Correcting Projection Effects in CMEs Using GCS-Based Large Statistics of Multi-Viewpoint Observations

This study addresses the limitations of single-viewpoint observations of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) by presenting results from a 3D catalog of 360 CMEs during solar cycle 24, fitted using the Graduated Cylindrical Shell (GCS) model. The data set combines 326 previously analyzed CMEs and 34 newly examined events, categorized by their source regions into active region (AR) eruptions, active prominence (AP) eruptions, and prominence eruptions (PE). Estimates of errors are made using a bootstrapping approach. The findings highlight that the average 3D speed of CMEs is ∼1.3 times greater than the 2D speed. PE CMEs tend to be slow, with an average speed of 432 km s−1. AR and AP speeds are higher, at 723 and 813 km s−1, respectively, with the latter having fewer slow CMEs. The distinctive behavior of AP CMEs is attributed to factors like overlying magnetic field distribution or geometric complexities leading to less accurate GCS fits. A linear fit of projected speed to width gives a gradient of ∼2 km s−1 deg−1, which increases to 5 km s−1 deg−1 when the GCS-fitted ‘true’ parameters are used. Notably, AR CMEs exhibit a high gradient of 7 km s−1 deg−1, while AP CMEs show a gradient of 4 km s−1 deg−1. PE CMEs, however, lack a significant speed-width relationship. We show that fitting multi-viewpoint CME images to a geometrical model such as GCS is important to study the statistical properties of CMEs, and can lead to a deeper insight into CME behavior that is essential for improving future space weather forecasting

The transcriptional program, functional heterogeneity, and clinical targeting of mast cells

Mast cells are unique tissue-resident immune cells that express an array of receptors that can be activated by several extracellular cues, including antigen-immunoglobulin E (IgE) complexes, bacteria, viruses, cytokines, hormones, peptides, and drugs. Mast cells constitute a small population in tissues, but their extraordinary ability to respond rapidly by releasing granule-stored and newly made mediators underpins their importance in health and disease. In this review, we document the biology of mast cells and introduce new concepts and opinions regarding their role in human diseases beyond IgE-mediated allergic responses and antiparasitic functions. We bring to light recent discoveries and developments in mast cell research, including regulation of mast cell functions, differentiation, survival, and novel mouse models. Finally, we highlight the current and future opportunities for therapeutic intervention of mast cell functions in inflammatory diseases.Gökhan Cildir, Harshita Pant, Angel F. Lopez, Vinay Tergaonka

Eosinophilic mucus chronic rhinosinusitis: an immunological perspective / Harshita Pant.

Includes author's previously published paper.Bibliography: leaves 187-224.[7], xvii, 229 leaves, [6] : ill. (some col.), maps (col.), plates (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, 200

Not Available

Not AvailableFood safety problems may arise at any stage from food production to consumption: on the farm, at the processing facility, at the retailer, or in the hands of consumers. Food and farming are interdependent however the cyclic nature of numerous factors like soil, irrigation, insecticide, pesticide, weedicides, farm implements, transport vehicles, harvesting yard, storage, etc., determines the safety of food from farm to plate.Farmers need to be aware of microbiological hazards that food can cause. Just as farmers, processors are expected to implement Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) that are designed to prevent or minimize contamination.Periodically, these practices need to be revisited to allow for consideration of newly emerging food safety issues. Clean markets are primary insurance to food safety. The retailer must keep in mind the shelf life of the food products and ensure sale of the products within the safe time period.Lesser the time lag from harvest to consumer, better is the quality of produce. Another approach to ensure food safety is organic farming in which reliance on external inputs whether chemical or organic is reduced as much as possible.The ill-effects of the conventional farming system are felt in India in terms of the unsustainability of agricultural production, environmental degradation, health and sanitation problems, etc. and thus, organic agriculture is gaining momentum as an alternative method to the modern system.Not Availabl

