On directors’ compensation: a multilevel analysis of Spanish listed companies

This study analyzes the determinants of the annual compensation of directors belonging to the boards of the Spanish companies that constitute the IBEX 35 stock index. We investigate the importance of observed and unobserved heterogeneity in explaining director compensation. Based on a three-level mixed effect model, our analysis includes time-invariant random effects at company and manager level as determinants of director pay. We find that company effects explain 30% of the variation in director pay, while company and director effects taken together explain 77% of that variation. Our findings suggest that the characteristics of the company, in terms of activity sector, size and financial performance, and the professional attributes of the director (especially the role within the board), influence the compensation received. In addition, some directors and companies show random effects (either positive or negative) that significantly separate them from the expected compensation estimated from the fixed part of the model.CDTI - Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico IndustrialMinisterio de Economía, Industria y Competitivida

Nanocolumnar films: sustainable manufacturing and applications in biomedicine

Resumen del trabajo presentado en la 3rd International Conference on Nanomaterials Applied to Life Sciences (NALS 2022), celebrada en Santander (España), del 27 al 29 de abril de 2022Nanocolumnar films (NCFs) can be manufactured by glancing angle deposition with magnetron sputtering. This technique is environmentally friendly: it is carried out at RT in a single step (moderate energy consumption) and does not involve chemical products (no recycling issues). Depending on several parameters (namely the gas pressure, the electromagnetic power, the angle of inclination of the substrate and its possible rotation), the nanocolumnar structure can be controlled [1]. Moreover, this method can be scaled up to large surfaces, representing a valid approach for the industrial production of nanostructured films [2]. In particular, concerning biomedicine, NCFs made of Ti, Au and Pt have been fabricated and successfully employed in several applications. Ti NCFs can be used as antibacterial coatings for orthopedic implants [2,3]. Pt NCFs show improved properties as bioelectrodes for electric stimulation [4]. Finally, Au NCFs are excellent substrates for the identification of biomolecules in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, SERS [5]

Arsenic intake and urine as biomarker of exposure in two endemic arsenic areas in Chile: Phytoremediation as a strategy for the recovery of contaminated soils

The aim of this chapter was to study the distribution of total arsenic (t-As) and inorganic arsenic (i-As) in drinking water and foods (raw and cooked) consumed in arsenic-endemic areas. Inorganic arsenic intake from both drinking water and foods was estimated using samples collected from two arsenic endemic areas in the Antofagasta Region of Chile. The t-As contents in drinking water varied in the range 265 ± 13-572 ± 21 ug L-1 and 0.10 ± 0.10-0.25 ± 0.01 ug i-As g-1 ww in foods. In both arsenic endemic area considered, majority of the participants interviewed exceeded the FAO/OMS reference intake (149.8 ug i-As/day). In this chapter it used urine as arsenic (As)-biomarker of exposure. Detection of As in these biological samples is indicative of systemic absorption after exposure to it. Several samples of urine collected from subjects interviewed in one of the As-endemic area, showed high levels of t-As in the urine that fluctuated between 78-459 ng mL-1. It is known that this situation implies a very high risk for human health and then, it is important to carried out some economic and environmentally strategies for reducing the high levels of As in drinking water and foods. Studies done in arid zones have suggested that collecting plants species on contaminated soils may be effective for selecting potential plants to be used in phytoremediation. The ability to accumulate As from certain plants has generated interest for using them in phytoremediation and/or revegetation for the recovery of contaminated soils. This chapter have showed the potential of four plants collected in the contaminated soils of Antofagasta Region of Chile: Atriplex atacamensis, Atriplex halimus, Lupinus microcarpus and Pluchea absinthioides. Populations in certain regions, including those in the Second Region in Chile, may present a relatively high intake of i-As, derived first from drinking water and second from high consumption of vegetables and cereals. Excessive exposure to i-As in drinking water and foods can lead elevated urinary-As levels, showing that the toxicological risk to which the inhabitants of small towns of the Antofagasta Region, Chile, have been substantial.Peer reviewe

XVII International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Advanced Science, Technology and Innovation to move towards a new socio-technical system: Sustainable Social Transformation"

