Calidad de aire en la ciudad de Rafaela

Dentro del ambiente urbano la calidad del aire es afectada fundamentalmente por presencia de sustancias que provienen de los procesos de combustión producidos en los vehículos de transporte público y privado. Los contaminantes primarios más importantes son CO, NOx, SO2, HC, y material particulado. En el presente trabajo se estudia la calidad del aire en zona céntrica de la ciudad de Rafaela, provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. La ciudad de Rafaela se encuentra en la zona centrooeste de la provincia de Santa Fe. Su población es de 82.530 habitantes y cuenta con un parque automotor de alrededor de 59.679 vehículos. (Datos de INDEC Censo 2001 y RNRPA 2007)

Patterns of genetic diversity and potential ecological niches of Stylosanthes species from northeastern Argentina

The Stylosanthes genus is native to Central and South America and contains several of the most important tropical legumes used for forage. The southernmost natural distribution of the genus includes the northeast of Argentina, a subtropical region where several phytogeographic provinces and ecoregions converge, giving rise to particular environmental conditions. Here, we used inter-simple sequence repeat markers to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of four and eight natural populations from northeast of Argentina of Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. and S. hippocampoides Mohlenbr., respectively. We also modeled the potential ecological niches to obtain environmental information regarding new collection areas and future crop areas. High genetic diversity and specific bands were found for both species. The summary statistics were relatively higher for S. guianensis than for S. hippocampoides. In both species, more genetic diversity was present among populations than within them, and correlation between genetic and geographic distances was observed. Populations were grouped according to their respective species, and their geographical source. The results suggest that collecting a few individuals from a large number of different sites would be an appropriate method for conserving the diversity of these species, with emphasis on those areas with the highest levels of genetic diversity. The modeling of ecological niches suggested mean temperature of the coldest quarter as the most important bioclimatic variable influencing S. guianensis distribution, and temperature seasonality as the variable influencing S. hippocampoides distribution, and showed new potential areas for future collections and as potential crop areas of the species.Fil: Silvestri, María Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Acuña, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Ercilia Maria Sara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: García, Alejandra Vanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Vanni, Ricardo Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Lavia, Graciela Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentin

Phenology and reproductive traits of peaches and nectarines in Central-East Argentina Fenologia e comportamento reprodutivo de pêssego no centro-leste da Argentina

In Santa Fe, the central-east area of Argentina, the expansion of fruit tree crops requires the introduction and evaluation of low chilling varieties. The aims of this study was to characterize the phenological behaviour and the reproductive traits of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) and nectarine varieties with chilling requirements ranging from 150 to 650 chilling hours (CH). Low chilling varieties (< 450 CH) had higher flower density (22.0-56.5 flowers m-1), fruit set (26.0-56.7%), fruit yield (9.3-36.6 kg per plant), and low coefficient of fruit yield variability than varieties with a higher chilling requirement (>500 CH). The phenology of high chilling requirement varieties had the advantage that blooming and fruit set happened after the period of late frost occurrence. However, they did not satisfy their chilling requirement, showing an inadequate vegetative and reproductive behaviour. Low chilling varieties began to sprout during July, and the period of full bloom occurred from July 14th to August 4th. Fruit harvest was initiated on October 19th with the cv. 'Flordastar' and it extended for 58 days. However, on low chilling varieties the harvest time was reduced in ten days. Flower density, fruit set and fruit yield showed a negative relationship with the chilling requirement of the variety.<br>Na região centro-leste do estado de Santa Fé, Argentina, para a expansão dos frutais é preciso introduzir variedades de baixo requerimento de frio. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o comportamento durante as fases de crescimento e frutificação de variedades de pêssego (Prunus persica L. Batsch) e nectarina com requerimentos de frio que variam entre 150-650 horas de frio (CH). As variedades de pêssego de baixa necessidade de frio (< 450 CH) mostraram maior densidade de flores (22.0-56.5 flores m-1), de estabelecimento de frutos (26.0-56.7%), e rendimento de fruta (9.3-36.6 kg por planta) comparado com variedades de pêssego com necessidade de frio maior (>500 CH). As variedades de maior necessidade de frio tiveram a vantagem da floração, e o estabelecimento dos frutos aconteceu depois do período de risco de geadas. Porém, essas variedades não têm satisfeita sua necessidade de frio, apresentando comportamento vegetativo e reprodutivo inadequado. As variedades de baixa necessidade de frio brotaram entre 4 a 31 de julho e o período de plena floração aconteceu entre 14 de julho a 4 de agosto. A colheita de fruta começou em 19 de outubro com o cv. 'Flordastar', e sua duração foi de 58 dias. Para as variedades de baixa necessidade de frio o período de colheita foi dez dias mais curto

Relationship between morphology and trophic ecology in an assemblage of passerine birds in riparian forests of the Paraná River (Argentina)

We describe the ecomorphology of an assemblage of bird species found in riparian forests of the Middle Paraná River, Argentina. We sought to determine (1) the more important morphological characteristics that separate coexisting species, (2) whether such separation was related to the trophic ecology of each species and (3) whether a priori guilds showed morphological similarity. We tested the hypotheses that (a) a species' morphology is related to the trophic ecology of that species and (b) that species of a priori guilds are morphometrically more similar to each other than to species of different a priori guilds. For this, we considered an assemblage of 29 species of birds from riparian forest that were sampled with mist nets during the 2011 and 2014 breeding seasons. We obtained morphometric measurements of captured individuals and supplemented those data with measurements from museum specimens. Trophic characterisation (diet and trophic microhabitat) was based on a literature review. Results showed a separation of bird species as a function of variables related to trophic ecology (diets and trophic microhabitats) and morphology. After controlling for phylogenetic constraint, species' morphology partially reflected the trophic ecology of the species, supporting the central hypothesis of the ecomorphological discipline and showing that the use of trophic and morphometric data provides complementary data to improve the guild organisation of riparian bird assemblages.Fil: Quiroga, Virginia Mariela. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzón, Rodrigo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Maglier, Gisela. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Ronchi Virgolini, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos; Argentin