Stability issues of black hole in non-local gravity

We discuss stability issues of Schwarzschild black hole in non-local gravity. It is shown that the stability analysis of black hole for the unitary and renormalizable non-local gravity with $\gamma_2=-2\gamma_0$ cannot be performed in the Lichnerowicz operator approach. On the other hand, for the unitary and non-renormalizable case with $\gamma_2=0$, the black hole is stable against the metric perturbations. For non-unitary and renormalizable local gravity with $\gamma_2=-2\gamma_0={\rm const}$ (fourth-order gravity), the small black holes are unstable against the metric perturbations. This implies that what makes the problem difficult in stability analysis of black hole is the simultaneous requirement of unitarity and renormalizability around the Minkowski spacetime.Comment: 1+15 pages, one figure, version to appear in Physics Letters

Ignatian Spiritual Conversation and Digital Communication Culture

This study seeks to consider the lived experiences of those vulnerable in the culture of digital communication, especially to suggest the possibility of healing and recovery through the practical application of Ignatian spiritual conversation in the new horizon affecting religious life. For this purpose, this study explores the practical implication of Ignatian spiritual conversation in culture of digital communication by employing a hermeneutical methodology, the triple operation of the description of the phenomenon, critical analysis, and constructive interpretation. This study highlights the in-depth understanding and practice of authentic conversation, observing the vulnerability of self-isolation and cognitive bias experienced by networked selves as new subjects created in the digital communication culture and the multifaceted religious phenomenon of networked religion, a new horizon for their spiritual life. Interdisciplinary understanding of psychological counseling, the philosophy of dialogue, and biblical and systematic theology attested to authentic conversation’s healing, relational, and sacred dimensions. Ignatian spiritual conversation can be an applicable model of or alternative to those authentic conversations that help overcome the networked self’s vulnerability in the micro perspective and has an inner transformative potential through the constructive fusion of networked religion and Ignatian spirituality in the macro view. This study provides a theoretical foundation for an interdisciplinary understanding of Christian/Ignatian spiritual conversation. More practically, it will be instructive to pastors so that they will be more sensitive to and able to minister to the needs of elderly and generation MZ who are vulnerable due to self-isolation and cognitive bias, exacerbated by COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, this study presents a good map of the new deinstitutionalized and post-authoritarian religious-spiritual situation represented by those who are spiritual but not religious