Contenido: Approach to the diagnostic of cesarean birth using bio-inspired models. ; Design of a tool in a virtual reality environment to manipulate anatomical models. ; The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the electricity price forecasting models. ; Depression prevention through artificial intelligence. ; State of the art in Prototypes as complements to the learning of the Colombian Sign Language (LSC). ; A computational proposal for gene expression deterministic analysis in associated disorders to depression and anxiety. ; Evaluation of postural stability from the predictability of the measurement of the center of pressure. ; Psychophysiological Analysis of Sound Stimuli.; Delphi method for the identification of relevant variables in the development of low-power photovoltaic solar projects. ; Socioeconomic impact of a refrigerator powered by a photovoltaic system in La Guajira. ; Energy Efficiency: characteristics that allow the reduction of greenhouse gases in. ; Possibilities for the implementation of a bioreactor from organic waste. ; Energy Potential with Small Hydroelectric Power Plants in Non- interconnected Zones of Colombia. ; Energy Potential in Photovoltaic Solar Solutions in Non-Interconnected Areas of Colombia. ; Photovoltaic system, towards the energy transition from home. ; Blockchain model to increase the transparency of public sector processes. ; Intelligent agricultural irrigation prescription system based on sensor networks and crop modeling. ; Design and implementation of a digital modulation classification system using intelligent algorithms. ; A mobile application proposal to minimize intermediation during agricultural process distribution of products in supply chain. ; Accompanying strategy for the social appropriation of new technologies in vulnerable agricultural communities: case in communities producing Gulupas fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims). ; Predictive model of transparency as an indicator of Public Policies. ; Smart system for recognition of ripening level in blackberry fruits. ; Project-based learning as an alternative methodology for technological education in electronics. ; Design and construction of an automated system for N. ; Four bar mechanisms (FBM) and their Software-Based applications: a reviewFT aquaponic culture of Red Carp and Crespa Lettuce. ; Intelligent search implementation for the construction of states of the art: a python application. ; Indoor and Outdoor propagation models on 5G environments: state of the art. ;The electronic detection of offenders (DOO) in the District Secretary of mobility of Bogotá: a step forward in the configuration of the concept of digital citizenship in Colombia. ; Monitoring through ICT of Mobility: technological collaborative feature to incorporate IoT in a Smart City. ; Characterization model of asphalt mixtures using digital image processing. ; Review: identification of diseases and/or pests in fruit trees through image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. ; VRS applicated to Nasa Yuwe language. ; Application of Pix2Pix for edge reconstruction in images. ; Brushless DC Motor Control System for Active Myoelectric Prosthesis. ; Implementation of a Water Conductivity Measuring System. ; 2 DOF robot programmed with MatLab® (guide and Peter Corke) and Arduino uno for writing alphabetical characters. ; Simulator of the behavior of the center of mass in a quadruped robot. ; Biomimetic prototype for flapping movement of batsContent: Contenido: Approach to the diagnostic of cesarean birth using bio-inspired models. ; Design of a tool in a virtual reality environment to manipulate anatomical models. ; The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the electricity price forecasting models. ; Depression prevention through artificial intelligence. ; State of the art in Prototypes as complements to the learning of the Colombian Sign Language (LSC). ; A computational proposal for gene expression deterministic analysis in associated disorders to depression and anxiety. ; Evaluation of postural stability from the predictability of the measurement of the center of pressure. ; Psychophysiological Analysis of Sound Stimuli.; Delphi method for the identification of relevant variables in the development of low-power photovoltaic solar projects. ; Socioeconomic impact of a refrigerator powered by a photovoltaic system in La Guajira. ; Energy Efficiency: characteristics that allow the reduction of greenhouse gases in. ; Possibilities for the implementation of a bioreactor from organic waste. ; Energy Potential with Small Hydroelectric Power Plants in Non- interconnected Zones of Colombia. ; Energy Potential in Photovoltaic Solar Solutions in Non-Interconnected Areas of Colombia. ; Photovoltaic system, towards the energy transition from home. ; Blockchain model to increase the transparency of public sector processes. ; Intelligent agricultural irrigation prescription system based on sensor networks and crop modeling. ; Design and implementation of a digital modulation classification system using intelligent algorithms. ; A mobile application proposal to minimize intermediation during agricultural process distribution of products in supply chain. ; Accompanying strategy for the social appropriation of new technologies in vulnerable agricultural communities: case in communities producing Gulupas fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims). ; Predictive model of transparency as an indicator of Public Policies. ; Smart system for recognition of ripening level in blackberry fruits. ; Project-based learning as an alternative methodology for technological education in electronics. ; Design and construction of an automated system for N. ; Four bar mechanisms (FBM) and their Software-Based applications: a reviewFT aquaponic culture of Red Carp and Crespa Lettuce. ; Intelligent search implementation for the construction of states of the art: a python application. ; Indoor and Outdoor propagation models on 5G environments: state of the art. ;The electronic detection of offenders (DOO) in the District Secretary of mobility of Bogotá: a step forward in the configuration of the concept of digital citizenship in Colombia. ; Monitoring through ICT of Mobility: technological collaborative feature to incorporate IoT in a Smart City. ; Characterization model of asphalt mixtures using digital image processing. ; Review: identification of diseases and/or pests in fruit trees through image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. ; VRS applicated to Nasa Yuwe language. ; Application of Pix2Pix for edge reconstruction in images. ; Brushless DC Motor Control System for Active Myoelectric Prosthesis. ; Implementation of a Water Conductivity Measuring System. ; 2 DOF robot programmed with MatLab® (guide and Peter Corke) and Arduino uno for writing alphabetical characters. ; Simulator of the behavior of the center of mass in a quadruped robot. ; Biomimetic prototype for flapping movement of bat

Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection

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