Qualités psychométriques de la version francophone québécoise du General Health Questionnaire-28 à la suite des inondations du juillet 1996 au Saguenay

La version en 28 items du General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) est couramment utilisée afin de détecter les conséquences psychologiques à moyen terme des désastres naturels. En plus de présenter l'avantage d'une passation rapide, cet outil évalue la santé générale par le biais d'un score total et de 4 échelles distinguant les symptômes associés à la dépression, à l'anxiété-insomnie, aux dysfonctions sociales et à la somatisation. Tirant son origine d'une analyse factorielle effectuée sur le GHQ-60, le GHQ-28 a été traduit et validé dans plus de 30 langues. La plupart des analyses factorielles de ce test révèlent la présence d'un facteur général expliquant la majeure partie de la variance du construit, de même que des structures composées de 3 à 6 facteurs. Ces variations observées dans la structure factorielle du GHQ-28 démontrent la nécessité de procéder à des analyses auprès des différentes populations étudiées. Étant donné qu'à ce jour, aucune analyse factorielle de cet instrument n'a été réalisée auprès d'une population francophone québécoise sinistrée, l'étude présentée poursuit plusieurs objectifs: examiner la structure factorielle du GHQ-28, évaluer sa cohérence interne, établir les corrélations entre le score total et les échelles, déterminer sa validité de critère et vérifier s'il parvient à discriminer un échantillon de victimes d'inondations et de gens non exposés, deux ans après l'événement en milieu urbain, et trois ans après en milieu rural. Les données ont été recueillies auprès d'un échantillon aléatoire de 584 individus, dont 299 sinistrés (122 ruraux et 177 urbains) et 285 non sinistrés (117 ruraux et 168 urbains). Les analyses factorielles exploratoires en composantes principales suivies d'une rotation varimax indiquent une solution à 4 facteurs expliquant 49,9 % de la variance du construit chez les non sinistrés, ainsi qu'une solution à 3 facteurs expliquant 48,4 % de la variance du construit chez les sinistrés. En raison de la forte corrélation des échelles du GHQ-28, des analyses factorielles exploratoires réalisées avec la méthode des moindres carrés non pondérés suivies d'une rotation oblimin ont également été réalisées. Les résultats donnent lieu à une solution à 4 facteurs expliquant 42,6 % de la variance auprès des non sinistrés et une solution en 3 facteurs expliquant 42,7 % de la variance auprès des sinistrés. Les corrélations révèlent un lien significatif entre le score total et les échelles pour les sinistrés et les non sinistrés, quoique certaines différences relatives à l'exposition soient observables au niveau de la force des corrélations. Les coefficients alpha sont supérieurs à 0,75 pour le score total et les échelles du GHQ-28, à l'exception de l'échelle de dépression sévère (0,68). De plus, la validité de critère est appréciable lorsque le GHQ-28 et ses échelles sont corrélés au Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y) et au Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), bien que les résultats soient moins concluants avec le Impact of Event Scale (ES). Les analyses de variance montrent que le score total permet de discriminer les sinistrés des non sinistrés dans les milieux urbains et ruraux et indiquent des variations du score total en fonction du sexe. Toutefois, la validité discriminante des échelles semble moins concluante. L'existence probable d'un facteur général et une discussion comparant la version québécoise du test aux autres versions françaises sont présentées, de même qu'une comparaison avec d'autres études menées à l'aide du GHQ-28 en contexte de désastre

Régulation émotionnelle, témérité, comportements sécuritaires et consommation de psychotropes associée à la pratique d'un sport alpin de glisse chez des adolescents et adolescentes

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The effect of using a powered toothbrush on MCP-1 and RANTES levels in patients with gingivitis

This pilot study investigated if a powered toothbrush significantly reduced the concentration of MCP-1 and RANTES over time in a gingivitis population, when compared to a manual toothbrush. Twenty gingivitis patients, 18-65 years of age with pocket depths [less than or equal to] 6mm and a minimum of 10% bleeding upon probing were enrolled. Participants were seen for 5 study visits and gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at baseline and 24 weeks. With the exception of race (p=0.01), no statistically significant differences were found between the groups at baseline in clinical measurements, GCF levels of MCP-1 and RANTES and demographics. When comparing the treatment group to the control, no statistical differences were found between the GCF levels for MCP-1 and RANTES at baseline and 24 weeks post treatment (p=0.20 and p=0.19, respectively). Additional large sample studies are needed to determine if these findings can be confirmed

