188 research outputs found

    Is Cystatin C a promising marker of renal function, at birth, in neonates prenatally diagnosed with congenital kidney anomalies?

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    Assessment of neonatal renal function remains a challenge. This study by Paloma et al. suggest that low-molecular weight proteins may indeed serve as promising markers of renal function at birth and in neonates prenatally diagnosed with congenital kidney anomalie

    Le Chili et les mouvements migratoires

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    Depuis le XVe siĂšcle, l’histoire du Chili s’est construite autour des migrations de peuplement. Si elle Ă©tait au dĂ©part constituĂ©e par des mouvements de populations internes au continent amĂ©ricain, l’immigration des EuropĂ©ens au Chili commence avec la conquĂȘte espagnole. Elle se poursuit notamment aux XIXe et XXe siĂšcles par l’arrivĂ©e de populations venues de toute l’Europe cherchant au Chili une terre d’accueil. La dictature de Pinochet va susciter d’importants flux en sens inverse : une partie de la population quittera le pays, contribuant Ă  ouvrir le Chili au reste du monde

    Exposer le patrimoine des Ă©coles d’art en Europe : un intĂ©rĂȘt rĂ©solument contemporain

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    Les Ă©coles d’art des grandes capitales europĂ©ennes fondĂ©es Ă  travers l’Europe, du xviie au xviiie siĂšcle, formulent aujourd’hui les mĂȘmes questions : comment mieux connaĂźtre et mieux valoriser le patrimoine des Ă©coles d’art, et Ă  quelles fins ? De l’ouverture d’un nouvel espace musĂ©al Ă  la Royal Academy de Londres en 2016 Ă  celle de la collection anatomique de Dresde en 2018, force est de constater que partout en Europe l’intĂ©rĂȘt se porte sur ces collections atypiques dans l’univers musĂ©al, oĂč les chefs-d’Ɠuvre se mĂȘlent aux dessins et plĂątres pĂ©dagogiques. Montrer ces collections, c’est donner Ă  voir l’histoire de l’enseignement des artistes, la maniĂšre dont « le devenir artiste » s’enseigne, parfois avec des injonctions contradictoires et des approches variĂ©es. Les rĂ©ponses apportĂ©es dans les grandes acadĂ©mies europĂ©ennes diffĂšrent en raison de leurs histoires, confondues puis sĂ©parĂ©es de l’institution musĂ©ale, et parfois de la section archĂ©ologique de l’universitĂ©. En parcourant l’Europe, de Londres Ă  aux grandes villes allemandes, de Madrid Ă  Vienne en poussant jusqu’à Saint-PĂ©tersbourg, cet article veut offrir un panorama des choix musĂ©ographiques opĂ©rĂ©s afin de valoriser le patrimoine des Ă©coles d’art. Les collections, parfois rapidement qualifiĂ©es de « pĂ©dagogiques », tĂ©moignent de l’histoire du regard portĂ© sur les modĂšles italiens puis sur l’art grĂ©co-romain, ou la tĂ©nacitĂ© du modĂšle naturaliste. C’est ainsi une histoire du regard artiste qui se rĂ©vĂšle, comme le montrent les choix opĂ©rĂ©s Ă  la Royal Academy de Londres.Today, the art schools of the big European capitals, which were created throughout all Europe from the 17th to the 18th century, are all asking the same questions: how can we better know, and better highlight, the heritage of art schools, and to what end? From the opening of a new museum space in the Royal Academy in London in 2016 to the opening of the Dresden school’s anatomy collection in 2018, we are compelled to admit that there is interest all across Europe in these atypical (for the museum world) collections, where known masterpieces are set next to the pedadogical drawings and plaster casts. To display these collections is to display the history of artist teaching, the way that “becoming an artist” is taught, sometimes with contradictory injunctions and varied approaches. The responses brought by the great European academies are different from each other due to their histories, they were a part of, then separated from the museum institution, and sometimes from the archaeological section of the university. By travelling across Europe, from London to the big German cities, from Madrid to Vienna and even as far as Saint Petersburg, this article aims to show a panorama of the museographic choices that were made to highlight the patrimony of art schools. The collections, which were briefly referred to as “pedagogical”, are a testimony of the history of how Italian models, and then greco-roman art, or the tenacity of the naturalist model, were seen. Thus it reveals the history of the artist’s way of seeing as shown by the choices made by the Royal Academy of London

    Des Ă©coles d’art acadĂ©miques aux Ă©coles d’art : des collections et des lieux, un patrimoine Ă  valoriser

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    L’ambition de ce numĂ©ro est de mettre en valeur sur le plan français et europĂ©en un patrimoine encore trop mĂ©connu, celui des Ă©coles d’art, souvent malmenĂ© en raison de sa perte de valeur d’usage au sein de la pĂ©dagogie artistique. Partout en Europe, l’éducation de l’Ɠil et de la main de l’artiste s’est en effet largement transformĂ©e dans la deuxiĂšme moitiĂ© du xxe siĂšcle, discrĂ©ditant notamment l’exercice de la copie qui se pratiquait Ă  l’aide d’estampes, de dessins ou de rondes-bosses qui on..

