Trabajo de Prácticum del Grado en Trabajo Social (4º Curso)

La iniciativa de este programa parte de los supuestos que hacen vulnerable a las personas mayores ya que la sociedad los aísla y excluye de las cuestiones o actividades actuales y del contacto con otras generaciones. El Centro de Día para Mayores de 65 años Luis Peidró, ubicado en el distrito de Vallecas, sería el lugar idóneo para poder comenzar con esta unión entre generaciones, ya que cuenta con índice de envejecimiento elevado. En este programa se hace necesaria su implicación para el desarrollo de la comunidad

Rapid authentication and composition determination of cellulose films by UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy

In recent years, efforts to develop new materials for the food industry have focused mainly on polysaccharides- and proteins-based films or coatings. Fast and inexpensive analytical tools are needed to guarantee their compositions. This work evaluates the feasibility of a rapid and accurate method based on UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques to analyze polysaccharide-based films for authentication and composition determination. As case study, cellulose-based films (vegetable and bacterial) combined with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol were used as biocomposite models. Applying chemometric techniques, it was obtained models to predict the content of chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose. Linear discriminant analysis was used to authenticate cellulose films, showing an accuracy of 100% to classify cellulose films as function on the cellulose source (vegetable or bacterial). It was concluded that UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics can be used to authenticate the origin and determine the composition of polysaccharide-based filmsS

Validation of microsatellite markers for cytotype discrimination in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon

Brachypodium distachyon (2n = 2x = 10) is a small annual grass species where the existence of three different cytotypes (10, 20 and 30 chromosomes) has long been regarded as a case of autopolyploid series, with x = 5. However, it has been demonstrated that the cytotypes assumed to be polyploids represent two separate Brachypodium species recently named as B. stacei (2n = 2x = 20) and B. hybridum (2n = 4x = 30). The aim of this study was to find a PCR-based alternative approach that could replace standard cytotyping methods (i. e., chromosome counting and flow cytometry) to characterize each of the three Brachypodium species. We have analyzed with four microsatellite (SSR) markers eighty-three Brachypodium distachyon-type lines from varied locations in Spain, including the Balearic and Canary Islands. Within this set of lines, 64, 4 and 15 had 10, 20 and 30 chromosomes, respectively. The surveyed markers produced cytotype-specific SSR profiles. So, a single amplification product was generated in the diploid samples, with non-overlapping allelic ranges between the 2n = 10 and 2n = 20 cytotypes, whereas two bands, one in the size range of each of the diploid cytotypes, were amplified in the 2n = 30 lines. Furthermore, the remarkable size difference obtained with the SSR ALB165 allowed the identification of the Brachypodium species by simple agarose gel electrophoresis

Microenterprises financing in Mexico City. A FOCO* model application

[ESP] Este trabajo presenta los resultados del otorgamiento de microcréditos a microempresas como parte de un Programa Público (PP) en el Distrito Federal en México. El objetivo es la verificación cuantitativa de la gestión del crédito, y el impacto del mismo en los indicadores FOCO*, con la finalidad de detectar si fue correctamente administrado. Se compararon los indicadores FOCO* de las microempresas con los distintos tipos de créditos proporcionados por el PP. Una valoración integral permitió concluir que las microempresas en funcionamiento aprovechan mejor los créditos que las de nueva creación, los créditos refaccionarios son mejor administrados que los de habilitación o avío. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los microempresarios no utilizan los recursos para los fines que señalaron al solicitarlos y más del 90% de las microempresas están en peligro de quiebra. [ENG] This paper focus on the outcome of a Public Program (PP) granting microcredits to microenterprises in Mexico City (Mexico). The aim is to monitor credit management and credit's impact on FOCO* indicators to detect whether credit was properly administered. FOCO* indicators for microenterprises that received different types of loans provided by the PP were compared. A comprehensive assessment, allowed detecting that experienced microenterprises manage credits better than the new ones, and investment credit are better managed than working capital credit. However, most micro entrepreneurs do not finance what they specified when filling the credit application, and more than 90% of microenterprises may fall into bankruptcy

Departments, knowledge and technicians for a provincial State: from agronomist to a lencinismo public official, Mendoza, 1918-1930

Los abordajes sobre las instituciones públicas y los agentes que las integran permiten desmenuzar las dinámicas de un Estado en constante proceso de transformación y complejización. Desde esta perspectiva, y atendiendo a las particularidades de un gobierno provincial, en este trabajo nos detenemos en la trayectoria de un enólogo e ingeniero agrónomo –Leopoldo Suárez–, quien entre 1918 y 1930 se habría consolidado como el epicentro de un núcleo de técnicos y profesionales liberales que respaldaron y legitimaron el proyecto económico, social y político de la Unión Cívica Radical lencinista en Mendoza. Esperamos que la reconstrucción de esta trayectoria aporte elementos empíricos para reflexionar sobre la relación entre producción de saberes, técnicos y Estado en un espacio local-regional, en un período en que esta relación no estaba aún fortalecida.The approaches on government departments and their bureaucracies allow shred the dynamics and actors that make up a State in a constant process of transformation and complexity. From this perspective, and attending to the particularities of a provincial State, in this paper, we focus on the trajectory of an oenologist and agronomist engineer Leopoldo Suárez, who would become the epicenter of a core of technicians and professionals who supported and legitimized the economic, social and political project of the Unión Cívica Radical lencinista in Mendoza between 1918 and 1930. We hope that the reconstruction of this trayectory will provide empirical elements to reflect on the relationship between knowledge production, technicians and State in a local and regional space, in a period when this relationship was not even strengthened

