L’amic, prova’l primer ans que l’hages menester: Classical Sources of a Catalan proverb included in Sebastià Farnés’ Paremiologia catalana comparada

This paper aims to investigate the Classical proverbs listed as equivalents to the Catalan proverb L’amic, prova’l primer ans que l’hages menester by Sebastià Farnés in his volume entitled Paremiologia catalana comparada. In this paper, I will establish these Classical proverbs’ sources, consider their authenticity and correspondence with this Catalan proverb, and increase the number of Classical sources, since this Catalan proverb bears witness to its Classical tradition and is related to philosophical and literary passages that can be considered as previous manifestations of this tradition. These Greek and Latin passages are compiled and compared so as to determine the different ways in which the idea included in this Catalan proverb was expressed over time. The conclusion is that the consideration about friendship presented by this proverb is embedded into a long textual/ideological tradition which ultimately refers to the sage Solon, the poet Theognis and the philosopher Theofrast, although there may be connections with the Judeo-Christian tradition as well.This paper aims to investigate the Classical proverbs listed as equivalents to the Catalan proverb L’amic, prova’l primer ans que l’hages menester by Sebastià Farnés in his volume entitled Paremiologia catalana comparada. In this paper, I will establish these Classical proverbs’ sources, consider their authenticity and correspondence with this Catalan proverb, and increase the number of Classical sources, since this Catalan proverb bears witness to its Classical tradition and is related to philosophical and literary passages that can be considered as previous manifestations of this tradition. These Greek and Latin passages are compiled and compared so as to determine the different ways in which the idea included in this Catalan proverb was expressed over time. The conclusion is that the consideration about friendship presented by this proverb is embedded into a long textual/ideological tradition which ultimately refers to the sage Solon, the poet Theognis and the philosopher Theofrast, although there may be connections with the Judeo-Christian tradition as well

Identification of strongly correlated states of cold atoms

Treballs Finals de Grau de Física, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2017, Tutora: Núria Barberán FalconUsing a small sample of cold bosonic atoms submitted to a strong artificial magnetic field, we obtain the ground state of the system in the lowest Landau level. Our goal is to identify the ground state obtained with the known Laughlin state. The calculations have been done by exact diagonalization of the corresponding Hamiltonian. The obtained ground state is a strongly correlated state with zero interaction. This state shows all of the characteristics familiar from the fractional quantum Hall effect

Suffer, Bear, and Endure: Latin Sources of Resignation in Spanish Proverbs

Spanish refranero forms a sort of code whose aim is to guide and control the conduct of the members of the linguistic community that has coined these proverbs and uses them. A great part of the ideology that can be gathered from Spanish proverbs was already present in Classical culture. Therefore my overall objective is to trace the Classical precedents of Spanish proverbs. Particularly this paper aims to find in Latin language and literature formal or ideological precursors of a certain amount of Spanish proverbs concerning the stoic attitude we should take in order to confront misfortune. This attitude is based on facing with resignation what fate holds in store for us and it results in accepting pain as an essential part of human existence, promoting a conformist behavior that restrains aspirations to better conditions and makes it unlikely that the establishment will be broken.Spanish refranero forms a sort of code whose aim is to guide and control the conduct of the members of the linguistic community that has coined these proverbs and uses them. A great part of the ideology that can be gathered from Spanish proverbs was already present in Classical culture. Therefore my overall objective is to trace the Classical precedents of Spanish proverbs. Particularly this paper aims to find in Latin language and literature formal or ideological precursors of a certain amount of Spanish proverbs concerning the stoic attitude we should take in order to confront misfortune. This attitude is based on facing with resignation what fate holds in store for us and it results in accepting pain as an essential part of human existence, promoting a conformist behavior that restrains aspirations to better conditions and makes it unlikely that the establishment will be broken

Approaching to student intellectual debates: revolutionary representations in some university cultural magazines (Bahía Blanca, 1960-1961)

La creación de la Universidad Nacional del Sur en Bahía Blanca en 1956 se concretó en el inestable escenario político heredado del derrocamiento de Juan Domingo Perón en septiembre del año anterior. Los estudiantes que se congregaron en el nuevo espacio educativo forjaron sus ideas, intereses y aspiraciones al calor del debate en torno al fenómeno peronista pero, también, permeados por las noticias acerca de los hechos internacionales. Entre estos últimos, la Revolución Cubana ha sido identificada como uno de los elementos vitales de la radicalización ideológica de algunas formaciones políticas durante los años 60 y la década de 1970, a la vez que se ha convertido en un tópico frecuentemente utilizado en investigaciones acerca de los movimientos y las prácticas de lucha armada en América Latina. Este trabajo se propone abordar las representaciones revolucionarias que se pusieron de manifiesto, de manera muy temprana, en algunas de las revistas culturales universitarias de la ciudad. De este modo, intenta dar cuenta del funcionamiento del éxito cubano como uno de los paradigmas a través de los cuales se interpretaron los problemas de la dirigencia estudiantil ligada a la novel universidad, y sobre los que se sentaron las pautas que debían orientar la definición de la praxis futura.The creation of the Universidad Nacional del Sur in Bahia Blanca in 1956 took shape in the unstable political scenario inherited from the overthrow of Juan Domingo Peron in September last year. Students gathered in the new educational space shaped their ideas, interests and aspirations in the heat of debate over peronist phenomenon but also permeated by the news about international events. Among the latter, the Cuban Revolution has been identified as one of the vital elements of the ideological radicalization of some political groups during the 60's and the 70's has been frequently used when researching the movements and practices of armed struggle in Latin America. This paper intends to consider the early representations of the Cuban Revolution presented in some of the university cultural magazines of Bahia Blanca. The objective is to account for its performance as a paradigm through which the context of student leaders at the Universidad Nacional del Sur was analized. At the same time, these representations set the guidelines to define their future practices.Fil: López Pascual, Juliana. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Humanidades. Centro de Est. Regionales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Nest Site Selection by Kentish Plover Suggests a Trade-Off between Nest-Crypsis and Predator Detection Strategies

