Physicochemical and sensory analysis of Syrah wines from vineyards mechanically pruned treated with different organic amendments

Mestrado em Viticultura e Enologia - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Ciências. Universidade do PortoIn order to study the effect of mechanical pruning and the addition of organic amendments to the vineyard in Syrah wine quality, three vineyards from different viticultural areas were tested – Quinta do Côro (Tejo), Quinta do Gradil (Lisboa) and Herdade de Rio Frio (Setúbal). In order to evaluate the influence of the treatments applied the wines were subjected to a physicochemical analysis as well as chromatic characteristics determination, total nitrogen content, mineral and heavy metals and other elements analysis and the tasting panel performed sensory analysis to determine if the differences were perceived. The results show that mechanical pruning led to wines with lower alcohol content, color intensity, total anthocyanin content as well as less tannin power and inferior tannin content. This type of pruning technique also led to lesser accumulation of minerals and lower levels of some heavy metals. In the sensory analysis, the wines from mechanically pruned vines were less appreciated by the tasters receiving worse scores, including lower global appreciation marks. The organic amendment that led to lower overall results in the studied parameters was sewage sludge, it reduced alcoholic content and color intensity as well as total anthocyanin content while grime and the control plots led to better result

Desempenho produtivo, classificação e qualidade de carcaça de suínos de diferentes linhas genéticas em engorda intensiva

Compararam-se o ganho médio diário (GMD), índice de conversão alimentar (IC) e classificação da carcaça (CC) entre dois tipos de cruzamento comercial (A e B), ambos obtidos pelo cruzamento terminal de varrascos Piétrain com porcas F1 Large White x Landrace. Procurou-se identificar os principais efeitos ambientais que influenciam os referidos carateres. Utilizou-se um total de 200 suínos (machos e fêmeas), de dois cruzamentos comerciais distintos, provenientes de duas unidades de multiplicação comerciais. Determinou-se o GMD e o IC em dois períodos diferentes (63-119 e 120-158 dias de vida). No final do ensaio, efetuou-se a CC, segundo o sistema SEUROP. Procedeu-se a uma análise de variância com o objetivo de identificar os principais efeitos ambientais que influenciam o GMD, IC e CC. Determinou-se o coeficiente de regressão do GMD no peso vivo no início da engorda. Globalmente, observou-se uma superioridade do cruzado B no que concerne ao GMD (+74,6 g) (p<0,01) e ao IC (-0,07) (p<0,05). O GMD dos animais registou um acréscimo médio de 5,8 g por kg de acréscimo do PV no início do ensaio. A superioridade do cruzado B foi ainda evidenciada na classificação de carcaça SEUROP, com um acréscimo significativo (p<0,01) de 2,3% em carne magra.Two commercial crossbred pigs (A and B) were compared for average daily gain (GMD), feed-to-gain ratio (IC) and carcass grade (CC). A and B were the result of threeway crosses between terminal Pietrain sires and Large White x Landrace F1 sows. A total of 200 pigs (100 males and 100 females) from two commercial multiplier units were used. We determined, for two different periods (63-119 and 120-158 days of life) the average daily live weight gain (GMD) and feed efficiency index (IC). At the end of the study the carcass classification (CC) was determined, according to the SEUROP system. A variance analysis was conducted to study the main environmental effects affecting the response variables GMD, IC and CC. The least-squares means were studied for the traits which affected significantly the variables analyzed in this work. The regression coefficient of GMD on weight at start of test was determined. Globally we observed a superiority of crossbred B over A in GMD (+74.6 g) and IC (- 0.07). GMD increased 5.8 g for each additional kg in weight at start of the test. The superiority of crossbred B was also observed for CC with an increase of more 2.3% of lean meat in SEUROP system for carcass classification

Mechanical pruning and soil organic amending in two terroirs. Effects on wine chemical composition and sensory profile