Impact of residential schooling and of child abuse on substance use problem in Indigenous Peoples

Residential schools were the institutions, in operation from the 19th century to the late 20th century, which Indigenous children in Canada were forced to attend. The literature shows that many young people who attended these institutions were victims of neglect and abuse. Negative psychological effects resulting from child abuse have been amply documented. However, very few studies on this subject have been carried out among Canada's Indigenous peoples. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate, for an Indigenous population in Quebec (Canada), the impact of residential schooling as well as self-reported experiences of sexual and physical abuse during childhood on the development of alcohol and drug use problems in adulthood. A total of 358 Indigenous participants were interviewed (164 men [45.8%] and 194 women [54.2%]). Alcohol abuse was evaluated using the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). Drug abuse was assessed with the Drug Abuse Screening Test-20 (DAST). Child abuse and residential schooling were assessed with dichotomous questions (yes/no). Among the participants, 28.5% (n = 102) had attended residential schools, 35.2% (n = 121) reported having experienced sexual abuse, and 34.1% (n = 117) reported having experienced physical abuse before adulthood. Results of the exact logistic regression analyses indicated that residential school attendance was linked to alcohol problems, while child abuse was related to drug use problems. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering the consequences of historical traumas related to residential schools to better understand the current situation of Indigenous peoples in Canada

A Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Students With Psychiatric Disorders in a Special Education Curriculum: A Series of n-of-1 Trials on Internalized and Externalized Symptoms

Background: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) constitute a promising option to alleviate psychological symptoms in students with psychiatric disorders.Objective: This study evaluated the impact of a MBI on psychological symptoms of elementary school students with psychiatric disorders in a special education curriculum.Method: A series of n-of-1 trials with an experimental A-B-A design and 10 assessment time-points was used. Participants were two special education classrooms of elementary school students (Group A, n = 7; Group B, n = 6; ntotal = 13) and their teachers.Results: Analyses showed that, at follow-up, students from Group A reported significant decreases in inattention and a trend (p = 0.051) was observed in anxiety symptoms, whereas their teacher reported only deteriorating anxiety scores. No significant results were found in students from Group B.Conclusion: Results from this study show substantial variation between students, tested cohorts and raters of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and behaviors. Therefore, the conservative conclusion from such variation can only be that more research is needed, as no firm conclusion as to the utility of MBIs for such groups of children with special education needs can be established

Effects of a developmental adventure on the self-esteem of college students

This study examines the effects of outdoor developmental adventure programming (ODA) on college students’ self-esteem. Although some previous studies have shown that outdoor adventure programming has positive effects on self-esteem, others did not find any effect. A quasi-experimental study was conducted over 5 months, which included two pretests and two posttests to address some limitations of previous studies. A total of 84 participants completed the Questionnaire d’estime de soi hiérarchique, a questionnaire assessing self-esteem on four occasions. The experimental group (outdoor adventure; n = 32) was compared with the control groups (travel, n = 17; soccer, n = 35) using repeated measures of covariance analyses. Positive and significant increases were found for the athletic dimension of self-esteem and for global self-esteem for the experimental group (outdoor adventure) only. The increased benefits provided by the combination of adventure and sports in ODA, over sports-only or traveling-only interventions, underline the importance of developing ODA with college students

Preliminary evidence of a relationship between injury and sport camera use in winter sliding sports

