Isotope age constraint for the Blue Dyke and Jardine Peak subvertical intrusions of King George Island, West Antarctica

The Blue Dyke and Jardine Peak are subvertical hypabyssal intrusions cutting a stratiform volcanic sequence in the Admiralty Bay area on King George Island (South Shetlands, Antarctica). The rocks are porphyritic, crystal−rich basaltic andesites. Tiny zir− con crystals were used for single grain SHRIMP U−Pb dating. The mean ages calculated for the zircon populations from both intrusions indicates Late Oligocene (Chattian) formations. Zircon grains from the Blue Dyke gave the mean age of 27.9±0.3 Ma, whereas those from the Jardine Peak are slightly younger displaying the mean age of 25.4 ± 0.4 Ma: a Late Oligocene (Chattian) crystallization age the inferred of both these intrusions. These are much younger than previous Eocene K−Ar and Ar−Ar ages for such rocks and suggest that formation of the King George Island intrusions can be related to tectonic processes that ac− companied the opening of the Drake Passage

WYDAJNOŚĆ PRACY Z BAZAMI DANYCH W APLIKACJACH JEE

This article presents a comparison of JEE database applications performance using different programming interfaces (JDBC, Hibernate, jOOQ). The comparative analysis was made based on the test application and properly prepared scenarios. Comparison of memory usage and execution time for  the database operations, was presented in tables and charts. The conclusions indicate the benefits of these technology and  areas of their optimal use.Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje porównanie wydajności bazodanowych aplikacji JEE  z wykorzystaniem różnych interfejsów programistycznych  (JDBC, Hibernate, JOOQ). Analiza porównawcza została wykonana na podstawie aplikacji testowej i odpowiednio przygotowanych scenariuszy. Porównanie zużycia pamięci oraz czasu realizacji operacji na bazie danych,  zaprezentowano w postaci zestawień tabelarycznych i wykresów.  We wnioskach wskazano korzyści wynikające ze stosowania omawianych technologii i obszary ich optymalnego  stosowania

Nadzór regionalnych izb obrachunkowych nad podstawową jednostką samorządu terytorialnego

The article categorises the selected aspects of the institution of the Regional Accounting Chambers, which exercise the supervision over the financial matters of the basic unit of the local government. The analysis undertakes the issue of the genesis of the Regional Accounting Chambers as the one constituting the consequence of the regime changes and reforms, which emerged in Poland after 1989. Further, the purpose of the article is to discuss the operation of this institution in the scope of the supervisory proceedings following a resolution or an order delivered by the Gmina authorities obliged. The attempts to specify an exclusive definition of the supervision as well as to define the conceptual scope of the “financial matters“ constitute a separate aspect of studies. Another subject of the publication which the authors introduce is the direct application od the Constitutional regulations while taking into account the legality criterion. The article includes both an analysis of the Regional Accounting Chambers’ functioning prepared on the basis of analysing the examples of the Chambers in Białystok and Gdańsk, as well some suggestions of legal solutions

Sulfide enrichment along igneous layer boundaries in the lower oceanic crust: IODP Hole U1473A, Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge

Reactive porous or focused melt flows are common in crystal mushes of mid-ocean ridge magma reservoirs. Although they exert significant control on mid-ocean ridge magmatic differentiation, their role in metal transport between the mantle and the ocean floor remains poorly constrained. Here we aim to improve such knowledge for oceanic crust formed at slow-spreading centers (approximately half of present-day oceanic crust), by focusing on specific igneous features where sulfides are concentrated. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 360 drilled Hole U1473A 789 m into the lower crust of the Atlantis Bank oceanic core complex, located at the Southwest Indian Ridge. Coarse-grained (5–30 mm) olivine gabbro prevailed throughout the hole, ranging locally from fine- (<1 mm), to very coarse-grained (>30 mm). We studied three distinct intervals of igneous grain size layering at 109.5–110.8, 158.0–158.3, and 593.0–594.4 meters below seafloor to understand the distribution of sulfides. We found that the layer boundaries between the fine- and coarse-grained gabbro were enriched in sulfides and chalcophile elements. On average, sulfide grains throughout the layering were composed of pyrrhotite (81 vol.%; Fe1-xS), chalcopyrite (16 vol.%; CuFeS2), and pentlandite (3 vol.%; [Ni,Fe,Co]9S8), which reflect paragenesis of magmatic origin. The sulfides were most commonly associated with Fe-Ti oxides (titanomagnetites and ilmenites), amphiboles, and apatites located at the interstitial positions between clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine. Pentlandite exsolution textures in pyrrhotite indicate that the sulfides formed from high-temperature sulfide liquid separated from mafic magma that exsolved upon cooling. The relatively homogenous phase proportion within sulfides along with their chemical and isotopic compositions throughout the studied intervals further support the magmatic origin of sulfide enrichment at the layer boundaries. The studied magmatic layers were likely formed as a result of intrusion of more primitive magma (fine-grained gabbro) into the former crystal mush (coarse-grained gabbro). Sulfides from the coarse-grained gabbros are Ir-Platinum Group Element-rich (PGE; i.e., Ir, Os, Ru) but those from the fine-grained gabbros are Pd-PGE-rich (i.e., Pd, Pt, Rh). Notably, the sulfides from the layer boundaries are also enriched in Pd-PGEs, and therefore elevated sulfide contents at the boundaries were likely related to the new intruding melt. Because S concentration at sulfide saturation level is dependent on the Fe content of the melt, sulfide crystallization may have been caused by FeO loss, both via crystallization of late-precipitating oxides at the boundaries, and by exchange of Fe and Mg between melt and Fe-bearing silicates (olivine and clinopyroxene). The increased precipitation of sulfide grains at the layer boundaries might be widespread in the lower oceanic crust, as also observed in the Semail ophiolite and along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Therefore, this process might affect the metal budget of the global lower oceanic crust. We estimate that up to ∼20% of the Cu, ∼8% of the S, and ∼84% of the Pb of the oceanic crust inventory is accumulated at the layer boundaries only from the interaction between crystal mush and new magma. © 2022 The Author

