Optical constants of uranium plasma Final report

Thermodynamic and optical properties of uranium plasma in proposed gaseous core nuclear rocket

Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and autoimmune disease.

Occupational exposure to silica dust has been examined as a possible risk factor with respect to several systemic autoimmune diseases, including scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and some of the small vessel vasculitidies with renal involvement (e.g., Wegener granulomatosis). Crystalline silica, or quartz, is an abundant mineral found in sand, rock, and soil. High-level exposure to respirable silica dust can cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the lung and other organs. Studies of specific occupational groups with high-level silica exposure (e.g., miners) have shown increased rates of autoimmune diseases compared to the expected rates in the general population. However, some clinic- and population-based studies have not demonstrated an association between silica exposure and risk of autoimmune diseases. This lack of effect may be due to the limited statistical power of these studies to examine this association or because the lower- or moderate-level exposures that may be more common in the general population were not considered. Experimental studies demonstrate that silica can act as an adjuvant to nonspecifically enhance the immune response. This is one mechanism by which silica might be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. Given that several different autoimmune diseases may be associated with silica dust exposure, silica dust may act to promote or accelerate disease development, requiring some other factor to break immune tolerance or initiate autoimmunity. The specific manifestation of this effect may depend on underlying differences in genetic susceptibility or other environmental exposures

Systemic lupus erythematosus and genetic variation in the interleukin 1 gene cluster: a population based study in the southeastern United States

Objective: To examine polymorphisms at IL1α -889(C→T), IL1α +4845(C→T), IL1ß -511(C→T), IL1ß +3953(G→T), and IL1Ra (86 bp VNTR) in a population based study of SLE in North Carolina and South Carolina

Tuning the Kondo effect with a mechanically controllable break junction

We study electron transport through C60 molecules in the Kondo regime using a mechanically controllable break junction. By varying the electrode spacing, we are able to change both the width and height of the Kondo resonance, indicating modification of the Kondo temperature and the relative strength of coupling to the two electrodes. The linear conductance as a function of T/T_K agrees with the scaling function expected for the spin-1/2 Kondo problem. We are also able to tune finite-bias Kondo features which appear at the energy of the first C60 intracage vibrational mode.Comment: 4 pages with 4 figure

Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility

Female infertility, including tubal factor infertility, is a major public health concern worldwide. Most cases of tubal factor infertility are attributable to untreated sexually transmitted diseases that ascend along the reproductive tract and are capable of causing tubal inflammation, damage, and scarring. Evidence has consistently demonstrated the effects of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae as pathogenic bacteria involved in reproductive tract morbidities including tubal factor infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. There is limited evidence in the medical literature that other sexually transmitted organisms, including Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, and other microorganisms within the vaginal microbiome, may be important factors involved in the pathology of infertility. Further investigation into the vaginal microbiome and other potential pathogens is necessary to identify preventable causes of tubal factor infertility. Improved clinical screening and prevention of ascending infection may provide a solution to the persistent burden of infertility

Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor (FHR) Using British Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor (AGR) Refueling Technology and Decay Heat Removal Systems That Prevent Salt Freezing

