Biodiversity and health: investing in biodiversity protection towards health gains

FCT_UIDB/05608/2020. FCT_UIDP/05608/2020.Biodiversity is declining faster than at any time in human history and the direct drivers of change in nature with the largest global impact are related to human activities: land and sea use changes; direct exploitation of organisms; climate change; pollution; and invasion of alien species. The One Health approach, and other holistic approaches, integrate human, animal, and plant health, as well as the health of their shared environment, informing and supporting a multidisciplinary and holistic approach that integrates monitoring, planning, and evaluation to optimize co-benefits and outcomes for public health. This chapter intends to provide a systematic overview on how conserving nature and biodiversity can contribute to improving the implementation of the One Health and other holistic approaches, to prevent new pandemics and to promote well-being. A detailed analysis regarding how the targets in the updated zero draft of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework can contribute to improving the implementation of the One Health or other holistic approaches was performed, aiming to support the ambition and commitment needed. Additionally, a list of indicators is proposed to guarantee a suitable monitoring framework and to adequately incorporate the value of biodiversity for health, well-being, and more specifically contributing to the reduction of the risk of new pandemics. This work highlights the importance of preventing biodiversity loss for human health and well-being. The linkages between biodiversity and human health reinforce the need for holistic approaches such as One Health to understand the intricate linkages between the health of plants, animals, humans, and our shared environment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Graph and Contour Plots of Functions of Two Variables

Visualizar o gráfico de uma função de duas variáveis é um instrumento útil para ajudar a compreender como uma função se comporta. Nesta demonstração, podemos visualizar o gráfico em três dimensões de uma das quatro funções dadas e ainda sua respectiva curva de nível em duas dimensões. Você ainda pode alterar o valor dos parâmetros das equações, modificando o formato dos gráficosEducação Superior::Ciências Exatas e da Terra::Matemátic

Graph and Contour Plots of Functions of Two Variables

Visualizar o gráfico de uma função de duas variáveis é um instrumento útil para ajudar a compreender como uma função se comporta. Nesta demonstração, podemos visualizar o gráfico em três dimensões de uma das quatro funções dadas e ainda sua respectiva curva de nível em duas dimensões. Você ainda pode alterar o valor dos parâmetros das equações, modificando o formato dos gráficosEducação Superior::Ciências Exatas e da Terra::Matemátic

A RELAÇÃO ENTRE SATISFAÇÃO DO CONSUMIDOR, DESPESA EM PUBLICIDADE E LEALDADE DO CONSUMIDOR À MARCA: UM ESTUDO NO SETOR DE FAST-FOOD EM PORTUGAL

No mundo empresarial verifica-se uma orientação cada vez mais marcada para o relationship marketing. Crescente importância tem sido atribuída a indicadores de performance qualitativos e de longo prazo, como a lealdade � marca. As empresas conseguem gerar mais lucros quando os clientes permanecem leais � marca e, por isso, a lealdade � marca é cada vez mais colocada como um dos objetivos principais das estratégias de marketing. Neste estudo, procurou-se analisar os efeitos que a satisfação do consumidor, bem como a competência em conhecimento de mercado e a intensidade da competitividade na indústria têm na despesa em publicidade e, por último, na lealdade do consumidor � marca. Entrevistas realizadas a gestores no setor de fast-food em Portugal vieram demonstrar que, contrariamente ao esperado, a satisfação do consumidor influencia positivamente a despesa em publicidade. Da mesma forma, a competência em conhecimento de mercado e a intensidade da competitividade na indústria têm um efeito positivo na despesa em publicidade, que, por sua vez, influencia positivamente a lealdade � marca. Além desses, outros resultados foram encontrados com importantes implicações para gestores e para o setor

SYSTEMS AND SIGNALS ONLINE QUESTIONS AND GRADING

In this paper we present an E-Learning solution, adapted for online generation of questions for students self study for the new Systems and Signals course. The Systems and Signals course was classically focused on Electrical Engineering but the Berkeley approach radically changed this view and produced a new course that spreads to different areas like Mechanical or Computer Science Engineering. We developed an original framework for this new course that consists of a set of more than 20 generic questions with more than 100 variations each. The students may freely use this framework for self study. For grading, the quizzes are sent to the student’s personal area and the grading is immediate and automatic. Results, from other courses where this framework is being used for automatic grading, show that it actually helps the students to follow the course along the semester rather than concentrating all the work on final exams. 1

Projeto Envelhecimento e Violência

O aumento da violência nas suas diferentes formas tem sido reconhecido por várias organizações internacionais (WHO, ONU, EU) como um dos mais graves problemas de saúde pública no emergir do século XXI, constituindo uma prioridade das suas agendas políticas, nomeadamente no desenvolvimento de investigação (instrumentos de deteção, avaliação e intervenção) que permitam conter o fenómeno, no quadro da vida familiar. Na declaração de Toronto de 2002, a OMS define violência e maus-tratos a pessoas idosas como “qualquer acto isolado ou repetido, ou a ausência de acção apropriada, que ocorre em qualquer relacionamento em que haja uma expectativa de confiança, e que cause dano, ou incómodo a uma pessoa idosa. Estes actos podem ser de vários tipos: físico, psicológico/emocional, sexual, financeiro ou, simplesmente, reflectir actos de negligência intencional, ou por omissão”[1]. Os dados sobre a prevalência global da violência contra as pessoas idosas, em contexto familiar, têm permitido em alguns países conhecer a amplitude do fenómeno. As estimativas das taxas globais de prevalência da violência (Quadro 1) variaram entre 0.8% e 18.4%. Esta oscilação das estimativas depende quer da sua conceptualização (da sua definição, dos tipos considerados), do perfil de agressor (tipo de relação), da própria vítima (>60 anos, >65 anos ou 65-84 anos), quer das metodologias adotadas (inquéritos via telefone ou presenciais)