Predation is one of the main causes of adult mortality and breeding failure for ground-nesting birds. Micro-habitat structure around nests plays a critical role in minimizing predation risk. Plovers nest in sites with little vegetation cover to maximize the incubating adult visibility, but many studies suggest a trade-off between nest-crypsis and predator detection strategies. However, this trade-off has not been explored in detail because methods used so far do not allow estimating the visibility with regards to critical factors such as slope or plant permeability to vision. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Kentish plovers select exposed sites according to a predator detection strategy, and the hypothesis that more concealed nests survive longer according to a crypsis strategy. To this end, we obtained an accurate estimation of the incubating adult's field of vision through a custom built inverted periscope. Our results showed that plovers selected nest sites with higher visibility than control points randomly selected with regards to humans and dogs, although nests located in sites with higher vegetation cover survived longer. In addition, the flushing distance (i.e., the distance at which incubating adults leave the nest when they detect a potential predator) decreased with vegetation cover. Consequently, the advantages of concealing the nest were limited by the ability to detect predators, thus indirectly supporting the existence of the trade-off between crypsis and predator detection. Finally, human disturbance also constrained nest choice, forcing plovers to move to inland sites that were less suitable because of higher vegetation cover, and modulated flushing behavior, since plovers that were habituated to humans left their nests closer to potential predators. This constraint on the width of suitable breeding habitat is particularly relevant for the conservation of Kentish Plover in sand beaches, especially under the current context of coastal regression and increase of recreational activities.Our work received partial funding only during the years 2000 and 2001 by the Conselleria de Infraestructuras, Territorio y Medio Ambiente (Generalitat Valenciana; www.citma.gva.es). PLL is supported by a “Juan de la Cierva” postdoctoral grant of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (http://www.mineco.gob.es/) (reference JCI-2011-09588)

Home-Range Size and Space Use of Territorial Bonelli’s Eagles (Aquila fasciata) Tracked by High-Resolution GPS/GSM Telemetry

High-resolution GPS/GSM dataloggers provide spatial information of the highest quality, which outperform previous tracking methods, such as Argos telemetry or conventional VHF ground-tracking. As a result, this has improved our knowledge of home-range behavior and spatial ecology of many species, including large raptors. In this paper, we use high-resolution GPS/GSM dataloggers to assess the home-range size and the role of sex, season (breeding or non-breeding season), and breeding status (reproductive or non-reproductive individuals) on the space use of Bonelli’s eagle (Aquila fasciata). To this end, 51 territorial individuals (25 females and 26 males) were equipped with GPS/GSM transmitters and were tracked over 7 years (2015–2021) in eastern Spain. Overall, we recorded 4,791,080 fixes that were analyzed through kernel density methods (50%, 75%, and 95% fixed kernels). The average individual home-range size according to the 95%, 75%, and 50% kernels was 54.84 ± 20.78 km2, 24.30 ± 10.18 km2, and 11.17 ± 4.90 km2, respectively. Overall, the home-range size of individuals occupying the same territory was similar, mainly due to the cooperative hunting behavior exhibited by the species. We did not find interannual differences in the home-range size (95% fixed kernel) of the majority of individuals, showing a strong territorial fidelity of the breeding pairs. In general, females’ home-range size was slightly smaller than males’ size due to the decrease in activity in the breeding season as a result of laying, incubation, and chick attendance at nests. No seasonal variation in the 95% kernel was found, but it was found in the 75% and 50% kernels. In regard to the breeding status, higher home-range size was recorded in the non-reproductive individuals. Moreover, we found a low neighbor overlap among the territories (4.18% ± 3.06%), which evidences a high level of intraspecific competition in the Bonelli’s eagle. Finally, this study highlights the advantages of the use of accurate telemetry information to improve our understanding of the spatial ecology of the endangered Bonelli’s eagle, which ultimately will serve to better inform management actions for its conservation.This work was supported by Red Eléctrica de España, ACCIONA Eólica de Levante, LafargeHolcim and the Wildlife Service of the Valencian Community regional government (Conselleria d’Agricultura, Desenvolupament Rural, Emergència Climàtica i Transició Ecològica, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain)

A new view of territoriality in large eagles: the territory pre-exists regardless of their occupants

Knowledge of vertebrate territoriality and spatial use is a topic of great interest in the study of animal behaviour and conservation biology. Investigating the plasticity of territory boundaries, the shape of territories and how territories can be modified depending on their owners is important to deepen our knowledge of the behaviour of territorial species. We analysed the variation and tested the similarity of the distribution area of individuals from the same territory between 2015 and 2021, using data from 51 Bonelli's eagles (Aquila fasciata) from 22 different territories, tagged with GPS/GSM transmitters in eastern Spain. We calculated the percentage of overlap between the territories of the same individual in different years using the 95% kernel density estimator. We also analysed the changes in territory size and shape following the replacement of territory owners either by a single individual or by the whole pair. Our results show that territories retain the same shape and extent regardless of the occupying members, and that their boundaries change little over time. Identifying and maintaining large eagle territories, regardless of their owners, is therefore key to ensuring the long-term recovery of these threatened species.This work was supported by Red Electrica de España, Iberdrola Foundation, ACCIONA Eolica de Levante, LafargeHolcim and the Wildlife Service of the Valencian Community regional government (Generalitat Valenciana, Spain)