Economic tools for evaluating fish business

In fisheries projects, costs are easier to identify than benefits because the expenditure pattern is easily visualized. The various types of costs involved in the project are: Project costs; Associated costs; Primary costs or direct costs; Indirect costs or secondary costs; Real costs and nominal costs; Social costs; Replacement cost

Enhancement of carrier mobility along with anisotropic transport in non-regiocontrolled poly (3-hexylthiophene) films processed by floating film transfer method

A newly developed floating film transfer method (FTM) has been successfully utilized to fabricate oriented thin films of non-regiocontrolled poly (3-hexyl thiophene) (NR-P3HT) followed by the fabrication of organic field effect transistors (OFETs). AFM microstructural investigations demonstrate the facile molecular alignment of NR-P3HT by FTM leading to highly oriented macromolecular assemblies like fibrous domains with considerably enhanced π-conjugation length. FTM thin films of NR-P3HT not only show enhanced optical anisotropy (dichroic ratio >8) but also significantly improved FET characteristics. FTM films in its parallel orientation exhibited a significant improvement (>2 orders) in the FET mobility as compared to its spin-coated device counterparts

Economic analysis of fisheries projects

Project formulation is an important part of entrepreneurship development. Fisheries sector, hosting a gamut of entrepreneurship venture, corroborates the importance of technical know how in project planning, formulation and implementation. Diverse information in projects targeted at a heterogeneous g roup has been modified to suit the needs of an entrepreneur seeking assistance in his venture. This book on "Economic Analysis of Fisheries Projects' contains citations and applications, which caters to the needs of professional graduates and postgraduates in fisherie

Influence of backbone structure on orientation of conjugated polymers in the dynamic casting of thin floating-films

Dynamic casting of conjugated polymer films on liquid-substrate is a unique method which provides thin floating-film and can be easily transferred on a desired substrate by stamping. The important feature in this procedure is associated with the formation of thin polymeric film during compression and solidification controlled by viscous drag of liquid substrate and solvent evaporation of the polymer, respectively. Lyotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) characteristics of conjugated polymer possibly assist to orient the polymer chain in one direction. It is found that this method produce highly oriented thin films (dichroic ratio > 5) of thiophene-based conjugated polymers such as PBTTT-C14, PQT-C12 and non-regiocontrolled poly(3-hexylthiophene) NR-P3HT. On the other hand, weak orientation intensity in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) RR-P3HT was found. The mechanism for this diverse orientation in thiophene-based conjugated polymers is discussed in correlation with the backbone chemical structure and lyotropic LC phase transition during the floating-film formation

Solvent driven performance in thin floating-films of PBTTT for organic field effect transistor: Role of macroscopic orientation

Considering the advantages of floating film transfer method (FTM), we have investigated the optical and electronic characteristics of PBTTT-C14 thin-films prepared by the static and the dynamic casting on liquid substrate. It has been demonstrated that judicious selection of solvents during FTM switches the casting mode from the static casting (S-FTM) using high boiling point solvent to the dynamic casting (D-FTM) from low boiling point solvent. Although both of the methods provide the edge-on oriented structure of PBTTT-C14 by XRD, the structural and the optical analyses reveal relatively extended π-conjugation length in parallel D-FTM film as compared to that of S-FTM. A high field-effect mobility (μ) of 0.11 cm2/V.s was exhibited by OFETs fabricated by parallel D-FTM film even without any high temperature post-annealing up to the liquid crystalline phase transition. This observed value of μ for parallel D-FTM is 4.7 and 12.8 times higher than the isotropic S-FTM and the perpendicular D-FTM films, respectively

Photophysical Characterization and BSA Interaction of Direct Ring Carboxy Functionalized Symmetrical squaraine Dyes