Instituciones, saberes y expertos para un Estado provincial: Leopoldo Suárez, de agrónomo a funcionario itinerante del lencinismo, Mendoza, 1918-1930

Los abordajes sobre las instituciones públicas y los agentes que las integran permiten desmenuzar las dinámicas de un Estado en constante proceso de transformación y complejización. Desde esta perspectiva, y atendiendo a las particularidades de un gobierno provincial, en este trabajo nos detenemos en la trayectoria de un enólogo e ingeniero agrónomo –Leopoldo Suárez–, quien entre 1918 y 1930 se habría consolidado como el epicentro de un núcleo de técnicos y profesionales liberales que respaldaron y legitimaron el proyecto económico, social y político de la Unión Cívica Radical lencinista en Mendoza. Esperamos que la reconstrucción de esta trayectoria aporte elementos empíricos para reflexionar sobre la relación entre producción de saberes, técnicos y Estado en un espacio local-regional, en un período en que esta relación no estaba aún fortalecida

Copper-catalyzed O-alkenylation of phosphonates

Copper catalysis allows the direct oxygen alkenylation of dialkyl phosphonates with alkenyl(aryl)iodonium salts with selective transfer of the alkenyl group. This novel methodology proceeds with a wide range of phosphonates under mild conditions and gives straightforward access to valuable enol phosphonates in very good yields.Financial support from the AEI (CTQ2017-88451-R), Xunta de Galicia (ED431F 2016/006; ED431C 2018/04; Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2016-2019, ED431G/09) and the European Union (ERDF) is gratefully acknowledged. N. V.-G. thanks AEI for a predoctoral FPI fellowshipS

FOCO Indicators to measure the effectiveness in the use of microcredit

[ESP] No obstante que el objetivo fundamental de los microcréditos es el apoyo para creación de fuentes productivas y autoempleo, las diferentes Instituciones Microfinancieras (IMF) dan poco o nulo seguimiento a la eficacia de la aplicación de los financiamientos otorgados, siendo su principal preocupación la recuperación del crédito. Este trabajo propone un conjunto de indicadores financieros como una metodología que ayude a medir la eficacia en la utilización del microcrédito y detectar posibles ineficacias en la gestión financiera de la microempresa. Para validar la aplicación del modelo se seleccionó una muestra piloto discrecional de 35 microempresas detectando que mejoraron en su operación financiera en el año 2012 comparado con 2011 y que las microempresas con créditos refaccionarios tuvieron mejores resultados que las microempresas con créditos de habilitación o avío. [ENG] Although the primary objective of microcredit is support for creating productive and self-employment sources, Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) provide little monitoring about correct implementation of microcredit, their main concern is recovery credits. This paper proposes a set of financial indicators as a methodology to measure the effectiveness of the use of microcredit and detect inefficiencies in the financial management. In order to validate de model, this was applied a discretionary sample of 35 microenterprises, detecting that financial operation in 2012 was better than 2011 and those microbusiness with fixed asset loan improved their results more than working capital loan

Air quality in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

Studies of different gaseous contaminants and particulate matter were made in several cities of the Buenos Aires Province in Argentina. These cities have noticeable differences in relation to the number of inhabitants, vehicular density, industrial activities, etc. They are La Plata, Bahía Blanca, Mar del Plata, Pergamino and San Nicolás, among other towns. In each city, continuous monitoring equipment with electrochemical sensor technology was installed, in order to determine the NOx, CO, HC, SO2 and O3 concentration. The particulate matter samples were picked up using high volume equipment and daily concentrations corresponding to total suspended solids (PM) were determined by a gravimetric method. The particles were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron diffraction analysis X-ray (EDAX). The results obtained showed a direct relationship between the type and quantity of the present particles and the general characteristics of the towns. The present study is part of the research project "Study of the Air Quality in Buenos Aires Province", financially supported by the National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion, Argentina.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicada

Air quality in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

Studies of different gaseous contaminants and particulate matter were made in several cities of the Buenos Aires Province in Argentina. These cities have noticeable differences in relation to the number of inhabitants, vehicular density, industrial activities, etc. They are La Plata, Bahía Blanca, Mar del Plata, Pergamino and San Nicolás, among other towns. In each city, continuous monitoring equipment with electrochemical sensor technology was installed, in order to determine the NOx, CO, HC, SO2 and O3 concentration. The particulate matter samples were picked up using high volume equipment and daily concentrations corresponding to total suspended solids (PM) were determined by a gravimetric method. The particles were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron diffraction analysis X-ray (EDAX). The results obtained showed a direct relationship between the type and quantity of the present particles and the general characteristics of the towns. The present study is part of the research project "Study of the Air Quality in Buenos Aires Province", financially supported by the National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion, Argentina.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicada