1,903 research outputs found

    SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES NO EVENTO "MAIS SAÚDE: TODOS JUNTOS CONTRA A OBESIDADE"

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    A obesidade e o sobrepeso sĂŁo resultantes do processo de transição nutricional observado no Brasil. O desenvolvimento do sobrepeso e obesidade na infĂąncia pode estar relacionado com alteraçÔes metabĂłlicas, doenças cardiovasculares e pulmonares, problemas ortopĂ©dicos, alteraçÔes psicolĂłgicas, alĂ©m de aumentar o risco de alguns tipos de cĂąncer na idade adulta. Objetiva-se identificar a prevalĂȘncia de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes participantes do evento "Mais saĂșde: todos juntos contra a obesidade" no municĂ­pio de Cascavel-PR. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e de carĂĄter quantitativo realizado durante o evento, o qual buscou avaliar e orientar a população sobre as complicaçÔes da obesidade. Foram coletadas informaçÔes sobre idade e sexo; mensurados peso, altura e calculado o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Foi verificada a pressĂŁo arterial e realizado teste de glicemia capilar. A maioria das crianças participantes foi do sexo feminino, de nove a onze anos, com IMC adequado para a idade. O nĂ­vel pressĂłrico oscilou entre 80 a 110/60mmHg e 90 a 120/70mmhg e a glicemia manteve-se entre nĂ­veis normais, variando de 66 a 87mg/dl. Na amostra, 51,86% dos meninos estavam sobrepeso e obesos. Entre as meninas, 53,85% apresentaram IMC adequado e 30,77% estava sobrepeso. Embora as doenças cardiovasculares apresentem seus sintomas em idades mais tardias, os fatores desencadeadores estĂŁo presentes na infĂąncia e adolescĂȘncia. Assim, a identificação precoce de sobrepeso e/ou obesidade Ă© uma ferramenta de trabalho fundamental para planejar a atenção a saĂșde desse grupo visando açÔes de prevenção dos agravos tardios

    TIPO DE ALIMENTOS E FREQUÊNCIA DE CONSUMO POR ESCOLARES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL NUM MUNICÍPIO PARANAENSE

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    Objetivo: Conhecer o tipo de alimento e a frequĂȘncia de consumo por escolares do ensino fundamental. MĂ©todo: Pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva, com coleta de dados em duas escolas municipais de um municĂ­pio do oeste do ParanĂĄ, a partir da frequĂȘncia do consumo alimentar e do recordatĂłrio alimentar de 24 horas, realizado com534 crianças, entre 06 e 12 anos de idade. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatĂ­stica descritiva. O estudo seguiu os preceitos Ă©ticos e as crianças e os seus pais consentiram a participação. Resultados: Observou-se que o consumo alimentar Ă© prioritariamente de carboidratos, produtos industrializados, gorduras e açucares, colaborando para o aumento de peso. As crianças fazem cinco refeiçÔes ao dia, contando com os lanches na escola, cuja qualidade nutricional nĂŁo foi satisfatĂłria. ConclusĂŁo: É necessĂĄrio implementar as polĂ­ticas pĂșblicas relacionadas Ă  nutrição do escolar, bem como realizar açÔes que visem melhorar a educação nutricional nas escolas e, por conseguinte fomentar uma prĂĄtica alimentar adequada, contribuindo para a prevenção de doenças crĂŽnicas

    First report of Pratylenchus penetrans (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) associated with amaryllis (Hippeastrum x hybrid), in Portugal

