Breast Cancer Detection

Breast Cancer is highly predominant in women in today’s world. It starts in the breast during the initial stages and spreads to other areas of the body after some period of time. Breast cancer is the second-largest disease leading to the death of women. The disease is curable if detected early enough. Breast Cancer Application monitors the abnormal growth of breast cells during the early stages. They are often diagnosed during the advanced stages of breast cancer. It is the second most diagnosed cancer in women, affecting one in every eight women. Our project comprises two modules, first consists of an application with user login and self-test examine section where and the second section consists of identifying benign and malignant cells. The second section will be used by doctors' side for the detection of abnormalities of breasts as early as possible by providing the user screening data set. It contains Machine Learning techniques for the classification of malignant and benign tumors. There are more treatment options and a better chance of survival. If breast cancer is detected during the early stages then there is a 93 percent of higher survival rate in the first five years

Approaches and Technologies for Preservation of Sugarcane juice: A Review

Every region of India has access to the cooling sweet soft drink known as sugarcane juice. It is  an essential product on the world market since it has great health advantages. Sugarcane juice  competes with other soft drinks in the market pushed by health-conscious consumers, and the sugarcane growers profit financially. To extend the shelf life of sugarcane juice, processing must be combined with the development of appropriate preservation methods. Researchers have looked into a variety of sugarcane juice preservation techniques, including chemical, thermal, and non-thermal techniques. Pasteurization is one of the many methods that are used  for preserving sugarcane juice. Pasteurization, however, results in the loss of flavor, aroma, colour, taste, and vital nutrients. Non-thermal procedures, which can preserve the nutritional and sensory qualities of fresh juices, are now receiving more attention. This review article examines numerous preservation methods for sugarcane juice, analyses them, and suggests a course of action to assist determine the best method for doing so. Different criteria for different  types of technologies are discussed with their advantages and drawbacks. Technologies which  do not use chemical additives have also been discussed, while taking their industrial scalability and economical aspects under consideration. Prime focus is kept on developing a technology which is economical, industrially acceptable and greener for the environment

Pregnancy in rudimentary horn of unicornuate uterus: a rare case

Congenital malformations of the female genital tract result from embryological maldevelopment of Mullerian or paramesonephric ducts. Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are due to agenesis, defective fusion or resorption during embryological development. Unicornuate uterus results due to defective lateral fusion of Mullerian duct. This report discussed a case of pregnancy in rudimentary horn of unicornuate uterus which resulted in rupture of the horn. A patient 35 year old G2A1 with spontaneous conception with 4 months pregnancy came to emergency room with complaints of pain in abdomen and giddiness. On examination her general condition was moderate with pulse rate of 128 bpm, blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg, pallor was present. On per abdomen examination guarding, rigidity and diffuse tenderness was present. On per vaginum examination, uterus size could not be appreciated. Her haemoglobin level was 6 gm%. Ultrasonography of abdomen showed presence of unicornuate uterus with ruptured right horn with fetus in the abdominal cavity and presence of hemoperitoneum. Immediate resuscitative measures were performed, blood transfusion was started and simultaneously patient was shifted to operation theatre for exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperatively hemoperitoneum with unicornuate uterus with non communicating ruptured accessory horn on right side was present and foetus in peritoneal cavity was seen. Ruptured horn was excised and uterus was repaired. The accessory horn and foetus were sent for histopathology examination which was suggestive of placenta increta with gestational hypertrophy and hyperplasia of myometrium with normal tube and ovary. Patient tolerated the procedure well

Advanced Digital Lymphedema Equipment

It uses a compression and deflection to leg and hand within body tissues.  The purpose of our study was the evaluation of self-reported incidences of lymphedema in breast cancer survivors and the effect of providing the patients with information about lymphedema on the extent to which lymph-drainage massage services and compression garments were used. Lympedema therapy uses air compression to inflect and deflect air in culf. Diathermy uses high-frequency electric current to produce heat deep inside a targeted tissue. It can reach areas as deep as two inches beneath the skins surface

