find
eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger
Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers.
These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of
the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray
energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30
to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of
the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is
determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated
using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due
to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components.
The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of
the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the
AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air
shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy
-- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy
estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the
surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator
scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent
emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for
the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at
least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio
emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate
energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of
15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV
arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling
quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from
state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our
measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric
energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with
our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector
against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI.
Supplemental material in the ancillary file
O império dos mil anos e a arte do "tempo barroco": a åguia bicéfala como emblema da Cristandade
The article reveals that between the mid-17th century and the mid-18th century, in the ecclesiastical world of the religious orders (Jesuits, franciscans, Carmelites, Cistercians, Augustinian, etc.) and the episcopate, there was the progressive adoption of the imperial symbol, the double-headed eagle, attribute of the Christian Empire, the germanic Holy Roman Empire emblem. However, in the religious field, this imperial eagle of the baroque time appears without the political insignia (sword, scepter and the imperial orb), adorning altars, monstrances, trumphal archs, facades of temples, doors, walls, domes, pulpits, sacred washbasins, sculptures and paintings of the Virgin and Child, liturgical robes, etc.; therefore related to the cult and the dogmas of the Catholic faith - in artistic works, the association between the double eagle and the flesh-spirit or human-divine unity, axial principle of the Catholic faith, represented by Virgin-Mother and Christ, is often indicated directly. The research has located and identified numerous remnants of the double eagle emblem in religious field in Portugal and Spain and in their conquests and dominions in America, Asia and Africa, and also in Italy, and the historiography on painful birth of the modern era in the West has never realized this phenomenon. Symbolizing absolute power, universal power, these works with sacred significance, as the ecclesiastical discourse of the time, demonstrate movement occurred in religious plane. With the aim to assert not only spiritual but also temporal power of Christ and his mystical body, the Church was impelled by the idea of restoring the "Republica Christiana" or Christendon - disrupted by conflicts of power and faith - and of introducing a Universal Apostolic Monarchy extended to all mankind: the Empire of the Last Days, the Empire of Christ in the world, the fifth Empire
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