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    The world flower business is a highly dynamic industry and in Portugal yields around EUR 500 million a year (INE 2013). Root lesion nematodes (RLNs), Pratylenchus spp., are considered the third most important group of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) worldwide due to their large distribution, wide host range, and impact on economically important crops (Castillo and Vovlas 2007). The most recent report of RLNs parasitizing amaryllis (Hippeastrum spp.) was the amaryllis lesion nematode, Pratylenchus hippeastri, in Florida (U.S.A.) (Gozel et al. 2007). In 2016, soil and root samples of amaryllis hybrid Hippeastrum × hybridum cv. Benfica were collected from potted plants produced in greenhouses in Montijo (SetĂșbal Peninsula, Central Portugal), 50 km from Lisbon. Nematodes were extracted from soil samples according to the protocol PM 7/119 (1) (EPPO 2013) and identified to genus level based on morphometrical traits of 10 females and 11 males. DNA extraction was conducted from 10 nematodes separately, followed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the D2/D3 expansion segment of the 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes using the primers D2A and D3B (Nadler et al. 1999) and 1813F and 2646R (Holterman et al. 2006). The nucleotide sequences were deposited as MN756841 and MN756509 at the NCBI. RLNs were detected in all five samples in a concentration of around 100 nematodes/100 cm3 of soil. Some primary roots of affected plants showed small, elliptical, reddish-brown lesions and poor growth. More severely affected plants presented stunted, chlorotic foliage and had the cortical lesions enlarged to the point that rotting was severe and many roots were easily detached from the bulb; in some cases, there was not emergence from bulbs. The female body was moderately slender, almost straight when killed by gentle heat, lateral field with four straight lines, body annules distinct, lip with three annules, stylet knobs round, median bulb round, spermatheca round and filled with sperm, tail tapering to rounded terminus, sometimes with two striae. Body length was 558.99 ± 48.50 ÎŒm, body width 22.45 ± 2.02 ÎŒm, stylet length 18.52 ± 1.02 ÎŒm, and tail length 32.91 ± 7.50 ÎŒm. Values of a, c, and câ€Č ratios were 25.95 ± 2.53, 17.62 ± 3.45, and 38.49 ± 4.42; V (%) value was 80.92 ± 1.69. Males were smaller than females with body length 511.37 ± 29.90 ÎŒm, stylet length 17.55 ± 1.04 ÎŒm, and spicule length 18.53 ± 1.17 ÎŒm. No other PPN was found in the suspensions extracted from the soil samples. BLAST hits showed that partial sequence of D2/D3 rRNA loci (540 bp) was 96.2% identical (e-value 0.0) to Pratylenchus penetrans isolate MU2 (KP161612) and voucher T143 (KY828357). The partial sequence of 18S rRNA (650 bp) was 100% identical to P. penetrans isolate ILVO-Pp (MH983023) and 99.81% to P. penetrans Praty-A (AB661627). In the corresponding phylogenetic trees, both P. penetrans sequences clustered together with other species from the penetrans group (P. fallax, P. convallariae, and P. oleae) with good support (Janssen et al. 2017). Nevertheless, although all species within this group share many morphological characteristics (Subbotin et al. 2008), our specimens presented higher similarity, both morphological and molecular, with P. penetrans. So far, this RLN has been found associated mainly with potato fields in Portugal (Abrantes et al. 1987; Esteves et al. 2015); thus, to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. penetrans parasitizing amaryllis, in Portugal

    Inflammasome activation is critical to the protective immune response during chemically induced squamous cell carcinoma

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    Chronic inflammation affects most stages of tumorigenesis, including initiation, promotion, malignant differentiation, invasion and metastasis. Inflammasomes have been described as involved with persistent inflammation and are known to exert both pro and antitumour effects. We evaluated the influence of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase (CASP)-1 in the antitumor immune response using a multistage model of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development. Absence of ASC and CASP-1 resulted in an earlier incidence and increased number of papilloma. Loss of inflammassome function in mice resulted in decreased presence of natural killer (NK), dendritic (DC), CD4+, CD8+ and CD45RB+ T cells in the tumor lesions as well as in lymph nodes (LN) compared with WT mice. Increased percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells was associated with association with inflammasome loss of function. Moreover, significant differences were also found with neutrophils and macrophage infiltrating the lesions. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), but not elastase (ELA), activity oscillated among the groups during the SCC development. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ÎČ, IL-18, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and Interferon (IFN)-Îł were decreased in the tumor microenvironment in the absence of inflammasome proteins. These observations suggest a link between inflammasome function and SCC tumorigenesis, indicating an important role for inflammasome activation in the control of SCC development.Fil: Gasparoto, Thais Helena. Universidad de SĂŁo Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias BiolĂłgicas; BrasilFil: Ervolino de Oliveira, Carine. Universidad de SĂŁo Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias BiolĂłgicas; BrasilFil: Thomazini de Freitas, Luisa. Universidad de SĂŁo Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias BiolĂłgicas; BrasilFil: Ramos Pinheiro, Claudia. Universidad de SĂŁo Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias BiolĂłgicas; BrasilFil: Issa Hori, Juliana. University of SĂŁo Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de RibeirĂŁo Preto; BrasilFil: Pompermaier Garlet, Gustavo. Universidad de SĂŁo Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias BiolĂłgicas; BrasilFil: Cavassani, Karen AngĂ©lica. University Of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Schillaci, Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂ­a y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Santana Da Silva, Joao. University of SĂŁo Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de RibeirĂŁo Preto; BrasilFil: SimmĂ”es Zamboni, DarĂ­o. University of SĂŁo Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de RibeirĂŁo Preto; BrasilFil: Campanelli, Ana Paula. Universidad de SĂŁo Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias BiolĂłgicas; Brasi