The FHR uses graphite-matrix coated-particle fuel (same as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs)) and a clean liquid salt coolant. It delivers heat to industry or the power cycle at temperatures between 600 and 700°C with higher average heat delivery temperatures than other reactors. The liquid- salt-coolant melting point is above 450°C. The high minimum temperatures present refueling challenges and require special features to control temperatures—avoiding excessively high temperatures and freezing of the coolant that could impact decay heat cooling systems. We describe herein a pre-conceptual FHR design that addresses many of these challenges by adopting features from the British AGR and alternative decay heat cooling systems. The basis for specific design choices are described. The AGRs are carbon-dioxide cooled and graphite-moderated reactors that use cylindrical fuel subassemblies with vertical refueling at 650°C—meeting FHR high-temperature refueling requirements. The 14 AGRs have operated for many decades. The AGR uses 8 cylindrical fuel sub-assemblies each a meter tall coupled axially together by a metal stringer to create a long fuel assembly. The stringer assemblies are in vertical channels in a graphite core that provides neutron moderation. This geometric core design is compatible with an FHR using graphite-matrix coated-particle fuel. The FHR uses a once- through fuel cycle. The design minimizes used nuclear fuel volumes relative to other FHR and HTGR designs. The primary system is inside a secondary liquid-salt-filled tank that (1) provides an added heat sink for decay heat, (2) helps ensure no freezing of primary system salt, and (3) helps ensure no major fuel failures in a beyond-design-basis accident. The refueling standpipes above each stringer fuel assembly in the AGR core with modifications can be used in an FHR for refueling and provide efficient heat transfer between the primary system and the secondary liquid-salt-filled tank. The passive decay heat removal system uses heat-pipes that turn on and off at a preset temperature to avoid overheating the core in a reactor accident and avoid freezing the salt coolant as decay heat decreases after reactor shutdown

Enhancing evidence-based diabetes and chronic disease control among local health departments: A multi-phase dissemination study with a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial component

Examples of Intervention Dissemination Strategies and Description. (DOCX 22 kb

Magnetosheath excursion and the relevant transport process at the magnetopause

A large-amplitude excursion of the magnetosheath (MS) in quiet solar wind conditions on 17 March 2004 was recorded simultaneously by the Cluster and TC-1 spacecraft. During this period, the IMF <I>B<sub>z</sub></I> was entirely northward. The coherence between the bow shock motion and magnetopause (MP) motion is revealed and the excursion velocities of the bow shock motion are analyzed. In addition, the relevant plasma transport phenomenon in the form of flux fluctuations below the ion gyrofrequency at the MP is exposed and is interpreted as manifestation of the drift instability. Correlated observations on charge accumulation and electrostatic potential perturbation are recorded by electron measurements in high energy regime, and also the eventual cross-field vortex motion in the nonlinear stage and the consequential mass exchange are exhibited. The present investigation gives some new insight into the MS plasma transport mechanism across the subsolar MP region in quiet solar wind conditions during a period of northward IMF

Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells Produce Matrix Metalloproteinases in Response to Angiogenic Factors and Migration

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of inducible enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix components, allowing cells to traverse connective tissue structures efficiently. Specific tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) function as physiologic inhibitors of MMP activity. Because neovascularization may require various proteinases, we characterized the profile of metalloenzyme production by microvascular endothelial cells (MEC) and the modulation of expression by phorbol esters (PMA) and by the physiologically relevant cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), basic fibroblast growth factor, and interferon-γ. MMP expression by MEC and large-vessel human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoprecipitation, Northern hybridization, and transfection assays. Constitutive expression of MMPs by endothelial cells was low. PMA stimulated the production of collagenase, stromelysin, 92-kDa gelatinase, and TIMP-1 in both endothelial cell types. TIMP-2 was constitutively expressed by MEC and HUVEC, but was down-regulated by PMA. TNF-α induced an endothelial-cell-specific up-regulation of collagenase with a concomitant inhibition of PMA-induced TIMP-1 up-regulation, a response that is distinct from that of fibroblasts. Interferon-γ up-regulated TIMP-1 production by MEC and blocked PMA and TNT-induced up-regulation of collagenase. Northern hybridization assays showed pretranslational control of PMA-, basic fibroblast growth factor-, and TNF-α–induced MM.P expression. Collagenase-promoter CAT constructs containing 2.28 kb of the 5' region of the collagenase gene demonstrated transcriptional regulation. The potential physiologic relevance of such regulation was shown in an in vitro migration assay. MEC were stimulated to migrate by wounding and exposure to TNF-α. Collagenase mRNA was prominently expressed by the migrating cells, as shown by in situ hybridization. In sum, MEC have a unique profile of MMP expression and regulation compared with other cell types, which may be important for wound healing and angiogenesis, particularly during the early phase of migration