Techniques for administering inhaled medicines to patients with bronchial asthma in nursing practice

Bronchial asthma due to complex etiopathogenesis, the frequency of exacerbations is a serious medical and social problem [10]. At the root of the disease lies the chronic inflammatory process, which is the main cause of symptoms [5,18]. In the therapy of bronchial asthma, the basis is drugs administered directly to the affected area of the inflammatory process by various inhalation techniques. Ignorance of drug inhalation techniques and/or failure of the patient/caregivers to make pharmacotherapy recommendations is associated with a risk of many side effects. In order for patient therapy to be safe and effective, it is necessary to carry out large-scale educational activities both among medical staff as well as patients and their caregivers in the field of aerosol therapy techniques. Streszczenie Astma oskrzelowa ze względu na złożoną etiopatogenezę, częstość zaostrzeń stanowi poważny problem medyczny jak i społeczny [10]. U podłoża choroby leży przewlekły proces zapalny, który jest główną przyczyną objawów [5,18]. W terapii astmy oskrzelowej podstawę stanowią leki podawane bezpośrednio do miejsca objętego procesem zapalnych za pomocą różnych technik inhalacyjnych. Nieznajomość technik inhalacji leków i / lub niestosowanie się pacjenta / jego opiekunów do zaleceń w zakresie farmakoterapii wiąże się z ryzykiem wielu działań niepożądanych. Aby terapia pacjentów była bezpieczna i skuteczna konieczne jest prowadzenie na szeroką skalę działań edukacyjnych zarówno wśród personelu medycznego jak też pacjentów i ich opiekunów z zakresu technik aerozoloterapii. Słowa kluczowe: astma oskrzelowa, techniki aerozoloterapii

Determining Optimal Media For Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Recovery From Hospital Sink Drains: A Prospective Environmental Microbial Study

Abstract Background: Environmental healthcare-associated pathogens are of particular public health concern, not only as potential contributors to the escalating rates of hospital-acquired infections1 noted during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, but also as valuable indicators for multidrug resistance2. Their significance extends to infection prevention and control, emphasizing the pivotal role of shaping specific interventions within healthcare settings. Rationale: The study investigates R2A agar’s efficacy in recovering environmental pathogens, specifically carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), crucial for enhancing infection prevention and control in healthcare settings. Objectives: In this prospective study conducted within hospital environments, our objective is to identify superior culture methods for recovering chlorine-injured organisms from sink drains. Through this study, we endeavor to enhance our understanding of pathogen recovery techniques, particularly in environments where pathogens are stressed and exposed to cleaning products. Effective recovery is crucial for comprehensive epidemiological analysis. Additionally, we aim to isolate, quantify, and evaluate the susceptibility of these recovered pathogens to carbapenem antibiotics. Methods: In this prospective study, a variety of agars was systematically tested and supplementary laboratory techniques, including replica plating and culture, was employed in an effort to identify an optimal recovery medium. Through these tests, recovery of bacteria while minimizing the growth of non-target organisms was essential; thus facilitating more accurate and efficient research in the field of antibiotic resistance in environmental settings. Isolated colonies underwent further testing including Kirby Bauer susceptibility testing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for bacterial identification. CLSI standards were utilized for validation of these results. Results: Notable differences were observed in colony forming units (CFUs) between TSA and R2A media, with R2A consistently yielding higher recovery for CHROMagar and KPC (mean CFU counts of 236.62 and 193.46, respectively), compared to TSA. However, TSA showed a slightly higher mean CFU count for ESBL (55.54) than R2A. The mean zone of inhibition by colony type, measured in millimeters (mm) using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion, varied among different colony types: teal (11.75), metallic blue (12.65), cream (13.88), white (0), purple (25.67), dark blue with red halo (17.19), yellow (6.75), red pink (15.25), green (2.33), and translucent (4.23). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, coupled with MALDI-tof results, revealed susceptibility to Imipenem (IPM) (average zone of inhibition of approximately 28 mm) but resistance to Ertapenem (ETP) (average zone of inhibition of approximately 12 mm) among all Enterobacteriaceae isolates, consistent with CLSI standards. Distribution of bacterial isolates identified through MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was analyzed, focusing on family categorization. A total of 70 isolates were examined (n=70). The most prevalent family observed was Pseudomonadaceae (30%, n=21). Notably, Enterobacteriaceae (15.7%, n=11) emerged as another significant family. This distinction underscores the prominence of Enterobacteriaceae within the Enterobacterales order and highlights the diverse array of bacterial families within our sample population. Such findings emphasize the critical importance of comprehensively understanding CRE-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, analysis of zones of inhibition with Ertapenem showed varied responses among colony types, with R2A medium demonstrating a higher yield of Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion: ​​ We investigated the efficacy of R2A agar in recovering environmental pathogens, particularly CRE. The addition of replica plating significantly improved both recovery rates and colony forming unit (CFU) counts. Combining R2A with replica plating emerged as the optimal approach for enhancing recovery efficiency. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing confirmed resistance to Ertapenem among all Enterobacteriaceae isolates, consistent with CLSI standards, highlighting the urgency of addressing CRE bacteria. Furthermore, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis revealed a diverse array of bacterial families within the sample population, with Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae emerging as significant families. This underscores the critical importance of comprehensively understanding CRE bacteria, especially amidst the context of hospital-acquired infections and rising rates of resistance. The findings provide valuable insights for shaping specific interventions within healthcare settings, emphasizing the pivotal role of effective microbiological culture methods for pathogen recovery and subsequent epidemiological analysis

Problems in the education of the patient with allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) due to the complex pathogenesis and steady increase in the incidence of the disease in both children and adults, is a serious problem in modern medicine. The disease affects the quality of life of the patient and / or caregivers. The nurse / nurse plays a leading role in the care of patients with AR, participating in the process of diagnosis, therapy and prevention of disease. Standard in patient care with AR education is intended to prepare the patient for self-control disease

Release of antimicrobial compounds from glass-ionomer dental cements

This thesis reports a study of the possibility of using conventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) as matrices for release of antimicrobial compounds. Sodium fusidate, cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), benzalkonium chloride (BACH), triclosan and triclosan/zinc citrate at concentrations ranging from 1% to 5% by weight were added into Fuji IX and Chemflex cements. Disc-diffusion studies showed antimicrobial effect against Streptococcus mutans. Inhibition zones were proportional to the amount of added bactericide, CPC and BACH showed highest antibacterial activity. The release of the bactericides into water was studied for time intervals up to seven weeks. The amount of additive released varied from 0.61% to 5.00% of total bactericide added and samples containing more antimicrobial agent gave higher release into the surrounding water. The release was shown to be diffusion based for the first 2-4 weeks. Compressive strength and surface hardness of reformulated materials decreased in comparison with the control specimens. Addition of bactericides also decreased the amount of fluoride released. 27Al MAS-NMR showed that aluminium switches its coordination number from four, Al (IV), in the glass phase to six, Al (VI), in the cement matrix and addition of antimicrobial agents reduced the rate of this change. Incorporation of additives also prolonged the working time. By contrast, water loss properties were not affected by additives. The overall conclusion is that the presence of additives affects the setting and maturation reactions of GICs. These results can be interpreted as showing that the additives having an effect on the conformation of the poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) component in solution. Changes in the conformation of the PAA also influence the release of key ions from the glass (Al3+, Ca2+, F- and Na+). Alteration in the balance of these ions, especially Al3+, would result in slower cross-linking processes and lower cross-link density matrix. Additionally, adsorption properties of surfactants to GI aluminosilicate glass particles can also lead to reduction in the number of available active sites on the glass which can react with PAA. The reduction in available active sites on the glass will result in a lower bonding density and thus a weaker matrix. All above will leads to the observed changes in mechanical properties, working kinetics, F- release and kinetics of conversion of Al (IV) to Al (VI)

