Creating Open Works

Workshop materials for a course on Creative Commons Licensing of scholarly and creative works. The set contains 2 slide decks and handouts

The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

On the NASA 2020 rover mission to Jezero crater, the remote determination of the texture, mineralogy and chemistry of rocks is essential to quickly and thoroughly characterize an area and to optimize the selection of samples for return to Earth. As part of the Perseverance payload, SuperCam is a suite of five techniques that provide critical and complementary observations via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), high-resolution color imaging (RMI), and acoustic recording (MIC). SuperCam operates at remote distances, primarily 2-7 m, while providing data at sub-mm to mm scales. We report on SuperCam's science objectives in the context of the Mars 2020 mission goals and ways the different techniques can address these questions. The instrument is made up of three separate subsystems: the Mast Unit is designed and built in France; the Body Unit is provided by the United States; the calibration target holder is contributed by Spain, and the targets themselves by the entire science team. This publication focuses on the design, development, and tests of the Mast Unit; companion papers describe the other units. The goal of this work is to provide an understanding of the technical choices made, the constraints that were imposed, and ultimately the validated performance of the flight model as it leaves Earth, and it will serve as the foundation for Mars operations and future processing of the data.In France was provided by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). Human resources were provided in part by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and universities. Funding was provided in the US by NASA's Mars Exploration Program. Some funding of data analyses at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was provided by laboratory-directed research and development funds

A Creative and Poetic Approach to Creative Commons License Education

A presentation given at the Kraemer Copyright Conference on June 12, 2019. This set includes one slide deck and one handout. The slides reference works and handouts available at https://digitalcommons.du.edu/libraries_staff/2

Drug consumption rooms in Catalonia: A comprehensive evaluation of social, health and harm reduction benefits

International audienceBackground and aims: Despite the availability of several drug consumption rooms (DCR) in different European countries few epidemiological studies have evaluated their benefits. A network of DCR for people who inject drugs (PWID) has existed in Catalonia since 2000. We aimed to study the impact of frequently attending DCR on injecting in public, infectious risk (disposal of used syringes in safe places, sharing needles and/or injecting equipment), accessing drug dependence services and non-fatal overdoses. Methods: In 2014-2015, we performed the cross-sectional study REDAN in Catalonia's network of harm reduction centres (needle exchange programs, outreach programs, and DCR). A sample of current PWID were recruited. Self-reported data about risky and other behaviours and about access to care were collected through anonymous face-to-face structured interviews. Oral fluid samples were also collected to test for HIV and HCV antibodies. Multiple logistic regressions were used to assess the impact of frequently attending DCR on the different outcomes. Results: Among the 730 PWID recruited, 510 reported attending DCR in the previous 6 months, of whom 21.2% were `frequent' attenders. After multiple adjustment, frequent attenders had a 61% lower risk of injecting in public (AOR [95%CI]:0.39[0.18-0.85]) and sharing needles or other injecting equipment (0.39[0.18-0.85]) than `medium' and `low' attenders. They were six times more likely to place used syringes in a safe place (6.08[3.62-10.23]) and were twice as likely to access drug dependence services (2.56[1.44-4.55]). No significant effect was found for non-fatal overdoses, perhaps because of survival bias. Conclusion: The multiple benefits found strongly advocate for the maintenance of current DCR and the promotion of new DCR, in conjunction with other harm reduction strategies, in European countries where they are not yet available

DIGESTIF : A Universal Quality Standard for the Control of Bottom-Up Proteomics Experiments

International audienc

DIGESTIF: A universal quality standard for the control of bottom-up proteomics experiments

In bottom-up mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses, variability at any step of the process, particularly during sample proteolysis, directly affects the sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of peptide detection and quantification. Currently, no generic internal standards are available to control the quality of sample processing steps. This makes it difficult to assess the comparability of MS proteomic data obtained under different experimental conditions. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and validation of a universal protein standard, called DIGESTIF, that can be added to any biological sample. The DIGESTIF standard consists of a soluble recombinant protein scaffold to which a set of 11 artificial peptides (iRT peptides) with good ionization properties has been incorporated. In the protein scaffold, the amino acids flanking iRT peptide cleavage sites were selected either to favor or hinder protease cleavage. After sample processing, the retention time and relative intensity pattern of the released iRT peptides can be used to assess the quality of sample workup, the extent of digestion, and the performance of the LC-MS system. Thus, DIGESTIF can be used to standardize a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from simple replicate measurements to large-scale biomarker screening in biomedical applications

The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

The ChemCam instrument suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity provides remote compositional information using the first laser-induced breakdown spectrometer (LIBS) on a planetary mission, and provides sample texture and morphology data using a remote micro-imager (RMI). Overall, ChemCam supports MSL with five capabilities: remote classification of rock and soil characteristics; quantitative elemental compositions including light elements like hydrogen and some elements to which LIBS is uniquely sensitive (e.g., Li, Be, Rb, Sr, Ba); remote removal of surface dust and depth profiling through surface coatings; context imaging; and passive spectroscopy over the 240-905 nm range. ChemCam is built in two sections: The mast unit, consisting of a laser, telescope, RMI, and associated electronics, resides on the rover's mast, and is described in a companion paper. ChemCam's body unit, which is mounted in the body of the rover, comprises an optical demultiplexer, three spectrometers, detectors, their coolers, and associated electronics and data handling logic. Additional instrument components include a 6 m optical fiber which transfers the LIBS light from the telescope to the body unit, and a set of onboard calibration targets. ChemCam was integrated and tested at Los Alamos National Laboratory where it also underwent LIBS calibration with 69 geological standards prior to integration with the rover. Post-integration testing used coordinated mast and instrument commands, including LIBS line scans on rock targets during system-level thermal-vacuum tests. In this paper we describe the body unit, optical fiber, and calibration targets, and the assembly, testing, and verification of the instrument prior to launch