When is the annihilating ideal graph of a zero-dimensional quasisemilocal commutative ring complemented?

AbstractLet R be a commutative ring with identity. Let A(R) denote the collection of all annihilating ideals of R (that is, A(R) is the collection of all ideals I of R which admits a nonzero annihilator in R). Let AG(R) denote the annihilating ideal graph of R. In this article, necessary and sufficient conditions are determined in order that AG(R) is complemented under the assumption that R is a zero-dimensional quasisemilocal ring which admits at least two nonzero annihilating ideals and as a corollary we determine finite rings R such that AG(R) is complemented under the assumption that A(R) contains at least two nonzero ideals

Evaluation of relationship between timing of surgery and functional outcome considering the extent of neurological deficit in patients with cauda equina syndrome secondary to lumbar disc herniation

Background: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare but severe neurological disorder most commonly due to lumbar disc herniation. The role of urgent surgery in improving the outcome of patients with CES remains controversial.Methods: In the present study retrospective evaluation of 44 patients with CES secondary to lumbar disc herniation treated at our hospital between 2009 and 2017 has been done. The patients were categorized into complete (CES-R) and incomplete (CES-I) types of CES and the relationship between timing of surgery and outcome were evaluated.Results: Out of 44 patients, 28 patients presented with CES-I and 16 patients presented with CES-R. In patients with CES-I there was statistically significant difference (p=0.0001) in all observed surgical outcome between the patients operated within 48 hrs and those operated after 48 hrs. In patients with CES-R, no correlation was found between onset of symptoms and timing of surgery as recovery was partial in all the patients except 3 who completely recovered, irrespective of their operative times. (p=0.494).Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment in form of emergency decompressive surgery done within 48 hours of onset of autonomic symptoms in CES-I patients can prevent further neurological damage and deterioration to CES-R. For CES-R patients operating within 48 hours made no difference to their outcome. However, necessary investigations and planned surgery by skilful surgeon should be arranged as soon as is reasonably possible for patients with CES-R.

Management of complex intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in elderly patients – dynamic hip screws or proximal femoral nails or arthroplasty

Background: Ideal management of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly individuals has been debated for several years. Due to difficulty in obtaining anatomical reduction, management of the complex intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients is challenging and controversial.Methods: In the present study prospective comparative evaluation has been done between dynamic hip screws (DHS), proximal femoral nail (PFN) and bipolar hemiarthroplasty for overall clinical outcome of patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. The total numbers of patients were 90 with each group consisted of 30 patients.Results: Complication rate and requirement of revision surgery was more in DHS group but this was not found to be statistically significant. Harris Hip Score & hence the functional outcome was found to be more in PFN group as compared to DHS which was statistically significant. Bipolar hemiarthroplasty provides early full wieght bearing leading to better HHS at 6 weeks evaluation but almost similar score to PFN in long term. Conclusions: PFN is better choice of fixation if good bone quality present while extremely osteoporotic patients or extreme comminution at fracture site favours bipolar hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients

Deploying Hard Real-Time Control Software on Chip-Multiprocessors

Abstract—Deploying real-time control systems software on multiprocessors requires distributing tasks on multiple processing nodes and coordinating their executions using a protocol. One such protocol is the discrete-event (DE) model of computation. In this paper, we investigate distributed discrete-event (DE) with null-message protocol (NMP) on a multicore system for real-time control software. We illustrate analytically and experimentally that even with the null-message deadlock avoidance scheme in the protocol, the system can deadlock due to inter-core message dependencies. We identify two central reasons for such deadlocks: 1) the lack of an upper-bound on packet transmission rates and processing capability, and 2) an unknown upper-bound on the communication network delay. To address these, we propose using architectural features such as timing control and real-time network-on-chips to prevent such message-dependent deadlocks. We employ these architectural techniques in conjunction with a distributed DE strategy called PTIDES for an illustrative car wash station example and later follow it with a more realistic tunnelling ball device application

The Effects of Hypertension on Cognitive Function in Children and Adolescents

Hypertension (HTN) is found in about 3-4% of the pediatric population with long-term risks of end organ damage if untreated or poorly controlled. Although children with HTN are being more frequently screened for end organ damage (i.e., LVH), the cognitive effects of HTN and methods to screen for cognitive dysfunction have not been extensively explored. In recent years, there have been a small number of studies that have provided important insights that can guide future research in this area. These studies show that HTN can be associated with headaches, restlessness, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, decreased attention, and also poor executive functioning. By increasing the utilization of cognitive tests in hypertensive children and adolescents, important cognitive defects secondary to HTN may be detected. More research is needed in the area, and the results of future studies could have far reaching implications for long-term outcomes in hypertensive children and adolescents

Drug prescribing pattern in surgical wards of a tertiary care hospital in Western part of India

Background: In surgical wards, drugs are required to manage pain, nausea, vomiting, infections, etc. A growing number of pharmaceutical products are available in present era. Irrational prescribing of drugs is prevalent worldwide. Drug utilization study can be used to assess prescribing patterns. Authors undertook this study to determine current practice of prescribing in surgical wards of the hospital.Methods: Authors conducted observational, noninterventional, descriptive study among patients admitted in surgical wards for one year. Authors have analysed collected data of 604 patients using descriptive statistics to determine utilization pattern of drugs and drug use indicators.Results: Appendicitis (14.9%) followed by hernia (10.6%) were leading diseases for admission. Mean duration of stay was 7.44. Average number of drugs in a prescription was 8.94. Antibiotics (32.07 %), analgesics (17.11 %) and antacids (16.09 %) were leading drug groups prescribed. Amikacin (5.81 %) followed by metronidazole (5.30 %) and ciprofloxacin (5.19 %) were commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs. Tramadol (5.31 %) and pantoprazole (7.17 %) were leading drugs prescribed from analgesics and antacids respectively. All prescriptions had at least one injectable drug. At least one antibiotic was present in 92.05 % prescriptions. Majority of drugs (87.27 %) were prescribed by generic names. Proportion of drugs prescribed from essential medicine list was 84.22 %.Conclusions: Polypharmacy and injectable drug prescribing were common in practice. There is a scope for improving such prescribing practices among practitioners. Use of multiple antibiotics should be avoided whenever possible and usage should be evidence based

Reconciling Repeatable Timing with Pipelining and Memory Hierarchy

This paper argues that repeatable timing is more important and more achievable than predictable timing. It describes microarchitecture approaches to pipelining and memory hierarchy that deliver repeatable timing and promise comparable or better performance compared to established techniques. Specifically, threads are interleaved in a pipeline to eliminate pipeline hazards, and a hierarchical memory architecture is outlined that hides memory latencies