334 research outputs found
Power-law Template for Infrared Point-source Clustering
We perform a combined fit to angular power spectra of unresolved infrared (IR) point sources from the Planck
satellite (at 217, 353, 545, and 857 GHz, over angular scales 100 ≾ ℓ ≾ 2200), the Balloon-borne Large-Aperture
Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST; 250, 350, and 500μm; 1000 ≾ ℓ ≾ 9000), and from correlating BLAST and Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT; 148 and 218 GHz) maps. We find that the clustered power over the range of angular scales and frequencies considered is well fitted by a simple power law of the form C^(clust)_ℓ ∝ ℓ^(-n) with n = 1.25 ± 0.06. While the IR sources are understood to lie at a range of redshifts, with a variety of dust properties, we find that the frequency dependence of the clustering power can be described by the square of a modified blackbody, ν^(β)B(ν, T_(eff)), with a single emissivity index β = 2.20 ± 0.07 and effective temperature T_(eff) = 9.7 K. Our predictions for the clustering amplitude are consistent with existing ACT and South Pole Telescope results at around 150 and 220 GHz, as is our prediction for the effective dust spectral index, which we find to be α_(150–220) = 3.68±0.07 between 150 and 220 GHz. Our constraints on the clustering shape and frequency dependence can be used to model the IR clustering as a contaminant in cosmic microwave background anisotropy measurements. The combined Planck and BLAST data also rule out a linear bias clustering model
Thulium laser transurethral VApoResection of the Prostate (ThuVARP) versus TransUrethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms or urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic obstruction:A randomised controlled trial
A new chromosome-assigned Mongolian gerbil genome allows characterization of complete centromeres and a fully heterochromatic chromosome
This is the final version. Available on open access from Oxford University Press via the DOI in this recordData Availability:
All sequencing data and the genome are available under SRA BioProject PRJNA397533. Specific accession numbers can be found in supplementary material S1, Supplementary Material online. This Whole Genome Shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession JAODIK000000000. The version described in this paper is version JAODIK010000000. The genetic map, a vcf of the genetic markers and their genotypes in the mapping panel, the gff of the gene annotations, the gff of the repetitive element annotations, and “Supplemental_Material 3_codebase.zip”, can be found in the Dryad repository here: Brekke, Thomas D. (2022), Data for “The origin of a new chromosome in gerbils”, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1vhhmgqws.Chromosome-scale genome assemblies based on ultralong-read sequencing technologies are able to illuminate previously intractable aspects of genome biology such as fine-scale centromere structure and large-scale variation in genome features such as heterochromatin, GC content, recombination rate, and gene content. We present here a new chromosome-scale genome of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), which includes the complete sequence of all centromeres. Gerbils are thus the one of the first vertebrates to have their centromeres completely sequenced. Gerbil centromeres are composed of four different repeats of length 6, 37, 127, or 1,747 bp, which occur in simple alternating arrays and span 1-6 Mb. Gerbil genomes have both an extensive set of GC-rich genes and chromosomes strikingly enriched for constitutive heterochromatin. We sought to determine if there was a link between these two phenomena and found that the two heterochromatic chromosomes of the Mongolian gerbil have distinct underpinnings: Chromosome 5 has a large block of intraarm heterochromatin as the result of a massive expansion of centromeric repeats, while chromosome 13 is comprised of extremely large (>150 kb) repeated sequences. In addition to characterizing centromeres, our results demonstrate the importance of including karyotypic features such as chromosome number and the locations of centromeres in the interpretation of genome sequence data and highlight novel patterns involved in the evolution of chromosomes.Leverhulme TrustNatural Environment Research Council (NERC)Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Cross Correlation with Planck maps
We present the temperature power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background
obtained by cross-correlating maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT)
at 148 and 218 GHz with maps from the Planck satellite at 143 and 217 GHz, in
two overlapping regions covering 592 square degrees. We find excellent
agreement between the two datasets at both frequencies, quantified using the
variance of the residuals between the ACT power spectra and the ACTxPlanck
cross-spectra. We use these cross-correlations to calibrate the ACT data at 148
and 218 GHz, to 0.7% and 2% precision respectively. We find no evidence for
anisotropy in the calibration parameter. We compare the Planck 353 GHz power
spectrum with the measured amplitudes of dust and cosmic infrared background
(CIB) of ACT data at 148 and 218 GHz. We also compare planet and point source
measurements from the two experiments.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei in the Southern Survey
We present a catalog of 191 extragalactic sources detected by the Atacama
Cosmology Telescope (ACT) at 148 GHz and/or 218 GHz in the 2008 Southern
survey. Flux densities span 14-1700 mJy, and we use source spectral indices
derived using ACT-only data to divide our sources into two sub-populations: 167
radio galaxies powered by central active galactic nuclei (AGN), and 24 dusty
star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). We cross-identify 97% of our sources (166 of the
AGN and 19 of the DSFGs) with those in currently available catalogs. When
combined with flux densities from the Australian Telescope 20 GHz survey and
follow-up observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, the
synchrotron-dominated population is seen to exhibit a steepening of the slope
of the spectral energy distribution from 20 to 148 GHz, with the trend
continuing to 218 GHz. The ACT dust-dominated source population has a median
spectral index of 3.7+0.62-0.86, and includes both local galaxies and sources
with redshifts as great as 5.6. Dusty sources with no counterpart in existing
catalogs likely belong to a recently discovered subpopulation of DSFGs lensed
by foreground galaxies or galaxy groups.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, 4 table
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: The LABOCA/ACT Survey of Clusters at All Redshifts
We present a multi-wavelength analysis of eleven Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect
(SZE)-selected galaxy clusters (ten with new data) from the Atacama Cosmology
Telescope (ACT) southern survey. We have obtained new imaging from the Large
APEX Bolometer Camera (345GHz; LABOCA) on the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment
(APEX) telescope, the Australia Telescope Compact Array (2.1GHz; ATCA), and the
Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (250, 350, and ;
SPIRE) on the Herschel Space Observatory. Spatially-resolved 345GHz SZE
increments with integrated S/N > 5 are found in six clusters. We compute 2.1GHz
number counts as a function of cluster-centric radius and find significant
enhancements in the counts of bright sources at projected radii . By extrapolating in frequency, we predict that the combined
signals from 2.1GHz-selected radio sources and 345GHz-selected SMGs contaminate
the 148GHz SZE decrement signal by ~5% and the 345GHz SZE increment by ~18%.
