Prediction of Friction Stir Welding effects on AA2024-T3 plates and stiffened panels using a shell-based finite element model

Manufacturing-induced effects significantly affect in-service behaviour of welded structures, such as integrally stiffened panels for aeronautic applications. Being a complex phenomenon with several variables involved, the assessment of the effects coming from welding usually relies on numerical simulations. Here, a novel shell-based finite element model is proposed to accurately simulate the transient thermal fields and stress-strain distributions resulting from friction stir welding (FSW) processes. The capability of the model to predict (i) residual stresses, (ii) material softening and (iii) geometric distortion of the welded parts is assessed by the modelling and simulation of FSW applied on aluminium integrally stiffened panels

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine for Adults: A New Paradigm

A 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), recently approved for use in adults, induced an overall superior functional antibody response compared with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. PCV13 elicits immunological memory and provides a new approach to preventing pneumococcal disease in adults

In vitro controlled drug release from contact lenses materials under physiological ocular tear flow

Poster presented at the 9th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology. Lisbon, 31 March-3 April 2014.BASF; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologi

Effect of tetracaine on DMPC and DMPC + cholesterol biomembrane models: Liposomes and monolayers

“NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, [Vol. 16, (April 2014)] DOI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.042 ""Different types of lipid bilayers/monolayers have been used to simulate the cellular membranes in the investigation of the interactions between drugs and cells. However, to our knowledge, very few studies focused on the influence of the chosen membrane model upon the obtained results. The main objective of this work is to understand how do the nature and immobilization state of the biomembrane models influence the effect of the local anaesthetic tetracaine (TTC) upon the lipid membranes. The interaction of TTC with different biomembrane models of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) with and without cholesterol (CHOL) was investigated through several techniques. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was used to study the effect on immobilized liposomes, while phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to liposomes in suspension. The effect of TTC on Langmuir monolayers of lipids was also investigated through surface pressure-area measurements at the air-water interface. The general conclusion was that TTC has a fluidizing effect on the lipid membranes and, above certain concentrations, induced membrane swelling or even solubilization. However, different models led to variable responses to the TTC action. The intensity of the disordering effect caused by TTC increased in the following order: supported liposomes < liposomes in solution < Langmuir monolayers. This means that extrapolation of the results obtain in in vitro studies of the lipid/anaesthetic interactions to in vivo conditions should be done carefully.

Co-patents’ commercialization: evidence from China

Co-patents are outcomes of R&D collaboration, which has been proven with higher-quality. Does this mean that high-quality patents should also extend their advantage to the technology market? Based on the transaction cost theory, we use the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) database and logit model to explore the effect of co-ownership on firms’ patent commercialization and the factors of co-patents that affect their commercialization. Our findings illustrate that co-ownership has a negative impact on patent commercialization. In addition, the co-owner’s nature, country, and co-patent’s industry influence the commercialization of co-patents. Firstly, a company and a university or research institution’s co-owned co-patents are less likely to be commercialization than a company and a company coowned co-patents. Secondly, multi-countries co-owned co-patents are less likely to be commercialization than a single-country coowned co-patents. Thirdly, co-patents in high technology (hightech) industries are less likely to be commercialization than copatents in non-high-tech industries. This paper supports policymakers in implementing policies to promote the co-patents’ commercialization. Meanwhile, our paper suggests that to pursue the economic value of the R&D collaborative intellectual property fruits, R&D collaborative intellectual property fruits are not be encouraged to be applied as the co-patents.European Union (EU) TIN2016-75850-

Coexistence of an imbalance of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors serum levels and symptoms of fatigue and pain in long-term breast cancer survivors.

Background: Fatigue, pain and depression are common problems among long-term cancer survivors (BCS) which in some patients may persist for many years after healing and the completion of treatment. Several studies have reported that increased serum levels of chemokines and growth factors are particularly significantly correlated with the coexistence of these disorders in cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to assess whether the altered imbalance of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and chemokine serum levels are associated to presence of fatigue and pain in long-term breast cancer survivors . Methods: Ninety-three BCS were enrolled in this study and blood samples taken from each. Serum levels of 25 analytes including cytokines, growth factors and chemokines were tested by enzyme immunoassay using the flexible Bio-Plex System. Participants also completed a questionnaire measuring demographic, clinical and behavioral variables. Results: Non-parametric discriminant analysis showed that fatigued BCS had significantly higher serum levels of FGF and lower IL-4 and IL-8 compared to the non-fatigued group, while BCS with pain had an increase in eotaxin serum levels and lower IL-4 and Il-7 compared to the group without pain. Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant difference in both mental and physical qol, with levels lower in the subgroup who presented pain than in those without: p = 0.0003 and p < 0.0001 respectively. A lower value of Rantes (p = 0.0131) in breast cancer survivors with pain compared to the group without pain, and a higher median value of TNF-α (p = 0.054) in the pain group than in those without pain was observed. The level of depression was higher than the score of 50 on the Zung scale in fatigued survivors compared to non-fatigued survivors (p = 0.0006). Conclusions: Our results suggest that an altered balance of chemokines, cytokines and growth factors serum levels may be associated to presence of symptoms such as fatigue and pain in breast cancer survivors at an average of 5 years after diagnosis

