New Structures of Continuous Functions

الدوال المستمرة هي مفاهيم جديدة في الطوبولوجيا. ساهم العديد من الطوبولوجيين في نظرية الوظائف المستمرة في الطوبولوجيا. واصل المؤلفون الحاليون الدراسة حول الوظائف المستمرة من خلال استخدام مفهوم مجموعات gpα المغلقة في الطوبولوجيا وقدموا مفاهيم الوظائف الضعيفة والضعيفة والمتواصلة تقريبًا. علاوة على ذلك، يتم إنشاء خصائص هذه الوظائف.         Continuous functions are novel concepts in topology. Many topologists contributed to the theory of continuous functions in topology. The present authors continued the study on continuous functions by utilizing the concept of gpα-closed sets in topology and introduced the concepts of weakly, subweakly and almost continuous functions. Further, the properties of these functions are established

Non Linear Finite Element Method of Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beam

This paper describes analysis of deep beams subjected to two point loading with three different L/D ratios (1.5, 1.6, 1.71) using Non-linear Finite element method (ANSYS 9.0 software) in order to investigate the stress and strain distribution pattern at mid-section of the beam. In ANSYS 9.0 software, SOLID 65 and LINK 8 element represent concrete and reinforcing steel bars. Non-linear material properties were defined for both elements .Using ANSYS software Flexural Strains and Stresses were determined at mid-section of the beam and shear stresses near the support of the beam. Also the failure crack-patterns were obtained. Variation of flexural stresses and strains, shear stresses were plotted. It was foun

Looking Beyond Inflationary Cosmology

In spite of the phenomenological successes of the inflationary universe scenario, the current realizations of inflation making use of scalar fields lead to serious conceptual problems which are reviewed in this lecture. String theory may provide an avenue towards addressing these problems. One particular approach to combining string theory and cosmology is String Gas Cosmology. The basic principles of this approach are summarized.Comment: invited talk at "Theory Canada 1" (Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, June 2 - 4, 2005) (references updated

The SPTPoL extended cluster survey

We describe the observations and resultant galaxy cluster catalog from the 2770 deg2 SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey (SPT-ECS). Clusters are identified via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect and confirmed with a combination of archival and targeted follow-up data, making particular use of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). With incomplete follow-up we have confirmed as clusters 244 of 266 candidates at a detection significance ξ ≥ 5 and an additional 204 systems at 4 4 threshold, and 10% of their measured SZ flux. We associate SZ-selected clusters, from both SPT-ECS and the SPT-SZ survey, with clusters from the DES redMaPPer sample, and we find an offset distribution between the SZ center and central galaxy in general agreement with previous work, though with a larger fraction of clusters with significant offsets. Adopting a fixed Planck-like cosmology, we measure the optical richness-SZ mass (l - M) relation and find it to be 28% shallower than that from a weak-lensing analysis of the DES data-a difference significant at the 4σ level-with the relations intersecting at λ = 60. The SPT-ECS cluster sample will be particularly useful for studying the evolution of massive clusters and, in combination with DES lensing observations and the SPT-SZ cluster sample, will be an important component of future cosmological analyses