    LE NUMERO EN BREF — Des Ă©coles d’art acadĂ©miques aux Ă©coles d’art : des collections et des lieux, un patrimoine Ă  valoriser

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    En Europe et particuliĂšrement en France, le patrimoine des Ă©coles d’art est aujourd’hui l’objet de nombreuses Ă©tudes. Alors qu’à la faveur de recherches menĂ©es sur la provenance ou la propriĂ©tĂ© d’Ɠuvres qu’ils conservent des musĂ©es retrouvent et interrogent leurs liens avec les premiĂšres Ă©coles d’art au xviiie siĂšcle, nombre de modĂšles, dont l’usage s’était perdu dans la seconde moitiĂ© du xxe siĂšcle, sont redĂ©couverts. Chercheurs, professionnels de l’histoire de l’art et du patrimoine apporte..

    Le modĂšle vivant, patrimoine absent des Ă©coles d’art acadĂ©miques

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    Le patrimoine pĂ©dagogique conservĂ© dans les Ă©coles d’art issues des anciennes Ă©coles acadĂ©miques aurait tendance Ă  laisser penser que l’essentiel de la transmission se joue dans la copie d’aprĂšs les modĂšles, antiques ou modernes. C’est oublier qu’au fondement de la pĂ©dagogie du dessin telle qu’elle est conçue en France se trouve l’étude d’aprĂšs le modĂšle vivant. Une Ă©cole de l’observation de la nature qui n’a cessĂ© de lutter contre l’hĂ©gĂ©monie du modĂšle antique favorisĂ©e par les moulages produits en importante quantitĂ© au xixe siĂšcle. Il est primordial de connaĂźtre l’histoire de ce patrimoine absent avant de concevoir une Ă©ventuelle musĂ©ographie du patrimoine des Ă©coles d’art.The pedagogical heritage that is kept in the art schools that have existed for a long time as academies would tend to let us think that most of the drawing practice transmission is done by copying from models, either antique or modern. To believe this is to forget that studying from models is at the core of drawing pedagogy as we conceive it in France. This study by observation of nature has been in a constant struggle against the hegemony of the antique model favoured by the great quantity of plaster casts that was produced in the 19th century. It is of a primordial importance to know the history of that missing heritage before we conceive any potential museography of the heritage of art schools

    L’influence de Paris et de Rome dans la constitution de collections acadĂ©miques en Europe

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    Les principales acadĂ©mies europĂ©ennes ont Ă©tĂ© fondĂ©es au long du xviiie siĂšcle, avec pour rĂ©fĂ©rences principales les AcadĂ©mies de Paris et de Rome, tant sur le plan de leur fonctionnement que de leur mĂ©thode d’enseignement. À la faveur de la circulation intense des personnes et des Ɠuvres Ă  la fin du xviiie siĂšcle et dans la continuitĂ© de la culture humaniste de la Renaissance, la cĂ©lĂ©bration europĂ©enne de l’antique s’épanouit au dĂ©but du xixe siĂšcle dans l’esthĂ©tique nĂ©oclassique, expliquant pour partie la prĂ©sence massive de plĂątres d’antiques dans les Ă©coles d’art d’Europe. Cette prĂ©sence est encore accentuĂ©e par l’immense impression produite auprĂšs des artistes par les statues antiques rassemblĂ©es au musĂ©e NapolĂ©on jusqu’en 1815. Les acadĂ©mies europĂ©ennes veulent toutes rĂ©unir les chefs-d’Ɠuvre de l’art antique sous la forme de collections de moulages. ParallĂšlement Ă  cette internationalisation des rĂ©fĂ©rences plastiques se dĂ©veloppent les premiĂšres rĂ©flexions autour d’une dĂ©finition esthĂ©tique propre Ă  chaque nation, que les guerres napolĂ©oniennes ont contribuĂ© Ă  nourrir. De nouveaux modĂšles apparaissent alors au sein des acadĂ©mies d’art, qu’il s’agisse de supports pĂ©dagogiques ou d’Ɠuvres de rĂ©ception. Le patrimoine des acadĂ©mies d’Europe se diversifie, sous l’impulsion de leurs directeurs respectifs. Les collections de plĂątres d’antiques sont Ă©galement enrichies de modĂšles nationaux, datant de l’époque mĂ©diĂ©vale ou renaissante. Ce patrimoine marque longtemps les mĂ©thodes d’apprentissage des artistes, parce qu’il propose une variĂ©tĂ© de solutions plastiques mais aussi parce qu’il incarne le rĂȘve d’une histoire de l’art en trois dimensions, peuplĂ©e de statues animĂ©es Ă  la lueur des lampes d’étude.The main European academies we founded during the 18th century, with the Paris and Rome academies as their main references, both for their ways of functioning and for their teaching method. Thanks to the important circulation of people and works of art in the late 18th century, and as a continuation of the Renaissance era’s humanist culture, Europe’s celebration of Antiquity is blooming in the early 19th century, with the neoclassic aesthetic, which partly explains the presence of so many plaster casts of antique works in European art schools. This presence is even more emphasized by the strong impressions made on artists by the antique statues that were gathered in the Napoleon Museum until 1815. European academies all want to gather the antique art masterpieces in the form of collections of plaster casts. As a parallel to this internationalisation of plastic references, the first discussions on an aesthetical definition specific to each nation begin their development, fed by the Napoleonic Wars. New models start appearing in the art academies, either teaching supports or ordered works. European academies’ patrimony becomes more diverse, led by their respective directors. The antique plaster casts collections are also enriched by national models dated from the Medieval or Renaissance eras. This patrimony has had a long-lasting impact on the teaching methods for artists, because it offers a variety of plastic solutions, and because it embodies the dream of a three-dimensional art history, filled with statues that come alive by the students’ lamps