After removing radio source and SMG emission from the SZE signals, we use ACT,
LABOCA, and (in some cases) new Herschel SPIRE imaging to place constraints on
the clusters' peculiar velocities. The sample's average peculiar velocity
relative to the cosmic microwave background is .Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for Publication in The Astrophysical
Journa
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: the stellar content of galaxy clusters selected using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
We present a first measurement of the stellar mass component of galaxy
clusters selected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, using 3.6 um and 4.5
um photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our sample consists of 14
clusters detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), which span the
redshift range 0.27 < z < 1.07 (median z = 0.50), and have dynamical mass
measurements, accurate to about 30 per cent, with median M500 = 6.9 x 10^{14}
MSun. We measure the 3.6 um and 4.5 um galaxy luminosity functions, finding the
characteristic magnitude (m*) and faint-end slope (alpha) to be similar to
those for IR-selected cluster samples. We perform the first measurements of the
scaling of SZ-observables (Y500 and y0) with both brightest cluster galaxy
(BCG) stellar mass and total cluster stellar mass (M500star). We find a
significant correlation between BCG stellar mass and Y500 (E(z)^{-2/3} DA^2
Y500 ~ M*^{1.2 +/- 0.6}), although we are not able to obtain a strong
constraint on the slope of the relation due to the small sample size.
Additionally, we obtain E(z)^{-2/3} DA^2 Y500 ~ M500star^{1.0 +/- 0.6} for the
scaling with total stellar mass. The mass fraction in stars spans the range
0.006-0.034, with the second ranked cluster in terms of dynamical mass (ACT-CL
J0237-4939) having an unusually low total stellar mass and the lowest stellar
mass fraction. For the five clusters with gas mass measurements available in
the literature, we see no evidence for a shortfall of baryons relative to the
cosmic mean value.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 12 pages, 10 figure
Cosmological Parameters from Pre-Planck CMB Measurements
Recent data from the WMAP, ACT and SPT experiments provide precise
measurements of the cosmic microwave background temperature power spectrum over
a wide range of angular scales. The combination of these observations is well
fit by the standard, spatially flat LCDM cosmological model, constraining six
free parameters to within a few percent. The scalar spectral index, n_s =
0.9690 +/- 0.0089, is less than unity at the 3.6 sigma level, consistent with
simple models of inflation. The damping tail of the power spectrum at high
resolution, combined with the amplitude of gravitational lensing measured by
ACT and SPT, constrains the effective number of relativistic species to be
N_eff = 3.28 +/- 0.40, in agreement with the standard model's three species of
light neutrinos.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Precision Electron-Beam Polarimetry using Compton Scattering at 1 GeV
We report on the highest precision yet achieved in the measurement of the
polarization of a low energy, (1 GeV), electron beam, accomplished
using a new polarimeter based on electron-photon scattering, in Hall~C at
Jefferson Lab. A number of technical innovations were necessary, including a
novel method for precise control of the laser polarization in a cavity and a
novel diamond micro-strip detector which was able to capture most of the
spectrum of scattered electrons. The data analysis technique exploited track
finding, the high granularity of the detector and its large acceptance. The
polarization of the A, ~GeV electron beam was measured with a
statistical precision of ~1\% per hour and a systematic uncertainty of
0.59\%. This exceeds the level of precision required by the \qweak experiment,
a measurement of the vector weak charge of the proton. Proposed future
low-energy experiments require polarization uncertainty ~0.4\%, and this
result represents an important demonstration of that possibility. This
measurement is also the first use of diamond detectors for particle tracking in
an experiment.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, published in PR
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Using the Skewness of the CMB Temperature Distribution
We present a detection of the unnormalized skewness induced by the
thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect in filtered Atacama Cosmology Telescope
(ACT) 148 GHz cosmic microwave background temperature maps. Contamination due
to infrared and radio sources is minimized by template subtraction of resolved
sources and by constructing a mask using outlying values in the 218 GHz
(tSZ-null) ACT maps. We measure = -31 +- 6 \mu K^3 (measurement error
only) or +- 14 \mu K^3 (including cosmic variance error) in the filtered ACT
data, a 5-sigma detection. We show that the skewness is a sensitive probe of
sigma_8, and use analytic calculations and tSZ simulations to obtain
cosmological constraints from this measurement. From this signal alone we infer
a value of sigma_8= 0.79 +0.03 -0.03 (68 % C.L.) +0.06 -0.06 (95 % C.L.). Our
results demonstrate that measurements of non-Gaussianity can be a useful method
for characterizing the tSZ effect and extracting the underlying cosmological
information.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. Replaced with version accepted by Phys. Rev. D,
with improvements to the likelihood function and the IR source treatment;
only minor changes in the result
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