Humoral and T-Cell Mediated Response after the Third Dose of mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Belimumab

Objective: To evaluate humoral and T-cell cellular-mediated immune response after three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) under Belimumab. Patients and methods: 12 patients on Belimumab and 13 age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited. Patients were in remission or in low disease activity, and they were taking no corticosteroids or only low doses. None of the patients and controls had detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies due to previous exposure to the virus. All the patients received three doses of mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the humoral and cellular-mediated response were tested 4 weeks after the second dose (T0), 6 months after the second dose (T1) and 4 weeks after the third dose (T2). Comparison with the control group was performed at time T0 (i.e., 4 weeks after the second dose). Total anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies were analyzed using a diagnostic assay, while cellular-mediated response was evaluated using the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Results: A humoral response was documented in all the patients at T0 (median 459; IQR 225.25–758.5), but the antibody titer significantly declined from T0 to T1 (median 44.7; IQR: 30.3–202; p = 0.0066). At T2, the antibody titer significantly increased from T1 (median 2500; IQR: 2500–2500), and it was not different from T0 (respectively p < 0.0001, p = 0.66). Cellular-mediated response significantly declined from T0 to T1 (p = 0.003) but not from T0 to T2 (p = 0.3). No differences were found between patients and controls at T0 as regards both humoral and cellular responses (p = 1.0 and p = 0.09 for humoral and cellular responses, respectively). Conclusion: The third dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine can restore both humoral and cellular immune response in SLE patients on Belimumab

Daily-Life Monitoring of Stroke Survivors Motor Performance: The INTERACTION Sensing System

The objective of the INTERACTION Eu project is to develop and validate an unobtrusive and modular system for monitoring daily life activities, physical interactions with the environment and for training upper and lower extremity motor function in stroke subjects. This paper describes the development and preliminary testing of the project sensing platform made of sensing shirt, trousers, gloves and shoes. Modular prototypes were designed and built considering the minimal set of inertial, force and textile sensors that may enable an efficient monitoring of stroke patients. The single sensing elements are described and the results of their preliminary lab-level testing are reported

Soft capacitor fibers using conductive polymers for electronic textiles

A novel, highly flexible, conductive polymer-based fiber with high electric capacitance is reported. In its crossection the fiber features a periodic sequence of hundreds of conductive and isolating plastic layers positioned around metallic electrodes. The fiber is fabricated using fiber drawing method, where a multi-material macroscopic preform is drawn into a sub-millimeter capacitor fiber in a single fabrication step. Several kilometres of fibers can be obtained from a single preform with fiber diameters ranging between 500um -1000um. A typical measured capacitance of our fibers is 60-100 nF/m and it is independent of the fiber diameter. For comparison, a coaxial cable of the comparable dimensions would have only ~0.06nF/m capacitance. Analysis of the fiber frequency response shows that in its simplest interrogation mode the capacitor fiber has a transverse resistance of 5 kOhm/L, which is inversely proportional to the fiber length L and is independent of the fiber diameter. Softness of the fiber materials, absence of liquid electrolyte in the fiber structure, ease of scalability to large production volumes, and high capacitance of our fibers make them interesting for various smart textile applications ranging from distributed sensing to energy storage

BRCA1/BRCA2 rearrangements and CHEK2 common mutations are infrequent in Italian male breast cancer cases.

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare and poorly known disease. Germ-line mutations of BRCA2 and, to lesser extent, BRCA1 genes are the highest risk factors associated with MBC. Interestingly, BRCA2 germ-line rearrangements have been described in high-risk breast/ovarian cancer families which included at least one MBC case. Germ-line mutations of CHEK2 gene have been also implicated in inherited MBC predisposition. The CHEK2 1100delC mutation has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer in men lacking BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. Intriguingly, two other CHEK2 mutations (IVS2+1G > A and I157T) and a CHEK2 large genomic deletion (del9-10) have been associated with an elevated risk for prostate cancer. Here, we investigated the contribution of BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 alterations to MBC predisposition in Italy by analysing a large series of MBC cases, unselected for breast cancer family history and all negative for BRCA1/BRCA2 germ-line mutations. A total of 102 unrelated Italian MBC cases were screened for deletions/duplications of BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. No BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 genomic rearrangements, including the CHEK2 del9-10, were found in the series analysed. Furthermore, none of the MBC cases and 263 male population controls, also included in this study, carried the CHEK2 1100delC, IVS2+1G > A and I157T common mutations. Overall, our data suggest that screening of BRCA1/2 rearrangements is not advantageous in MBC cases not belonging to high-risk breast cancer families and that common CHEK2 mutations play an irrelevant role in MBC predisposition in Italy