Investissement, progrès technique et croissance économique

This paper combines a critical review of the current state of the theory of economic growth with some suggestions for new directions in growth theory. The development of the neoclassical theory of growth and distribution is surveyed, with emphasis on the distribution theory of J.B. Clark, the regression analysis of C.W. Cobb and P.H. Douglas, the growth accounting of R.M. Solow and E.F. Denison, and the reswitching controversy, involving critical contributions by Joan Robinson, Piero Sraffa, and Luigi Pasinetti. Neoclassical growth models, including vintage models, are based on the theoretical separation of investment and technical change, which leads to the curious conclusion that investment is not a central part of the growth process. Post-Keynesian growth models, such as those of Nicholas Kaldor and John Cornwall, deny that such a separation is theoretically or empirically meaningful, and instead put investment at the heart of the growth process. The paper constructs a growth model along post-Keynesian lines, in which the growth rate, the distribution of income, and the normal unemployment rate are endogenous functions of the propensity to invest

La disponibilité des diplômés universitaires sur le marché du travail québécois

Entre 1971 et 1981, il s’est produit une dégradation sensible de la situation du Québec, relativement à celle du Canada, en ce qui touche le nombre des diplômés universitaires au sein de la main-d’oeuvre. Des quatre grandes régions du Canada, c’est le Québec qui accusait le plus lent taux de croissance, tant par le nombre absolu de diplômés que par le nombre relatif de diplômés par millier de personnes dans la population active. Cette diminution relative de l’offre de diplômés universitaires au sein de la main-d’oeuvre québécoise avait deux causes. En premier lieu, les universités québécoises ont octroyé un nombre relativement faible de diplômés par rapport à la population d’âge universitaire. En second lieu, un nombre important de diplômés universitaires ont quitté la province. En effet, pour la période 1975-1981, on estime l’émigration nette des diplômés à quelgue 21 200, soit 19,6 % des diplômes conférés au cours de cette période. Étant donné l’influence qu’exercent les universitaires sur la croissance économique, dans les industries de haute technologie en particulier, il serait souhaitable que le gouvernement du Québec reconsidère les réductions qu’il se propose d’apporter aux budgets des universités

THE DE-GERMANICISING OF ENGLISH

Article信州大学教養部紀要. 第一部, 人文科学. 第二部, 自然科学 14: 71-103(1980)departmental bulletin pape

Renaissance and Reformation

Article信州大学教養部紀要. 第一部, 人文科学. 第二部, 自然科学 13: 23-51(1979)departmental bulletin pape

'Toast and Torpedoes': World War Two Naval Warfare on Film 1939-1960

This study will make an original contribution to the understanding of how naval warfare in World War Two was presented in popular British cinema between 1939 and 1960. The study examines the distinctive nature of naval war films, notable for the way in which both the warlike and domestic are mixed, and uses this as the starting-point to consider what the films reveal of attitudes about social class, gender roles, and 'the enemy'; and how this has been modified since 1945. It considers changes in representation between wartime and post-war films by analysing a selection of films using an empirical and historical methodology developed by Richards, Chapman and others, which places them in the context of the social and political climate of their production. The shift towards portraying an 'officer's war'in post war naval films has been examined in terms of its suggested causes, amongst which are class conflict, the availability of source material for film-makers, and a nation attempting consolation in the face of lost pre-eminence. Furthermore, the portrayal of 'the domestic' in the films allows the study to examine the connections between wartime masculinities and the shaping of attitudes to the enemy, to a sense of national identity and also to the way the wartime role and conduct of women is shown. This complements an examination of the way the portrayal of different social classes and the use in films of 'accented' language link to the promotion of the ideal of a 'People's War. The contrast between the portrayal of this idea in wartime film and its postwar modification completes the study

A near real-time algorithm for flood detection in urban and rural areas using high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar images

A near real-time flood detection algorithm giving a synoptic overview of the extent of flooding in both urban and rural areas, and capable of working during night-time and day-time even if cloud was present, could be a useful tool for operational flood relief management and flood forecasting. The paper describes an automatic algorithm using high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite data that assumes that high resolution topographic height data are available for at least the urban areas of the scene, in order that a SAR simulator may be used to estimate areas of radar shadow and layover. The algorithm proved capable of detecting flooding in rural areas using TerraSAR-X with good accuracy, and in urban areas with reasonable accuracy

Near real-time flood detection in urban and rural areas using high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar images

A near real-time flood detection algorithm giving a synoptic overview of the extent of flooding in both urban and rural areas, and capable of working during night-time and day-time even if cloud was present, could be a useful tool for operational flood relief management. The paper describes an automatic algorithm using high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite data that builds on existing approaches, including the use of image segmentation techniques prior to object classification to cope with the very large number of pixels in these scenes. Flood detection in urban areas is guided by the flood extent derived in adjacent rural areas. The algorithm assumes that high resolution topographic height data are available for at least the urban areas of the scene, in order that a SAR simulator may be used to estimate areas of radar shadow and layover. The algorithm proved capable of detecting flooding in rural areas using TerraSAR-X with good accuracy, classifying 89% of flooded pixels correctly, with an associated false positive rate of 6%. Of the urban water pixels visible to TerraSAR-X, 75% were correctly detected, with a false positive rate of 24%. If all urban water pixels were considered, including those in shadow and layover regions, these figures fell to 57% and 18% respectively

Relationship between Respiratory Load Perception and Perception of Nonrespiratory Sensory Modalities in Subjects with Life-Threatening Asthma

Subjects with life-threatening asthma (LTA) have reported decreased sensitivity to inspiratory resistive (R) loads. It is unknown if decreased sensitivity is specific for inspiratory R loads, other types of respiratory loads, or a general deficit affecting sensory modalities. This study hypothesized that impairment is specific to respiratory stimuli. This study tested perceptual sensitivity of LTA, asthmatic (A), and nonasthmatic (NA) subjects to 4 sensory modalities: respiratory, somatosensory, auditory, visual. Perceptual sensitivity was measured with magnitude estimation (ME): respiratory loads ME, determined using inspiratory R and pressure threshold (PT) loads; somatosensory ME, determined using weight ranges of 2–20 kg; auditory ME, determined using graded magnitudes of 1 kHz tones delivered for 3 seconds bilaterally; visual ME, determined using gray-to-white disk intensity gradations on black background. ME for inspiratory R loads lessened for LTA over A and NA subjects. There was no significant difference between the 3 groups in ME for PT inspiratory loads, weight, sound, and visual trials. These results demonstrate that LTA subjects are poor perceivers of inspiratory R loads. This deficit in respiratory perception is specific to inspiratory R loads and is not due to perceptual deficits in other types of inspiratory loads, somatosensory, auditory, or visual sensory modalities