Design And Implementation Of Non-Isolated Half Bridge DC-DC Bidirectional Converter Using Fuzzy Logic

Increasing energy demand and environment constraint of fossil fuels renewable energy is encouraged. Considering increase in energy demand bidirectional converter is widely used. the study aims to design and implement a Half bridge non isolated bidirectional DC to DC converter using fuzzy logic. In the presence of dc mains the converter operates as buck converter and charges the battery. When the dc mains fail, the converter operates as boost converter and the battery feeds the load. In both the modes the power switches are controlled by PWM technique and the PWM pulses are generated by application of fuzzy logic controller. The proposed converter with controller is implemented and simulated in MATLAB and the design is validated

Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Cassia Auriculata Ethanolic Seed Extract in Wistar Rats

Background: Urolithiasis is a medical condition that, despite substantial research in the field of urology, has yet to find a cure within the allopathic medical approach. The process of stone development, known as nephrolithiasis, can occur within the kidney or any segment of the urinary tract, encompassing the ureters and bladder. Material and Methods: The seeds of Cassia auriculata (Linn.) were obtained in June 2021 from Mettukadai hamlet, located in the Erode District of Tamilnadu, India. The herbarium of the plant was meticulously assembled, verified, and afterwards deposited as a voucher specimen. The voucher specimen was retained within the college premises for future reference. Results: The current investigation involved conducting a preliminary phytochemical analysis on the ethanolic seed extract of Cassia auriculata Linn. The research revealed the existence of many phytochemical constituents, including Alkaloids, Flavanoids, Carbohydrate, Sterols, Phytosterols, Phenols, Terpenoids, Amino acids, and Anthraquinones. The acute toxicity experiments revealed that rats exhibited tolerance to a maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, and no discernible alterations in behavior were detected across all experimental groups. Hence, fractions equivalent to one-fourth and one-eighth of the maximum tolerated dose of 200 mg/kg body weight were selected for subsequent investigations. Conclusion: In summary, the findings suggest that the application of an ethanolic seed extract derived from Cassia auriculata Linn effectively decreased the progression of urinary stone formation. Additionally, it appears that the efficacy of the treatment impact surpasses that of its preventative counterpart

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

An effective heuristic algorithm for multiple vehicle routing problem

In the globalization of the economy, the shipping costs of a product is a significant component of an organization's overall expenses. A well-planned delivery schedule can reduce transportation costs of industries; however, planning an efficient routing can be complex and time-consuming. This research presents a Heuristic approach for large-scale, multiple-vehicle routing problems, using a grouping technique with a modified minimal spanning tree with its implementation in computer programming. For testing the practicability of the proposed algorithm, various cases are created and compared with the outputs of the mostly used K-mean Clustering algorithm. The results of test cases show that the proposed heuristic provides consistent good-quality of solutions within a smaller elapsed time. The distance of the Heuristic method was on an average 22% less and the elapsed time for the Heuristic method was on an average 58% less than the outputs of K-means Clustering model using the real-world applied cosine distance for large size problems. Additionally, some more modifications in the regrouping section of programming might lead to better outcomes. The successful development of the heuristic approach can be applied to many different kinds of combinatorial optimization, such as waste collection management, and package delivery

Diabetic retinopathy detection : methods and challenges

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) mostly affects the people as a result of diabetes and it leads to blindness. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects the eyes as a result of increased blood glucose levels. Among people in the 70-year-old age group, 50% of deaths are associated with diabetes. Detection of diabetes at a early stage and taking a proper treatment can reduce vision loss among the patients. Once DR symptoms are recognized, the severity of the disease must be assessed in order to prescribe the correct medication. There are five stages of severity of diabetic retinopathy, Mild Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR),Moderate NPDR, Severe NPDR, Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(PDR) and No DR(Diabetic Retinopathy).This paper summarizes DR detection methods and problems. © 2019 IEEE.E