Study on biology of Thryssa dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1848) from the coast of Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

87-94The Dussumier’s thryssa, Thryssa dussumieri is one of the important component of by-catch of trawl and mini purse seine landings at Ratnagiri. The length-weight relationship indicated the isometric growth in T. dussumieri with generalized equation W = 0.0066 L 3.1077. The month-wise relative condition factor showed two peaks coinciding with peak spawning season. All morphometric lengths showed varying degree of correlation with total length. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of food revealed Thryssa dussumieri to be a carnivore, feeding mainly on mysids, copepods, diatoms and juvenile shrimps.The highest GSI value, for females, was observed during March, October, December and January. The male:female ratio was found to be 1:1.4. T. dussumieri has got a prolonged spawning season extending from September to April. The absolute fecundity ranged from 3367 to 14130 eggs with an average of 7420 eggs. Length at sexual maturity has been estimated to be 12.8 cm

Studies on growth and mortality of Moustached Thryssa, <em>Thryssa mystax</em> (Schneider, 1801) along the Ratnagiri coast of Maharashtra, India

1065-1068Growth and mortality parameters of Moustached Thryssa, Thryssa mystax were estimated on the basis of length frequency data collected during March 2015 to February 2016. The asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) were estimated to be 224 mm and 1.0 per year respectively by ELEFAN and 243 mm and 1.0 per year respectively by scattergram. t0 by von Bertalanffy plot was estimated to be - 0.0036 year. This species attains a size of 83, 142, 174 and 194 mm at the end of six, twelve, eighteen and twenty four months respectively. Mortality parameters Z, M and F were estimated at 5.58, 1.03 and 4.55 respectively. Length at first capture for T. mystax was found to be 147.5 mm. The present exploitation ratio was determined to be 0.81. Relative yield per recruit analysis showed Emax at 0.852

Studies on feeding and reproductive biology of Malabar tongue sole, <em>Cynoglossus macrostomus</em> (Norman, 1928) along the Ratnagiri coast of Maharashtra

1217-1221The length–weight relationship showed isometric growth in Cynoglossus macrostomus. Except standard length other morphometric characters indicated low degree of correlation with total length. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of food revealed C. macrostomus to be a bottom feeder, feeding mainly on diatoms, algae and mysids. Analysis on sex ratio indicated equal ratio of male :females, in most months. C. macrostomus spawns during April-May and September - November. The fecundity ranged from 3280 to 29480 eggs with an average of 18563 eggs. Length at first maturity has been estimated to be 97 mm

<span style="font-size:15.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">Age, growth and mortality studies of Indian<span style="font-size:15.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US"> squid, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US">Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli</span></i><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US"> <span style="font-size:15.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#292526;mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US">(d’ Orbigny)</span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:15.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#292526;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US"> <span style="font-size:15.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">along Ratnagiri Coast of Maharashtra, India</span></span>

93-96<span style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"="" lang="EN-US">The study on the growth and mortality of <span style="font-size: 9.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:black;="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">Indian squid Uroteuthis duvauceli<span style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">was carried out based on the length frequency data collected during February 2012 to January 2013. Using ELEFAN, the asymptotic length ((L∞)) and growth coefficient (K) were estimated as 376 mm and 0.95 yr-1 respectively. Using the von Bertalanffy’s Growth Formula (VBGF), it is seen that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">L. duvauceli attain 233, 324 and 355 mm at the end of Ist – IIIrd years respectively.<span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> The total, natural and fishing mortalities were 4.5, 1.82 and 2.68 yr-1 respectively. The Lc50 was found to be 107 mm. <span style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:="" "times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">The exploitation rate (U) and exploitation ratio (E) was calculated 0.53 and 0.54 <span style="font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">respectively<span style="font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-in;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">. The value of E max in the present study is lower than exploitation ratio E of 0.54.This indicates that to maximize the yield per recruit from L. duvauceli the efforts may be reduced from the present E of 0.54 to  0<span style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US"> .5 to sustain the stock.</span

REVIEW ON REDESIGN OF TRADITIONAL OPEN CANAL SYSTEM INTO CLOSED CONDUIT SYSTEM OF SHETPHAL MEDIUM CANAL PROJECT

This paper deals with the water distribution methods of canal irrigation and their social implications. The availability of water of water resources is limited in space and time. It was also seen that the water is stolen by the people’s results in ineffective irrigation system. The Pipe Distribution Network system is one of the best possible alternatives to overcome the limitations of conventional gravity flow Canal Distribution Network system. But it was found that there is a loss of water due to evaporation, percolation and theft. It also includes study of different irrigation system like sprinkler, flow, drip irrigation and suggesting the system as per crop pattern and water requirement. This paper includes information about closed conduit canal system of water distribution. It includes advantages of pipe distribution network over the open canal water supply system