PURPOSE: The accessibility of digital technologies has led to an increased use of video cameras in sliding winter sports. However, very little is known on the risks associated with the use of such equipment. In other contexts, camera use was associated with a social facilitation effect involving an increase in performance (Yu et al., 2015). In winter sliding sports like snowboard and alpine skiing, the culture is characterized by a valorization of risk taking (Anderson, 1999). This effect could translate in greater risk taking when a camera is around (Rodrigue et al, 2012). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between camera use and injury risk in winter sliding sports, while considering psychosocial factors associated with injuries including age, sex, perceived skill level, intentional risk taking and personality traits (impulsivity and sensation seeking). METHODS: The study was a self-reported follow-up survey conducted online among canadian winter sliding sports athletes before and after a winter ski season within an interval of 4 months. RESULTS: Among the 224 adolescents and adults (121 men and 103 women) who completed the surveys, 32,6% were aged 14-25 years, 32,3% aged 26-25 years and 36,2% aged 36 years +. Descriptive statistics indicates that 37,1% were filmed during sports practice at least once during past 12 months prior to the study an 42,0% were filmed at least once during the follow-up ski season. Among them, 25,7% reported that they take more risks when they are filmed “sometimes”, “often” or “always”. A logistic regression analysis predicting the occurrence of an injury by the end of the ski season indicates that camera use during the ski season is significantly associated with injury risk (OR = 0,25 p < 0,001) even after including psychosocial factors usually associated with injury risk in the model, including intentional risk taking, perceived skill level and sensation seeking also being significant predictors of injury. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a possible injury risk associated with the use of a camera on the slopes, partially explained by a social facilitation effect, but it is unclear at this moment if this risk could also involve the camera itself depending on the type of use (i.e. on a selfie stick). These results should be supported by objective data from an experimental design

Mapping Fashion in the \u27City by the Sea\u27: Shopping Districts in Newport, Rhode Island

Newport, Rhode Island is internationally recognized for both its prime location on Narragansett Bay and its storied history. Nicknamed the ‘City by the Sea,’ it is famous for its world-class sailing, colonial New England architecture, Gilded Age mansions, trendy restaurants and bars, and nearby beaches. Cultural tourism is a multi-million dollar business for Rhode Island, especially for Newport, where shopping is fourth on the list of revenue generators. The relationship of an American resort city’s geographical setting, built environment, and cultural heritage to its fashion retail sector has not been explored. Acknowledging that fashion contributes to a city’s image, the authors review Newport’s history, provide a profile of Newport today, map Newport’s nine shopping districts, and analyze Newport’s fashion retail sector on the various streets, squares, wharves, and piers. Such an analysis may prove useful to retailers in other resort cities—both small independent boutique owners and national chain stores—as well as city planners and tourism boards

Building a Community-Academic Partnership to Improve Screening for Intimate Partner Violence: Integrating Advocates in Healthcare Clinic Settings

Aims To develop an innovative community-academic partnership to advance, test and promote intimate partner violence screening and referral protocols by comparing the effect of integrating intimate partner violence advocates versus enhancing medical training in medical clinic settings serving women from vulnerable populations. Detecting intimate partner violence in healthcare settings allows for survivors to connect to safety and referral resources prior to violence escalating. Screening for intimate partner violence and connecting patients to referral resources requires creating a safe and trusting relationship between healthcare providers and patients. Developing screening and referral protocols responsive to survivors\u27 needs requires involvement of clinic staff, survivors and community agencies that support survivors. Design Three phases of the project include Discovery, Implementation and Dissemination. Mixed-methodology will help in understanding current practices and effects of interventions. Methods Actions included in each phase: Discovery: 1) nurse-led focus groups of clinic staff, providers and survivors to understand current clinic practices; 2) retrospective chart review of the number of screens performed, positive screens detected and interventions performed. Implementation: 1) randomization of patients to be interviewed by a trained advocate or by healthcare provider with enhanced training; and 2) assess the number of screenings and referrals performed in each arm and 3) evaluate outcomes of intervention. Dissemination through: presentations, manuscripts and policy recommendations at the institutional and regional level. This IRB-approved proposal was funded in July 2021 by an Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin grant. Discussion The partnership has improved channels of communication and understanding between diverse clinical care providers, survivors and community agency staff as they navigate the complex challenges to the development and integration of screening and referral protocols. Impact This project will provide evidence of the most effective intimate partner violence screening and referral methodology that can be utilized in a wide variety of medical settings