Beauty redefined: Exploring media literacy perceptions and body image in young women

Investigating how a media literacy education intervention tool affects women’s self-objectification, self-esteem, and body satisfaction was the first purpose of the study. Secondly, participants’ perceptions of media literacy education interventions and of media imagery were explored. Objectification theory was used as a framework for understanding media imagery effects. One hundred and eighty three participants completed the online study. Participants were mainly recruited from the undergraduate Psychology participant pool at the University of Saskatchewan. The control group (n = 99) viewed a compilation of magazine advertisements and completed measures of self-objectification (i.e., the Self-Objectification Questionnaire), self-esteem (i.e., the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), body satisfaction (i.e., the Body Image States Scale), and media attitudes (i.e., the Media Attitudes Questionnaire). The intervention group (n= 84) received a media literacy education intervention tool (i.e., the Evolution video, by Dove), viewed magazine advertisements, and completed the same measures of self-objectification, self-esteem, body satisfaction, and media attitudes. The intervention group also completed open-ended questions about their perceptions of the intervention. Analyses included independent t-tests, Pearson correlations, descriptive statistics, and thematic analysis. Results indicated no significant differences between the control and intervention conditions for self-esteem, self-objectification, body-satisfaction, and media attitudes. Although significant correlations were found, most were in the direction that did not align with the predictions. A descriptive analysis indicated that women’s perceptions of themselves are negatively affected by media material. The thematic analysis demonstrated that viewing the intervention was both positively and negatively perceived. Results and limitations of the current study are discussed. Implications for practice and future research are also identifie

Problemy wychowania do sportu w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym w świetle „Wychowania Fizycznego” (1920–1939)

Artykuł stanowi opis zawartości czasopisma "Wychowanie Fizyczne" ukazującego się w latach 1920-1939, które powstało z troski o rozwój sprawności fizycznej młodego pokolenia Polaków. Popularyzowało najnowsze zdobycze wiedzy z dziedziny wychowania fizycznego zarówno krajowe, jak i zagraniczne. Dużo uwagi poświęcało rozwojowi tej dziedziny wiedzy w różnych krajach świata. Informacje te były niejednokrotnie wynikiem podróży odbywanych przez autorów artykułów. Przez cały okres istnienia czasopismo miało charakter zawodowy. Uwzględniało potrzeby praktyki pedagogicznej. Zamieszczało doskonale opracowane materiały instruktażowe. Służyło nauczycielom wychowania fizycznego w upowszechnianiu i wdrażaniu najnowszych osiągnięć w tej dziedzinie. Wybuch II wojny światowej przerwał jego wydawanie.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

The role of nursing staff in feeding a child with cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a systemic chronic disease that is characterized by chronic obstructive changes, recurrent respiratory tract infections, and digestive disorders and their consequences. In CF, digestive tract disorders include three functions: digestion, absorption and motor activity. Education on the subject of modified nutrition principles and their impact on the course of the disease, prevention of complications, length and quality of life of the child is a function of the therapy set

Concepts of the Unseen

Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.

An Evaluation of Envy within Adolescent Friendships

Envy may be an unexplored component of adolescent social relationships. The main goal of the study was to determine if envy is experienced to a higher degree between best friends than with non-friends. A second goal was to assess the correlations between envy and friendship characteristics. A total of 109 seventh-grade students responded to 3 questionnaires, the Friendship Grid, the Best Friend/Non-Friend Envy Survey and the Friendship Qualities Questionnaire. No significant differences were found between reported envy for friends and non-friends. Envy significantly correlated with conflict (p \u3c .01) and exclusivity (p \u3c .05). A major challenge for future research is to develop a more accurate measure of envy-a survey format may not be the most useful technique. The relationship between envy and conflict and exclusivity demonstrates the importance of further research of envy in order to better understand the potentially negative effects of envy on friendships