CD8 T Cells Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis

Fungi in paranasal sinuses are characteristic and considered a major pathogenic factor in a subset of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, known as allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). CD8 + T cells are enriched in AFRS sinuses but their role in fungal-specific responses is unknown. Alternaria alternata– and Aspergillus fumigatus–specific T lymphocyte responses were investigated in 6 AFRS patients, 10 eosinophilic mucus CRS (EMCRS) patients, 10 CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) patients, 6 allergic rhinitis with fungal allergy (ARFA) patients, and five controls. Fungal-specific proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was studied prospectively. Proliferating cells were examined for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD25 expression. Relevant clinical characteristics, fungal allergy, detection of fungi in sinuses, and CD4 + and CD8 + composition of sinus T cells were also examined. CD4 + T-cell division to fungi occurred in all samples, regardless of fungal allergy or CRS. Fungal-specific CD8 + T-cell division occurred in all ARFA and control samples and the majority of CRSwNP patients; however, CD8 + T cells failed to proliferate in AFRS and EMCRS patients. The CD8 + T cells from AFRS patients also did not up-regulate the activation marker, CD25, with fungal antigen exposure. Presence of A. alternata– and A. fumigatus–specific CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell proliferation in healthy individuals, ARFA, and CRSwNP patients suggests that both T-cell subsets may be important in immune responses to these fungi. In AFRS and EMCRS patients, only fungal-specific CD4 + T-cell proliferation occurred; hence, a lack of CD8 + T-cell proliferation and activation in the presence of sinus eosinophilic mucus in these patients, regardless of fungal allergy, is a novel finding. This raises the question whether a dysfunctional CD8 + T-cell response predisposes to ineffective clearance and accumulation of fungi in the sinuses of susceptible patients

Morphometric analysis of cervical canal by computerized tomography (CT) scan in north Indians

Introduction: Cervical spinal stenosis is a common disease that results in considerable morbidity and disability. It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term disabilities secondary to irreversible spinal cord injury. The bodies of the cervical vertebrae are smaller in size compared with those of other vertebrae and function to protect the spinal cord, support the head, and allow movement of the head (in flexion, extension, and rotation). Material and Methods: This is a Case control prospective study conducted at Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad and Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. The present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy and Radio diagnosis. Diagnosed cases of (Neck pain) with suspected cervical canal stenosis and facet joint arthrosis from OPD of Department of Orthopedics and Neurology of Santosh Medical referred to Radio diagnosis department for CT scan was chosen as subject. Result: In our study, results suggest gradual increase of spinal canal Sagittal vertebral body diameter (AP-V), from C3 (14.06±0.76) to C7 (14.44±0.75). Furthermore, in our study at the level of C7 (9.23±0.40) the Sagittal spinal cord diameter (AP-SC) increases and the smallest sagittal diameter of the canal were detected at the level of C3 (9.05±0.47).&nbsp

Eosinophilic mucus chronic rhinosinusitis: clinical subgroups or a homogenous pathogenic entity?

© The American Laryngological, Rhinological & Otological Society, Inc.Background: Eosinophilic mucus chronic rhinosinusitis (EMCRS) can be subclassified using the criteria of detection of fungi in eosinophilic mucus and systemic fungal allergy. Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), a subgroup of EMCRS characterized by the presence of fungal allergy, is proposed to be an immunoglobulin (Ig)E-driven disease, distinct from other EMCRS subgroups. However, our recent studies cast doubt on the central pathogenic role of allergy in AFS. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical features of EMCRS patients from the different subcategories to determine the relevance of this classification system. Method: The demographic, clinical, and immunologic characteristics of the EMCRS subgroups were examined prospectively and compared with three control groups: healthy volunteers, allergic rhinitis with fungal allergy, and chronic rhinosinusitis without eosinophilic mucus. Results: EMCRS patients with allergy were younger than those without. There was no significant difference in clinicopathologic parameters between EMCRS subgroups. As a single group, EMCRS had a more severe sinus disease compared with chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Conclusions: AFS was not clinically distinct from other subgroups of EMCRS. However, eosinophilic mucus may mark a more severe and distinct form of sinus disease.Pant, Harshita; Kette, Frank E.; Smith, William B.; Macardle, Peter J. and Wormald, Peter J