Green façades and in situ measurements of outdoor building thermal behaviour

Using green façades in large cities with hot climates has been introduced in the search for more sustainable solutions for urban development. This paper presents the data collected in situ and quantifies the thermal external behaviour of a green wall and a bare one in the same surrounding environment in the city centre of Madrid, Spain. The methodological approach helps to assess the impacts of both walls on the variation of the urban temperature range at the microclimate scale in accordance with environmental physical data at different seasons and times of the day. In the summer campaign, the maximum values of air temperature reduction as measured in situ range between 2.5 °C and 2.9 °C which confirmed the values of various other studies using similar measurements. In the autumn campaign, the maximum values were half of the ones obtained for the summer, not exceeding 1.5 °C. However, these values increased after calculating similar conditions of sunlight in both façades. This comparative analysis of the experimental results on a green wall and a bare wall demonstrates that green façades can have a significant temperature reduction potential in the surrounding microclimate.The authors are grateful to the European Union Erasmusþ Program for funding the Portuguese researchers' trips and visits to Madrid

Voz e trabalho: estudo dos condicionantes das mudanças a partir do discurso de docentes

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar, a partir da manifestação de piora ou melhora de capacidade para o trabalho, os aspectos condicionantes de mudanças na relação entre trabalho e voz, segundo o discurso de docentes da rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo. Participaram as professoras que, em comparação com pesquisa anterior, apresentaram maior diferença tanto para piora (Grupo A) como para melhora (Grupo B) nos resultados do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho. Elas foram convidadas a discutir quais aspectos poderiam explicar a melhora ou piora desses resultados, em um contexto de grupo focal. Os relatos foram transcritos e analisados qualitativamente, segundo a recorrência dos enunciados. Constatou-se que o grupo A apresentou condição mais adoecida e maior necessidade de falar sobre as dificuldades no trabalho. O Grupo B apresentou mais força para enfrentar os problemas referentes ao trabalho, inclusive propostas criativas. A favor do Grupo B, também foram registradas melhores relações no trabalho quanto ao apoio social e autonomia

Inactivation Of E. Coli Mediated By High Surface Area Cuo Accelerated By Light Irradiation >360 Nm

CuO powders with different specific surface areas are reported hereby to inactivate E. coli in aqueous solution in the dark under visible light irradiation λ > 360 nm. The inactivation of E. coli mediated by the CuO suspensions was investigated as a function of the solution parameters: specific surface area of the Cu-oxides (40-77 m 2/g), amount of CuO, light intensity and fate of the Cu 1+-ion within the inactivation process. The specific surface area of the CuO was observed to play an important role during the E. coli inactivation kinetics. The light induced inactivation of E. coli in CuO suspensions (1 g/L) was complete within 4 h. The cytotoxicity of E. coli when using CuO (77 m 2/g) was found for CuO concentrations as low as 0.2 g/L. A reaction mechanism is suggested for the Fenton-like reactions due to the Cu-ions/CuO action and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in solution. These highly oxidative radicals decompose Orange II and methylene blue (MB) dyes in aqueous solution of CuO. The CuO in contact with the bacterial suspension shows a change in its surface oxidation state from Cu 2+ to Cu 1+. The outermost layer of the catalyst (5-7 nm) becomes mainly Cu 2O (80%) and CuO (20%) as observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A shift of the Cu 2p 3/2 peak from the initial position at 933.6-932.6 eV upon contact of the E. coli with CuO was observed concomitant with the disappearance of the Cu 2+ shake-up satellite lines at 942.3 and 962.2 eV. The XPS surface composition of copper catalyst is reported at different stages of E. coli inactivation and it was observed that the reduced copper oxide remains stable during the 4 h needed to inactivate the E. coli suspension. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1991105111D.K. Karlin, Y. Gulneth, In Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 35, Lippard, Ed., 1987, pp. 220-237Tolman, B.W., (1997) Acc. Chem. Res., 30, pp. 227-240Bandara, J., Guasaquillo, I., Bowen, P., Soare, L., Jardim, F.W., Kiwi, J., (2005) Langmuir, 21, pp. 8554-8559Bandara, J., Kiwi, J., Pulgarin, C., Peringer, P., Pajonk, G.-M., Elalui, A., Albers, P., (1996) Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, pp. 1261-1267Li, D., Yuranova, T., Kiwi, J., (2004) Water Res., 38, pp. 3541-3550Oppenlaender, Th., (2003) Photochemical Purification of Water and Air, , Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, GermanyGak, Y., Nadtochenko, V., Kiwi, J., (1998) J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 116, pp. 57-62Carnes, L.C., Stipp, J., Klabunde, J., Bonevich, J., (2002) Langmuir, 18, pp. 1352-1358Wang, W., Zhan, X., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Zheng, G., Wang, G., (2002) Mater. Res. Bull., 37, pp. 1092-1100Sadana, A., Katzer, J., (1974) J. Catal., 35, pp. 140-152Hai-Yan, D., Yu-Ling, C., Jing-Kui, L., Si-Shen, X.J., (1993) Mater. Sci., 28, pp. 5176-5178Walsh, D., Arcelli, T., Ikoma, J., Tanaka, J., Mann, S., (2003) Nat. Maters, 2, pp. 386-388Yokota, T., Kubota, Y., Takahata, Y., Katsuyama, T., Matsuda, Y., (2004) J. Chem. Eng. Jpn, 37, pp. 238-244(2002) Drug Ther. Bull., 40, pp. 67-69Bader, H., Sturzenegger, V., Hoigné, (1988) J. Wat. Res., 22, pp. 1109-1115Hulanicki, A., Krawczyk, T.K.V., Lewenstam, A., (1984) Anal. Chim. Acta, 158, pp. 343-355Murray, P.R., Baron, E.J., Pfaller, M.A., Tenover, F.C., Yolken, R.H., (1995) Manual of Clinical Microbiology. sixth edition, , American Society of Microbiology, Washington, D.CCooney, T.E., (1995) Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol., 16, pp. 444-450Bacsa, R., Kiwi, J., Ohno, T., Albers, P., Nadtochenko, V., (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B., 109, pp. 5994-6003. , (and references therein)Sunada, K., Watanabe, T., Hashimoto, K., (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, pp. 4785-4789Hardee, K., Bard, A., (1977) J. Electrochem. Soc., 124, p. 215Hardee, K., Bard, A., (1977) J. Electrochem. Soc., 124, pp. 215-224Goldstein, S., Czapski, G., Meyerstein, D., (1990) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112, pp. 6489-6493Bielski, J.B., Cabelli, D., Arudi, R., Ross, A., (1985) J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 14, pp. 1041-1061Petasne, R.G., Zika, R.G., (1997) Mar. Chem., 56, pp. 215-225Kieber, R.J., George, R.H., (1995) Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci., 40, pp. 495-503Cooper, W.J., Lean, D.R.S., (1989) Environ. Sci. Technol., 23, pp. 1425-1428Jardim, W.F., Soldá, M.I., Gimenez, S.M., (1986) Sci. Total Environ., 58, pp. 47-54Weiss, J., (1935) Naturwissenchaften, 23, pp. 64-67Letelier, M.E., Lepe, A., Faundez, M., Salazar, J., Marin, R., Aracena, P., Speisky, H., (2005) Chem.-Biol. Interact., 151, pp. 71-82Takeshi, N., Insook, M., Noriyuki, S., Takakiro, I., (1997) J. Biol. Chem., 272, pp. 23037-2304

