PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE BARK OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA (CAESALPINIACEAEA)

Bauhinia variegata (Family - Caesalpiniaceaea) is a medium-sized, deciduous tree, found throughout India, ascending to an altitude up to 1800m in Himalayas. The objective of the study was to develop various standardization parameters for the evaluation of Bark of this plant. Microscopy, powder characteristics of bark were observed and results were recorded. Physicochemical analysis such as extractive value includes petroleum ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous soluble extractive values of 2.88, 6.86, 2.96, and 8.88% w/w respectively; extracts were analysed by chemical test and showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids and triterpenoids etc. The preliminary phytochemical investigation indicated presence of tannins, carbohydrates, flavenoieds and steroids. The results obtained from standardization of bark established the macro and microscopical parameters, physicochemical parameters, TLC profiles that characterize the genuine plant drug (B.variegata) so these parameters are useful for quick identification of drug and are particularly useful in the case of powdered materials

An International Outburst of New Form of Monkeypox Virus

A new strain of the old pandemic, Monkeypox (MPX), has emerged with a more complicated clinical appearance. It is a source of relief that the fatality rate in the new monkeypox is lower, but communicability is higher. This infection’s diagnosis and therapy are still challenging and unknown. Researchers are reporting increased human-to-human transmission in the modified version of MPX. There have been several reports of the updated version of monkeypox in the European and American areas. Brazil, Colombia, France, Spain, Germany, Peru, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America have recorded over three thousand new cases of monkeypox through October 2022. Few antiviral medicines and vaccines are available on the market, making treatment of this condition difficult. MPX was previously declared an epidemic disease, but ignorance about it can bring devastation in the shape of the next pandemic-like COVID-19. This review aims to assess the virology, transmission, diagnosis, and therapy of MPX

Herbal Gel for the Treatment of Arthritis: Formulation, Evaluation, and Standardization

Arthritis patients now have another option in the form of the Siddha and Ayurvedic therapy systems. Cardiospermum halicacabum and Vitex negundo are the two herbs most frequently used in conventional medicine for the treatment of arthritis. Material and Methods: The mature fresh leaves of Vitex negundo and Cardiospermum halicacabum were procured from Palakkad, Kerala. The following substances were procured from Sigma-Aldrich USA: Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), diclofenac sodium, triethanolamine, propylene glycol, and disodium edetate. Carbopol 934 and Carbopol 940 were procured from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd. in Mumbai. Results: Physical appearance, net content, viscosity, extrudability, pH, spreadability, in vitro diffusion profile, and primary skin irritation tests were conducted on a set of 12 herbal gel formulations made with 1.5% of gelling agents carbopol 934 (F1-F6) and carbopol 940 (F6-F12). Anti-arthritic activity was measured using the Freund's Complete Adjuvant induced arthritis method, and the stability of the topical herbal gel formulation was studied in accordance with ICH recommendations. Histopathological analysis, In vitro detection of blood biomarkers, and measurements of body weight and paw volume were also performed. Gel formulations were consistent, stable, and safe to use. The release characteristics of formulation F5 were the most favorable compared to the others. Conclusion: An effective topical herbal gel for the treatment of arthritis was found to be the F5 formulation, which combines 2% CHME and 2% VNME with 1.5% carbopol 934. More clinical trials are needed to determine how effective this formulation is in treating inflammatory illnesses of the joints

Study of various biochemical parameter on atrazine induced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in brain

G6PD is rate limiting enzyme in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), have effective physiological role in  supply of NADPH by converting it into Glucose-6-phosphate to phospogluconate which acts as a major cell reductant and useful to cell survival. Brain is highly sophisticated organ of our body which requires continuous supply of energy in form of glucose. Daily requirement of brain glucose is 120gm. G6PD plays a key role in it. According to WHO 75% of world population have more than one gene for G6PD and around  2.9% of population is G6PD deficient. It is most common enzymatic disorder of cell effecting 200-400 million people. G6PD exist in all cell to oxidative damage and it is responsible for various neurodegenerative disorder like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, Schizophrenia catatonia, Neuronal toxicity etc. The research work was aimed to check the neuroprotective potential of Melatonin with Primaquine and Melatonin with Aspirin (contraindicated to G6PD deficient individuals) in Atrazine induced G6PD deficiency in Albino Rats. Study was carried out for the various biochemical parameters (G6PD, Nitrites, LDH, Glucose), neurotransmitters (Serotonin, Dopamine, Nor-adrenaline), anti-oxidant activity (GSH, LPO, SOD and Catalase) and histopathological evaluation.&nbsp

Knowledge and perception about dental implant and its complications among dental and medical students—A comparative observational survey

Introduction: As dental implants become more widely used, there is a need to raise awareness about their potential complications. Professionals in the dental and medical fields must take responsibility for educating the public, and future professionals in these fields will play a key role in this effort. Methodology: Dental and medical students were polled through online questionnaire, with questions posed in multiple-choice format, to gauge their knowledge of dental implants. Result: When medical students were compared with dental students, it concluded that the dental students have more knowledge about implants and its complication. Conclusion: The statistical analysis revealed that the knowledge about basics of implantology and implant complications was good amongst dental students than medical students which was statistically significant