Sulfide enrichment along igneous layer boundaries in the lower oceanic crust: IODP Hole U1473A, Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Pieterek, B., Ciazela, J., Boulanger, M., Lazarov, M., Wegorzewski, A., Pańczyk, M., Strauss, H., Dick, H. J. B., Muszyński, A., Koepke, J., Kuhn, T., Czupyt, Z., & France, L. Sulfide enrichment along igneous layer boundaries in the lower oceanic crust: IODP Hole U1473A, Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 320, (2022): 179–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.01.004.Reactive porous or focused melt flows are common in crystal mushes of mid-ocean ridge magma reservoirs. Although they exert significant control on mid-ocean ridge magmatic differentiation, their role in metal transport between the mantle and the ocean floor remains poorly constrained. Here we aim to improve such knowledge for oceanic crust formed at slow-spreading centers (approximately half of present-day oceanic crust), by focusing on specific igneous features where sulfides are concentrated. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 360 drilled Hole U1473A 789 m into the lower crust of the Atlantis Bank oceanic core complex, located at the Southwest Indian Ridge. Coarse-grained (5–30 mm) olivine gabbro prevailed throughout the hole, ranging locally from fine- (30 mm). We studied three distinct intervals of igneous grain size layering at 109.5–110.8, 158.0–158.3, and 593.0–594.4 meters below seafloor to understand the distribution of sulfides. We found that the layer boundaries between the fine- and coarse-grained gabbro were enriched in sulfides and chalcophile elements. On average, sulfide grains throughout the layering were composed of pyrrhotite (81 vol.%; Fe1-xS), chalcopyrite (16 vol.%; CuFeS2), and pentlandite (3 vol.%; [Ni,Fe,Co]9S8), which reflect paragenesis of magmatic origin. The sulfides were most commonly associated with Fe-Ti oxides (titanomagnetites and ilmenites), amphiboles, and apatites located at the interstitial positions between clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine. Pentlandite exsolution textures in pyrrhotite indicate that the sulfides formed from high-temperature sulfide liquid separated from mafic magma that exsolved upon cooling. The relatively homogenous phase proportion within sulfides along with their chemical and isotopic compositions throughout the studied intervals further support the magmatic origin of sulfide enrichment at the layer boundaries. The studied magmatic layers were likely formed as a result of intrusion of more primitive magma (fine-grained gabbro) into the former crystal mush (coarse-grained gabbro). Sulfides from the coarse-grained gabbros are Ir-Platinum Group Element-rich (PGE; i.e., Ir, Os, Ru) but those from the fine-grained gabbros are Pd-PGE-rich (i.e., Pd, Pt, Rh). Notably, the sulfides from the layer boundaries are also enriched in Pd-PGEs, and therefore elevated sulfide contents at the boundaries were likely related to the new intruding melt. Because S concentration at sulfide saturation level is dependent on the Fe content of the melt, sulfide crystallization may have been caused by FeO loss, both via crystallization of late-precipitating oxides at the boundaries, and by exchange of Fe and Mg between melt and Fe-bearing silicates (olivine and clinopyroxene). The increased precipitation of sulfide grains at the layer boundaries might be widespread in the lower oceanic crust, as also observed in the Semail ophiolite and along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Therefore, this process might affect the metal budget of the global lower oceanic crust. We estimate that up to ∼20% of the Cu, ∼8% of the S, and ∼84% of the Pb of the oceanic crust inventory is accumulated at the layer boundaries only from the interaction between crystal mush and new magma.This research was funded by National Science Centre Poland (PRELUDIUM 12 no. 2016/23/N/ST10/00288), Graduate Academy of the Leibniz Universität Hannover (60421784), and ECORD Research Grant to J. Ciazela, as well as Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KO1723/23-1) to J. Koepke and H. Strauss. J. Ciazela is additionally supported within the START program of the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP). This is CRPG contribution No. 2813

Postępowanie z chorym z podejrzeniem mikroangiopatii zakrzepowej. Stanowisko Zespołu Koordynującego ds. Leczenia Atypowego Zespołu Hemolityczno-Mocznicowego