A series of far-red sensitive symmetrical squaraine dyes bearing direct –COOH functionalized indole ring were synthesized, characterized and subjected to photophysical investigations. These symmetrical squaraine dyes were then subjected to investigate their interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Phosphate buffer solutions. All the squaraine dyes under investigation exhibit intense and sharp optical absorption mainly in the far-red wavelength region from 550 nm -700 nm having very high molar extinction coefficients from 1.3 × 105 dm3.mol−1.cm−1. A very small Stokes shift of 10-17 nm indicates the rigid conformational structure of squaraine chromophore. Interaction of these dyes with BSA leads to not only enhanced emission intensity but also bathochromically shifted absorption maximum due to formation of dye-BSA conjugate. These dyes bind strongly with BSA having about an order of magnitude higher binding constant as compared to the reported squaraine dyes. Amongst the symmetrical squaraine dyes investigated in this work one bearing substituents like trifluorobutyl as alkyl chain at N-position of indole ring and carboxylic acid on benzene ring at the terminal (SQ-26) exhibited highest association with the BSA having very high binding constant 8.01 × 106 M−1.12th International Conference on Nanomolecular Electronics (ICNME-2016), December 14-16, 2016, Kobe International Conference Center, Kobe, Japa

Combined theoretical and experimental approaches for development of squaraine dyes with small energy barrier for electron injection

A series of far-red sensitizing squaraine dyes has been systematically designed and synthesized in order to correlate the theoretically calculated values with their corresponding experimental parameters. Efforts have been directed towards determining the minimum thermodynamic energy barrier for the electron injection in the nanoporous TiO2 by logical molecular design. Theoretical calculations using Gaussian program package were performed for ground and excited states in both of the isolated gaseous state as well as in solution including the solvent effect using a self-consistent reaction field polarizable continuum model (PCM). Implementation of the PCM model or use of LSDA functional under TD-DFT calculations gives much better results for energetics as well as absorption maximum for all of the sensitizers used in this work. Newly designed symmetrical squaraine dye SQ-5 exhibits a minimum energy barrier of 0.16 eV for electron injection and shows photon harvesting behavior in far-red region with external photoconversion efficiency of 2.02% under simulated solar irradiation

Layer-by-layer coating of oriented conjugated polymer films towards anisotropic electronics

Dynamic casting of floating-film and transferring method for preparing oriented multilayer films of conjugated polymers is reported. This method is based on dynamic casting of a floating-film on liquid substrate to obtain oriented thin-film followed by its transfer on a desired solid substrate. The uniqueness in this method lies in the isolation of casting and coating procedures of oriented films, which enables us to fabricate the oriented multilayer with minimum interlayer interference. It provides a key-technology to build up the organic multi-layered architecture while preserving oriented morphologies. Several types of multilayer films have been prepared and investigated in detail in terms of their film characteristics. The layer-by-layer coating of oriented films demonstrated by this method is found to be a unique feature which overcomes cumbersome procedures in the conventional orientation methods. The coating procedure demonstrated in this study provides a facile methodology to construct anisotropic architectures

Performance of fisheries cooperatives in India- an evaluation of primary societies in Thane District of Maharashtra

The fisheries co operative system in India was devised with a view to providing assistance to the actual producers, the fishers. Fisheries co-operativo societies are governed by a separate set of rules to channel govornment assistance on the principles of self-help and democratic management. A large number of flsheries cooperatives have been formed both in marine and inland sectors of the country and contributing to fhe socio-economic development of the fishers. Presently, there are one National LeveI Federation, 7 state level federations, 108 central Ievol federations and 12,427 primary fishery sodeti s functioning in India

An evaluation of the business performance of fishery cooperative societies in Vasai Taluka of Thane District, Maharashtra

Fishery cooperative movement is considered to be the most effective way to develop the fishery industry and improve the standards of living of the poor fishermen. It is also viewed that fishery cooperatives could spare from the exploitation and improve their socio-economic conditions. Efforts made in this direction have yielded goods results in some areas, but the overall picture of fishery cooperatives is not encouraging