    Abordagem da Administração e GestĂŁo PĂșblica na Melhoria da Qualidade e Segurança do Paciente no SUS

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    Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever como a abordagem da administração e gestĂŁo pĂșblica trabalham na melhoria da qualidade e segurança do paciente no SUS. Trata-se de uma revisĂŁo integrativa de literatura, as buscas foram feitas nas seguintes bases de dados: LILACS e SCIELO, o mecanismo de busca do Google AcadĂȘmico tambĂ©m foi uma ferramenta de auxĂ­lio na pesquisa, que ocorreram entre junho e julho de 2023. Os descritores utilizados e retirados dos DeCS (Descritores em CiĂȘncias da SaĂșde) foram: “Administração em SaĂșde PĂșblica”, “SUS” e “Segurança do Paciente”. Os critĂ©rios de inclusĂŁo foram estudos publicados entre 2017 e 2023, escritos na lĂ­ngua portuguesa e gratuitos para leitura. Como critĂ©rio de exclusĂŁo, apenas estudos repetidos entre as bases de dados, resumos, trabalhos de conclusĂŁo de curso e artigos fora do escopo. ApĂłs as buscas e triagem dos estudos, apenas 7 artigos foram selecionados para compor a amostra final. Os artigos demonstraram que a abordagem da administração e gestĂŁo pĂșblica desempenha um papel crucial na melhoria da qualidade e segurança do paciente no SUS, com a complexidade e extensĂŁo do SUS, Ă© essencial que haja uma administração eficiente e uma gestĂŁo pĂșblica competente para garantir a implementação de polĂ­ticas e prĂĄticas que promovam a segurança e qualidade dos serviços de saĂșde. Conclui-se que, a gestĂŁo em saĂșde Ă© efetiva quando cria e executa, adequadamente, definiçÔes de diretrizes claras,  estabelecimento de protocolos e padrĂ”es de atendimento, capacitação adequada dos profissionais de saĂșde e a garantia da disponibilidade de recursos e infraestrutura necessĂĄrios

    A relação expansão-avaliação da educação superior no período pós-LDB/1996. The interface between expansion-assessment of post-LDB/1996 higher education

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    This article presents the results of a two year research of a group associated to the Universitas/BR network with emphasis on the relationship between the evaluation process and the higher education growth. The analysis explains how the expansion movements and the evaluation results can explain the association between assessment, growth, quality and regulation of Higher Education in Brazil. The focus was mainly on the goal stated in government policies that evaluation should guide the expansion and on how the media reported the evaluation processes. The terms of the former presidents Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) and Luiz InĂĄcio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) were focused. The obvious expansion, led specially by for-profit institutions, occurred without a logical plan and with no interference of any evaluation mechanism, although it obeyed the norms dictated by the State. In FHC government we had a regulatory conception limited to the products (National Graduation Course Exam) and in Lula’s government the focus was in promoting quality with global and qualitative analysis, led by the National Higher Education Evaluation System (SINAES), with the purpose to integrate the assessment of students, courses and institutions. The results show that in both periods there was regularity of the exams, but very little qualitative evaluations, besides the invisibility of this process in the media. Despite the differences between the propositions, the evaluation process took place based on regulation demands that were not linked with the expansion policy. Apresenta o resultado de dois anos de pesquisa de investigadores vinculados Ă  Rede Universitas/BR com foco nas relaçÔes entre os processos de avaliação e expansĂŁo da educação superior (ES) no perĂ­odo pĂłs-LDB/1996. Foram analisados os movimentos de expansĂŁo e os resultados da avaliação para, no Ăąmbito das vertentes teĂłricas de avaliação - promoção da qualidade ou controle - compreender as relaçÔes estabelecidas entre processo avaliativo, crescimento, qualidade e regulação da ES no Brasil. Privilegiou-se o objetivo, enunciado nas diretrizes de polĂ­tica do setor, da avaliação orientar a expansĂŁo da ES, considerando ainda como a mĂ­dia repercutiu esse tema no perĂ­odo. A distinção entre o Governo dos ex-presidentes Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) e Luiz InĂĄcio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) evidenciou que a polĂ­tica de expansĂŁo, capitaneada pelo setor privado mercantil, seguiu dinĂąmica prĂłpria, sem interferĂȘncia dos processos avaliativos, ainda que submetida Ă s regras e instruçÔes normativas dadas pelo Estado. Quanto Ă  polĂ­tica de avaliação, no Governo FHC tem-se uma concepção regulatĂłria e focada no produto e no Governo Lula uma proposta de avaliação como promoção de qualidade com anĂĄlises qualitativas e globais – consubstanciada no SINAES, que propunha avaliar de forma integrada estudante, curso e instituição. Resultados apontam para regularidade apenas na aplicação dos exames (ENC/ENADE) e pequeno volume de avaliaçÔes in loco, alĂ©m de invisibilidade, na mĂ­dia, sobre este tipo de processo. Conclui-se que, apesar das distintas propostas/concepçÔes, nos dois governos as açÔes avaliativas ocorreram conforme as demandas da regulação e desvinculadas da polĂ­tica de expansĂŁo

    SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

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    Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a CiĂȘncia e Tecnologia and AgĂȘncia de Investigação ClĂ­nica e Inovação BiomĂ©dica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a CiĂȘncia e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Anais do V Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação: Educação midiĂĄtica e polĂ­ticas pĂșblicas

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    A presente coletĂąnea, que chega ao pĂșblico atravĂ©s de um suporte digital, tem como objetivo disponibilizar os papers, bem como os relatos de experiĂȘncias educomunicativas apresentados durante o V ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO DE EDUCOMUNICAÇÃO, que teve como tema central: “Educação MidiĂĄtica e PolĂ­ticas PĂșblicas”. O evento foi realizado em SĂŁo Paulo, entre 19 e 21 de setembro de 2013, a partir de uma parceria entre o NCE/USP - NĂșcleo de Comunicação e Educação da USP, a Licenciatura em Educomunicação da ECA/USP, a ABPEducom – Associação Brasileira de Pesquisadores e Profissionais da Educomunicação e a FAPCOM – Faculdade Paulus de Tecnologia e Comunicação, que ofereceu seu campus, na Vila Mariana, para os atos do evento. Os presentes anais disponibilizam o texto de abertura, de autoria do coordenador geral do evento, denominado “Educação midiĂĄtica e polĂ­ticas pĂșblicas: vertentes histĂłricas da emergĂȘncia da Educomunicação na AmĂ©rica Latina”. Na sequĂȘncia, apresentam 61 papers sobre aspectos especĂ­ficos da temĂĄtica geral, resultantes de pesquisas na ĂĄrea, seguidos de 27 relatos de prĂĄticas educomunicativas, em nĂ­vel nacional

    Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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    BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

    Jardins per a la salut

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    Facultat de FarmĂ cia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de FarmĂ cia. Assignatura: BotĂ nica farmacĂšutica. Curs: 2014-2015. Coordinadors: Joan Simon, CĂšsar BlanchĂ© i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquĂ­ es presenten sĂłn el recull de les fitxes botĂ niques de 128 espĂšcies presents en el JardĂ­ Ferran Soldevila de l’Edifici HistĂČric de la UB. Els treballs han estat realitzats manera individual per part dels estudiants dels grups M-3 i T-1 de l’assignatura BotĂ nica FarmacĂšutica durant els mesos de febrer a maig del curs 2014-15 com a resultat final del Projecte d’InnovaciĂł Docent «Jardins per a la salut: aprenentatge servei a BotĂ nica farmacĂšutica» (codi 2014PID-UB/054). Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a travĂ©s de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pels professors de l’assignatura. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autĂČnom i col·laboratiu en BotĂ nica farmacĂšutica. TambĂ© s’ha pretĂšs motivar els estudiants a travĂ©s del retorn de part del seu esforç a la societat a travĂ©s d’una experiĂšncia d’Aprenentatge-Servei, deixant disponible finalment el treball dels estudiants per a poder ser consultable a travĂ©s d’una Web pĂșblica amb la possibilitat de poder-ho fer in-situ en el propi jardĂ­ mitjançant codis QR amb un smartphone
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