Una fundamentación jusnaturalista de los derechos humanos

Este artículo demuestra que, a menos que se reconozcan unas normas de Derecho natural, no existe ningún fundamento para los derechos humanos, lo cual significa que el jurista no podrá demostrar una razón válida para incorporarlos a la legislación positiva donde no lo estén. Una norma de Derecho natural es aquella que se deduce, por una correcta regla de inferencia lógico-deóntica, de cualquier norma positiva y, por lo tanto, existe en todos los ordenamientos jurídicos, aunque no esté formulada. Este estudio se lleva a cabo por dos vías: la historia conceptual de la noción de derechos humanos y el análisis lógico-conceptual de los mismos.This paper proves that, unless certain natural law norms are recognized, human rights lack any foundation, which means that no lawyer will be able to show any compelling reason for them to be incorporated into positive law where they have not been legally sanctioned yet. A natural law norm is one which, in virtue of some valid deontic-logic inference rules, can be deduced from any positive norm and hence exists in every legal system, even if not formally enacted. Our study contains to parts: a conceptual-historical account of the notion of human righs and a logical and conceptual analysis thereof

Plasmonic nanoparticles for the protection of the final optics in inertial confinement fusion facilities: capabilities and limitations

Final lenses in laser fusion plants. Challenges for the protection of the final lenses. Plasmonic nanoparticles. Radiation resistanc

Strengthening regional supply chains for agricultural transformation in Colombia

Over the last 2 decades, Colombia has gained valuable experience in supporting agricultural supply chains. The government views this approach primarily as a means of achieving agricultural transformation, and to this end the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR, its Spanish acronym) has designed a set of innovative policies. Under these policies, regional committees plan and implement development initiatives in collaboration with the local public and private sectors. While achieving several notable successes, the committees have also come up against various challenges: boosting operational funds; developing stronger relationships with regional governments, private actors, and support systems; strengthening small-scale producer organizations; and, above all, creating a long-term regional vision for supply-chain development. Colombia must meet these challenges effectively if its public policies are to achieve the desired effect of enhancing agricultural productivity

Cooling of a suspended nanowire by an AC Josephson current flow

We consider a nanoelectromechanical Josephson junction, where a suspended nanowire serves as a superconducting weak link, and show that an applied DC bias voltage an result in suppression of the flexural vibrations of the wire. This cooling effect is achieved through the transfer of vibronic energy quanta first to voltage driven Andreev states and then to extended quasiparticle electronic states. Our analysis, which is performed for a nanowire in the form of a metallic carbon nanotube and in the framework of the density matrix formalism, shows that such self-cooling is possible down to a level where the average occupation number of the lowest flexural vibration mode of the nanowire is $\sim 0.1$.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Voltage-driven superconducting weak link as a refrigerator for cooling of nanomechanical vibrations

We consider a new type of cooling mechanism for a suspended nanowire acting as a weak link between two superconductive electrodes. By applying a bias voltage over the system, we show that the system can be viewed as a refrigerator for the nanomechanical vibrations, where energy is continuously transferred from the vibrational degrees of freedom to the extended quasiparticle states in the leads through the periodic modulation of the inter-Andreev level separation. The necessary coupling between the electronic and mechanical degrees of freedom responsible for this energy-transfer can be achieved both with an external magnetic or electrical field, and is shown to lead to an effective cooling of the vibrating nanowire. Using realistic parameters for a suspended nanowire in the form of a metallic carbon nanotube we analyze the evolution of the density matrix and demonstrate the possibility to cool the system down to a stationary vibron population of $\sim 0.1$. Furthermore, it is shown that the stationary occupancy of the vibrational modes of the nanowire can be directly probed from the DC current responsible for carrying away the absorbed energy from the vibrating nanowire.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Outlier Detection Using Nonconvex Penalized Regression

This paper studies the outlier detection problem from the point of view of penalized regressions. Our regression model adds one mean shift parameter for each of the $n$ data points. We then apply a regularization favoring a sparse vector of mean shift parameters. The usual $L_1$ penalty yields a convex criterion, but we find that it fails to deliver a robust estimator. The $L_1$ penalty corresponds to soft thresholding. We introduce a thresholding (denoted by $\Theta$) based iterative procedure for outlier detection ($\Theta$-IPOD). A version based on hard thresholding correctly identifies outliers on some hard test problems. We find that $\Theta$-IPOD is much faster than iteratively reweighted least squares for large data because each iteration costs at most $O(np)$ (and sometimes much less) avoiding an $O(np^2)$ least squares estimate. We describe the connection between $\Theta$-IPOD and $M$-estimators. Our proposed method has one tuning parameter with which to both identify outliers and estimate regression coefficients. A data-dependent choice can be made based on BIC. The tuned $\Theta$-IPOD shows outstanding performance in identifying outliers in various situations in comparison to other existing approaches. This methodology extends to high-dimensional modeling with $p\gg n$, if both the coefficient vector and the outlier pattern are sparse

La audiovisión como semiosis de la imagen-sonido

Este trabajo se orienta hacia el análisis del producto audiovisual e indaga la obra como un modo de representación de la extimidad. La relación entre el sonido y la imagen es una parte esencial de una película y, en el presente apartado, se expondrán distintos conceptos que describen esta interacción. A pesar de la importancia del sonido, siempre se omite de los análisis y del recuento de la experiencia cinematográfica, con la excepción de la música

Optimal interval length for the collocation of the Newton interpolation basis

It is known that the Lagrange interpolation problem at equidistant nodes is ill-conditioned. We explore the influence of the interval length in the computation of divided differences of the Newton interpolation formula. Condition numbers are computed for lower triangular matrices associated to the Newton interpolation formula at equidistant nodes. We consider the collocation matrices L and PL of the monic Newton basis and a normalized Newton basis, so that PL is the lower triangular Pascal matrix. In contrast to L, PL does not depend on the interval length, and we show that the Skeel condition number of the (n + 1) × (n + 1) lower triangular Pascal matrix is 3n. The 8-norm condition number of the collocation matrix L of the monic Newton basis is computed in terms of the interval length. The minimum asymptotic growth rate is achieved for intervals of length 3