    Antenatal and postnatal ultrasound in the evaluation of the risk of vesicoureteral reflux

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    Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is a frequent anomaly detected on fetal ultrasound scans. There is no consensus recommendation for the postnatal follow-up and/or the necessity to perform a voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) to diagnose vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We conducted a cohort/non-randomized trial of 121 patients with ANH, defined as an anterior posterior diameter (APD) ≄5mm after the 20th week of gestation, to evaluate the ability of the antenatal and postnatal ultrasonography results to predict VUR. All infants had two successive ultrasounds at 5days and 1month, respectively, after birth. A VCUG was performed at 6weeks in children with a persistent APD ≄5mm and/or an ureteral dilatation observed on at least one of two postnatal ultrasounds. In total, 88 patients had VCUG and nine had VUR, with five having high-grade reflux (>grade II). The risk of VUR increased significantly with the degree of APD detected on the postnatal ultrasound scan (p = 0.03). The odds ratios were 5.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-51.2] for APD = 7-9mm and 9.1 (95% CI 1.0-80.9) for APD ≄10mm. The results of this study show that among our patient cohort antenatal ultrasound was not predictive of reflux. There was, however, a relation between the importance of the postnatal renal pelvis diameter and the risk of VUR. A cut-off of 7mm showed a fair ability of ultrasonography to predict VUR and a cut-off of 10mm enabled all severe refluxes in the 88 patients who had a VCUG to be diagnose

    FK-506 ointment: an effective adjuvant therapy to treat a dramatic case of pyoderma gangrenosum of unilateral hand

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    Serum NGAL, BNP, PTH, and albumin do not improve glomerular filtration rate estimating formulas in children.

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    Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is difficult to measure, and estimating formulas are notorious for lacking precision. This study aims to assess if the inclusion of additional biomarkers improves the performance of eGFR formulas. A hundred and sixteen children with renal diseases were enrolled. Data for age, weight, height, inulin clearance (iGFR), serum creatinine, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were collected. These variables were added to the revised and combined (serum creatinine and cystatin C) Schwartz formulas, and the quadratic and combined quadratic formulas. We calculated the adjusted r-square (r <sup>2</sup> ) in relation to iGFR and tested the improvement in variance explained by means of the likelihood ratio test. The combined Schwartz and the combined quadratic formulas yielded best results with an r <sup>2</sup> of 0.676 and 0.730, respectively. The addition of BNP and PTH to the combined Schwartz and quadratic formulas improved the variance slightly. NGAL and albumin failed to improve the prediction of GFR further. These study results also confirm that the addition of cystatin C improves the performance of estimating GFR formulas, in particular the Schwartz formula.Conclusion: The addition of serum NGAL, BNP, PTH, and albumin to the combined Schwartz and quadratic formulas for estimating GFR did not improve GFR prediction in our population. What is Known: ‱ Estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) formulas include serum creatinine and/or cystatin C but lack precision when compared to measured GFR. ‱ The serum concentrations of some biological parameters such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) vary with the level of renal function. What is New: ‱ The addition of BNP and PTH to the combined quadratic formula improved its performance only slightly. NGAL and albumin failed to improve the prediction of GFR further
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