Inactivation of E-coli mediated by high surface area CuO accelerated by light irradiation > 360 nm

CuO powders with different specific surface areas are reported hereby to inactivate E. coli in aqueous solution in the dark under visible light irradiation lambda > 360 nm. The inactivation of E. coli mediated by the CuO suspensions was investigated as a function of the solution parameters: specific surface area of the Cu-oxides (40-77 m(2)/g), amount of CuO, light intensity and fare of the Cu1+-ion within the inactivation process. The specific surface area of the CuO was observed to play an important role during the E coli inactivation kinetics. The light induced inactivation of E coli in CuO suspensions (1 g/L) was complete within 4 h. The cytotoxicity of E. call when using CuO (77 m(2)/g) was found for CuO concentrations as low as 0.2 g/L. A reaction mechanism is suggested for the Fenton-like reactions due to the Cu-ions/CuO action and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in solution. These highly oxidative radicals decompose Orange II and methylene blue (MB) dyes in aqueous solution of CuO. The CuO in contact with the bacterial suspension shows a change in its surface oxidation state from Cu2+ to Cu1+. The outermost layer of the catalyst (5-7 nm) becomes mainly Cu2O (80%) and CuO (20%) as observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A shift of the Cu 2p(3/2) peak from the initial position at 933.6-932.6 eV upon contact of the E coli with CuO was observed concomitant with the disappearance of the Cu2+ shake-up satellite lines at 942.3 and 962.2 eV. The XPS surface composition of copper catalyst is reported at different stages of E. coli inactivation and it was observed that the reduced copper oxide remains stable during the 4 h needed to inactivate the E coli suspension. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1991105111COST Action 540 Phonasum "Photocatalytic technologies and novel nano-surface materials, critical issues

Emerging considerations for the future development of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices

Meeting the current needs for easier, more precise and faster analyses that also follow the principles of green analytical chemistry requires novel analytical chemistry strategies. Since the appearance in this century of the first device based on a paper platform, many studies have been presented in the literature, providing a wide range of designs and possibilities for the application of paper platforms to electroanalytical systems. This Review gives an overview of the field and can pave the way for the future development of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices. We also present a critical point of view regarding what has been investigated and developed and what is still missing. This Review discusses the efforts made in the field related to important topics such as the choice of the paper substrate, the device construction process, the characterization of the device, and applications in different areas. In this way, we indicate some steps necessary for optimizing the design of the devices, with a focus on multidisciplinary collaborations that could move entire systems from the bench of the laboratory to the field611030CNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulo434303/2016-02014/50867-3; 2013/22127-2; 2016/08166-3; 2016/14507-8; 2017/05213-