Current trends in the development of long tubular bones osteosynthesis

We reviewed scientific literature on the problem of osteosynthesis of long tubular human bones, published during the last 10 years. The Scopus, Web of Scince, Pubmed, RSCI databases were searched for the articles reporting the results of clinical studies and biomechanical experiments using plate osteosynthesis. The advantages and disadvantages of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for different segments have been revealed. The articles reported a lower probability of displacement development in minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in comparison with intramedullary osteosynthesis, good biological conditions for fracture healing, decreased rate of complications of postoperative wounds due to reduced incisions. In the concept of biological osteosynthesis, the advantage of axial dynamization and fracture micro-mobility over absolute rigidity was noted. The study also revealed the influence of the parameters of a plate and osteosynthesis technique on the rigidity of the plate-bone system, such as: the working length of the plate, the number of screws on the plate, types of screws (cortical or locking), the plate material and its profile. The bone osteosynthesis seemed to have new directions of evolution. These include far cortical locking screws allowing micromobility under the plate, providing a "controlled dynamization". An experimental technology of Active Locking Plates has been reported, where the screws with angular stability are locked in holes on elastic sliding elements providing micromobility of the screw relative to the plate. In general, all the visible results differed in various studies and, sometimes, contradicted each other

Modeling of a new type of reinforcing insulation of 110 kV cable joints

This article is devoted to the creation of a new reinforcing insulation of high-voltage cable joints at 110 kV. According to statistics for 2016, about 65% of accidents on the cable line occur at the junction of the two cable segments. The problem of leveling the electric field in the cutting is one of the important in the cable industry. To date, it has become possible to create new composite materials with special properties. With this help, a new type of 110 kV amplifying insulation will work on a new combined method of leveling the electric field. Using the finite element method, the model of amplifying insulation (tube-regulator) was modeled. It consists of several components that are responsible for a different principle of leveling the field

Supercapacitors in bioelectrochemical systems

none4siBioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are devices composed of two electrodes: (1) an anode and a cathode and a (2) separator that can be a solid (e.g., membrane) or a liquid (e.g., electrolyte) [1, 2]. At the anode, the oxidation reaction occurs while at the cathode reduction reaction takes place. Different from classical abiotic electrochemical systems such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors, BESs have biotic components and features in at least one of the two electrodes [1, 2]. It may happen that both of the electrodes experience and interact with the biotic matter. The biotic components are generally microorganisms and enzymes that categorize fuel cells called microbial fuel cells (MFCs) [1, 2] and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs) [3]. The latter are also known as a general term, that is, biofuel cells (BFCs). BESs dealing with microorganisms can also be exploited for the following: (i) generating hydrogen at the cathode under an external voltage supply in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC); (ii) reducing carbon dioxide to methane, acetate, or other valuable compounds in a microbial electrosynthesis cell (MEC); (iii) desalinate water while producing electricity (MDC) [2].mixedmixedCarlo Santoro, Dmitry Pankratov, Ioannis Ieropoulos, Francesca SoaviCarlo Santoro, Dmitry Pankratov, Ioannis Ieropoulos, Francesca Soav

The influence of surface composition of carbon nanotubes on the photobioelectrochemical activity of thylakoid bioanodes mediated by osmium-complex modified redox polymer

A combination of photosynthetic biocatalysts with high surface area conductive materials mediated by an osmium-complex modified redox polymer (OsRP) holds promising features for the development of sustainable "green" systems for solar energy conversion. In this work we performed a comparative study of two types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized by pyrolysis of polymeric precursors. Both CNTs were of similar morphology, but had a different surface C/O ratio. The CNTs were utilized as a support for immobilization of thylakoid membranes, electrochemically wired through the OsRP. The photobioanodes based on the CNTs with a higher C/O ratio exhibit a higher maximum photocurrent density of 97.1 +/- 8.3 mu A cm(-2) at a light intensity of 400 W m(-2) with reduced charge transfer resistance, but had lower operational stability. Our results demonstrate the significance of investigating of electrochemical communication between the photosynthetic component, the redox mediator and the support nano-material and may offer new opportunities for designing and optimization of mediated bioelectrochemical systems. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This work was financially supported by the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under REA Grant Agreement No. 609405 (Ørsted-COFUND Postdoc fellowship at DTU), the Swedish Research Council (Project No. 2014–5908), the Independent Research Fund Denmark-Nature Sciences (Project No. 7014-00302B), Science Foundation Ireland (Project 15/TIDA/2887), and from the Villum Foundation for a postdoctoral program. The authors thank Prof. Hans-Erik Åkerlund (Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden) for providing the TMs.peer-reviewed2021-04-1

Modeling of a new type of reinforcing insulation of 110 kV cable joints

This article is devoted to the creation of a new reinforcing insulation of high-voltage cable joints at 110 kV. According to statistics for 2016, about 65% of accidents on the cable line occur at the junction of the two cable segments. The problem of leveling the electric field in the cutting is one of the important in the cable industry. To date, it has become possible to create new composite materials with special properties. With this help, a new type of 110 kV amplifying insulation will work on a new combined method of leveling the electric field. Using the finite element method, the model of amplifying insulation (tube-regulator) was modeled. It consists of several components that are responsible for a different principle of leveling the field