The knowledge about the interaction between mechanical pruning and soil organic amending is still scarce. This study aimed to examine the effects of the interaction between these two practices on wine quality. Syrah grapes from two trial fields in Portugal subjected to two different pruning systems (mechanical pruning; hand spur pruning) and five different organic amendment treatments (control, biochar, municipal solid waste compost, cattle manure, and sewage sludge) were harvested and vinified for four years. Mechanical pruning significantly reduced wine alcoholic strength, pH, and total anthocyanins. Mechanical pruning and organic amendments, tendentially reduced wine total phenols and tannin power, known as an “estimation of the astringency potential of the wines”. Tasters found low but significant differences in global appreciation with the pruning system. Sludge tended to reduce wine global appreciation more than municipal solid waste compost and cattle manure, while biochar had no effect on tasters’ preference when compared to the control. There was strong relation between yield and tasters’ preference only above 6 kg/vine and 8 kg/vine depending on the terroir. Mechanical pruning tendentially has significant effects on wine quality when yield raises above a certain level. Thus, with this pruning system, the choice of the organic amendment and its amount must be done considering the destiny of the produced grapes. To the best of our knowledge, effects of the interaction of mechanical pruning with soil organic amending on wine quality are a noveltyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comicscape : o negativo dos personagens : representação e transformação arquitectónica na BD

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitectura, apresentada ao Departamento de Arquitectura da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.Esta dissertação pretende abordar a banda desenhada como ideologia e mito da contemporaneidade e a sua capacidade pedagógica no campo da arquitectura, visto constituir um produto concebido, definido e consumido pela sociedade de massas. Para tal, utiliza não só os cenários arquitectónicos na BD como objecto de estudo, como também os respectivos personagens que os percorrem, uma vez que ambos se definem numa relação de complementaridade. Considera-se a possibilidade dos autores de BD, assumirem o papel de interventores e impulsionadores para a concretização de uma nova arquitectura, capaz de responder aos valores vigentes na sociedade, para os quais também pretendem sensibilizar as massas, assim como para a história e teoria da arquitectura. Justifica-se então a divisão da dissertação em três partes, sendo que na primeira é abordado o passado na ficção, do qual é evidenciado aquilo que deve ser transposto para o futuro; na segunda, o presente e passado próximo como uma consciencialização da nossa situação actual; e na terceira, o futuro, no qual se especulam soluções para a mesma, assim como as consequências que esta pode acarretar, caso persista. Abstract This thesis pretends to study the comics as an ideology and myth of contemporarity and its pedagogical skills in the field of architecture, as a product planned, defined and consumed by mass society. For that, it is used, not only the architectonic scenarios in comics as an object of study, but also the characters who live there, because both are defined by a relationship of complementarity. It is considered the possibility of the comics’ authors to be actors for the concretization of a new architecture, able to satisfy to the values in our society, for which they also intend to sensitize the masses, as the history and theory of architecture. It justifies the division of this thesis in three parts: in the first, it is study the past in the fiction, able to bring something to the future; in the second, the near past and the present as an awareness of our situation; in the third, the future, where authors suggests solutions for our situation and show the last consequences if it persists

Mechanical pruning and soil organic amendments in vineyards of ‘Syrah’: effects on wine mineral composition

The interaction of mechanized pruning systems and soil organic amendment can affect vine vegetative and reproductive growth. However, since organic amendments supply several mineral elements, namely heavy metals, this study aimed to understand the effects of the interaction between these two practices on the mineral composition of wine. Two field trials were implemented in ‘Syrah’ vineyards in two Portuguese wine regions (Lisboa and Tejo). Mechanical hedge pruning was compared with hand spur pruning and four different organic amendments were tested: biochar, municipal solid waste compost, cattle manure and sewage sludge. The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) wine contents were significantly reduced by mechanical pruning while calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents were tendentially higher in this pruning system. Mechanical pruning also reduced the content of some minor elements, such as arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo) and nickel (Ni). In 2014, the year with the higher reproductive growth, some other elements also decreased as a consequence of the mechanical pruning (gallium - Ga; lithium – Li; rubidium - Rb, thallium – Tl; yttrium - Y). Concerning the organic amendments, sewage sludge was associated with the wines with the lowest P and iron (Fe) content. Ca content was tendentially higher in municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge treatments. Mechanical pruning and organic amendments had different effects on the mineral composition of wine, according to each specific element. However, the legal limits, recommended by OIV and established by European Union, as well as the technical limits, adopted by winemakers, were never exceeded and the interaction of both practices does not seem to be a problem in what concerns to the mineral composition of the produced wines