Zmiany o charakterze zakrzepowej mikroangiopatii naczyniowej (TMA) występują u chorych z uszkodzeniem narządowym, najczęściej nerek (ostre uszkodzenie nerek, krwinkomocz, białkomocz, nadciśnienie tętnicze) lub ośrodkowego układu nerwowego (OUN), u których stwierdza się nieimmunologiczną niedokrwistość hemolityczną oraz małopłytkowość. Przyczyny TMA są bardzo różnorodne i stanowią podstawę jej współczesnej klasyfikacji patofizjologicznej, która ukierunkowuje postępowanie terapeutyczne. Rozpoznanie oraz diagnostykę różnicową TMA przeprowadza się na podstawie obrazu klinicznego oraz specjalistycznych badań laboratoryjnych (aktywność ADAMTS13, przeciwciała anty-ADAMTS13, PCR w kierunku STEC, badania układu dopełniacza, przeciwciała anty-H i inne). Podstawą diagnostyki różnicowej jest wyodrębnienie chorych z atypowym zespołem hemolityczno-mocznicowym (aZHM) wymagających leczenia ekulizumabem od chorych z zakrzepową plamicą małopłytkową (TTP) leczonych plazmaferezą i rytuksymabem lub wlewami osocza czy chorych z zespołem hemolityczno- mocznicowym (ZHM) w przebiegu infekcji szczepami E. coli wytwarzającymi werotoksynę (STEC HUS) leczonych objawowo. Dostępność skutecznego leczenia przeciwciałami anty-C5 dla chorych z aZHM związanym z dysfunkcją układu dopełniacza stwarza konieczność przeprowadzenia diagnostyki różnicowej w trybie pilnym. Decyzja o czasie trwania leczenia wymaga indywidualizacji i jest zależna od danych klinicznych oraz rozpoznanego podłoża genetycznego

HBK-17, a 5-HT1A Receptor Ligand With Anxiolytic-Like Activity, Preferentially Activates ß-Arrestin Signaling

Numerous studies have proven that both stimulation and blockade of 5-HT1A and the blockade of 5-HT7 receptors might cause the anxiolytic-like effects. Biased agonists selectively activate specific signaling pathways. Therefore, they might offer novel treatment strategies. In this study, we investigated the anxiolytic-like activity, as well as the possible mechanism of action of 1-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)propyl]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride (HBK-17). In our previous experiments, HBK-17 showed high affinity for 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors and antidepressant-like properties. We performed the four plate test and the elevated plus maze test to determine anxiolytic-like activity. Toward a better understanding of the pharmacological properties of HBK-17 we used various functional assays to determine its intrinsic activity at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT7, and D2 receptors and UHPLC-MS/MS method to evaluate its pharmacokinetic profile. We observed the anxiolytic-like activity of HBK-17 in both behavioral tests and the effect was reversed by the pretreatment with WAY-100635, which proves that 5-HT1A receptor activation was essential for the anxiolytic-like effect. Moreover, the compound moderately antagonized D2, weakly 5-HT7 and very weakly 5-HT2A receptors. We demonstrated that HBK-17 preferentially activated ß-arrestin signaling after binding to the 5-HT1A receptor. HBK-17 was rapidly absorbed after intraperitoneal administration and had a half-life of about 150 min. HBK-17 slightly penetrated the peripheral compartment and showed bioavailability of approximately 45%. The unique pharmacological profile of HBK-17 encourages further experiments to understand its mechanism of action fully

Volcanic eruptions - forms and products

Termin "wulkan" dotyczy tych nieciągłości w skorupie ziemskiej, w których doszło do erupcji, czyli wyrzucenia przez wulkan lawy, materiału piroklastycznego lub substancji lotnych (gazów wulkanicznych). Ze względu na charakter erupcji wyróżnia się wulkany efuzywne, eksplozywne i mieszane (stratowulkany). Charakter i rozmiar erupcji zależą od wielu czynników w tym min. od składu chemicznego magm, lepkości magm, zawartości gazów. Na Ziemi najczęściej spotykanym typem magmy są magmy krzemianowe, które po wydostaniu się na powierzchnię nazywamy lawami. Eksplozywność erupcji zależy w dużej mierze od zawartości wody w magmie (erupcje magmowe), jak również od reakcji gorącej, intrudującej magmy z wodami powierzchniowymi (freatyczne erupcje). Najczęstszymi produktami efuzywnych erupcji są potoki i kopuły lawowe, natomiast eksplozywnych - bomby, lapilli, popioły i pył.A volcano is an opening in the Earth's surface where eruptions can take place and lava flows, pyroclastic material and volcanic gases escape from a magma reservoir. Volcanoes can be classified as effusive, explosive or composite (stratovolcanoes). The explosivity of eruption depends on the chemical composition, viscosity and volatile content of the magma. Most magmas are silicate melts; after degassing during eruption, they are termed lavas. The explosivity of an eruption depends mainly on the content of juvenile water in the magma (magmatic eruption), and on the extent of interaction of extruded magma with surface water (phreatic eruption). The products of effusive eruption are lava flows and lava domes; for explosive eruption they are mainly bombs, lapilli and ashes